基于光合系统参数建立马铃薯耐荫性综合评价体系

为构建便捷的马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)耐荫性综合评价体系并发掘耐荫种质, 以35个马铃薯品种(系)为实验材料, 测定块茎膨大期遮荫下植株叶片叶绿素含量、光合能力和叶绿素荧光等光合参数及收获后块茎单株产量和淀粉含量等指标。根据耐荫系数, 利用主成分分析法、隶属函数法、聚类分析法和逐步回归分析法进行综合评价。通过主成分分析将马铃薯耐荫性相关的13个单项光合指标转换为6个综合指标, 代表了全部信息的87.51%。以此计算各种质的隶属函数值, 并以主成分的贡献率进行加权, 最终获得所用材料耐荫性的综合评价值(D值)。根据D值聚类分析结果将35个马铃薯分为4类, 其中Eshu10和Lishu6分别为耐荫性最强和最弱的品种。通过逐步回归分析建立了马铃薯耐荫性评价数学模型: D=0.060+0.106G_s+0.214qP+0.143NPQ。同时, 用该评价体系鉴定为耐荫性强的品种(系)在遮荫后其产量和/或淀粉含量等指标减幅均低于耐荫性弱的种质, 表明该评价体系可用于快速评价和预测马铃薯种质的耐荫性。     

Spontaneous mutations in FgSAD1 suppress the growth defect of the Fgprp4 mutant by affecting tri-snRNP stability and its docking in Fusarium graminearum

FgPrp4, the only kinase in the spliceosome, is not essential for viability, but is important for splicing efficiency in Fusarium graminearum. The Fgprp4 deletion mutant had severe growth defects but often produced spontaneous suppressors with faster growth rate. To better understand the suppression mechanism, we identified and characterized spontaneous mutations in the tri-snRNP-specific protein, FgSad1, which suppressed the growth defects of Fgprp4. The L512P mutation was verified for its suppressive effects on Fgprp4, suggesting that mutations in FgSad1 may have effects involving FgPrp4 phosphorylation on FgSad1. Phosphoproteomics analysis showed that FgSad1 may not be the direct substrate of FgPrp4 kinase. Furthermore, truncation analysis showed that the N-terminal, extra RS-rich region of FgSad1 is critical for its function and is post-translationally modified. The P258S or S269P mutations in FgSad1 increased its interactions with the U5 protein FgPrp8 and the U4/U6 protein FgPrp31, which may result in tri-snRNP stabilization. Additionally, the D76N mutation increased the association of FgSad1 with the U2 snRNP. These data indicate that suppressor mutations in FgSad1 increase the stability of the tri-snRNP and/or the affinity of FgSad1 with U2 snRNP and therefore potentially facilitate the docking of tri-snRNP into the spliceosome.     

基于土地利用变化情景的生态系统服务价值评估: 以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例

土地利用变化是生物多样性与生态系统服务变化的主要原因之一。评估土地利用变化对生物多样与生态系统服务影响对于政府决策具有重要作用。钱江源国家公园体制试点区是钱塘江的源头, 也是国家的重点生态功能区。本研究以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为研究区, 首先设计自然发展情景、规划情景、生态保护情景和开发利用情景等4种2025年不同土地利用变化情景, 随后采用InVEST模型和CLUE-S模型分析不同情景下钱江源国家公园水资源供给、涵养水源、固碳释氧、土壤保持、环境净化和生境质量等生态系统服务及其价值变化。结果表明: (1)核心保护区和生态保育区的生态系统服务价值占钱江源国家公园总价值的88.30%。(2)生态保护情景下钱江源国家公园生态系统服务价值最高, 有129.17亿元; 规划情景下生态系统服务价值次之, 有126.92亿元。(3)规划情景下钱江源国家公园水资源供给服务优于生态保护情景, 其他生态系统服务则次于生态保护情景。考虑到钱江源国家公园为下游提供重要的水资源这一功能, 将规划情景作为试点区2025年最优的土地利用变化情景。     

贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区鸟兽红外相机监测

红外相机监测是了解野生动物多样性现状、动态变化和面临威胁的重要手段。本研究采用网格抽样调查法, 在贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区内选取2个监测样区共40个监测位点布设红外相机, 对区内兽类和鸟类物种进行监测调查。2017年4月至2018年12月间, 红外相机累积监测14,808个相机工作日, 共收集有效照片14,119张, 独立有效物种照片3,199张。共鉴定野生动物9目22科61种, 其中兽类26种, 隶属于4目12科; 鸟类35种, 隶属于5目10科。记录到国家I级重点保护野生动物2种: 黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus brelichi)和白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti), 国家II级重点保护野生动物9种; 被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危(EN)的1种、易危(VU)的5种、近危(NT)的8种。物种的相对多度指数(relative abundance index, RAI)分析结果显示, 藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana, RAI = 28.23)、毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus, RAI = 15.46)、野猪(Sus scrofa, RAI = 11.82)、小麂(Muntiacus reevesi, RAI = 9.05)、黔金丝猴(RAI = 7.70)为相对多度最高的5种兽类; 紫啸鸫(Myophonus insularis, RAI = 10.33)、红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii, RAI = 9.59)、红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus, RAI = 6.96)、白颈长尾雉(RAI = 3.71)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha, RAI = 1.55)为相对多度最高的5种鸟类。另外, 红外相机还监测到较多的家畜活动(RAI = 11.14)和人为活动(RAI = 12.90), 保护区管理部门仍需采取相应管理措施, 进一步提高周边居民的保护意识, 促进保护区与社区的协调发展。     

基于SSR分子标记构建南方型美洲黑杨初级核心种质

以所收集的363份美洲黑杨无性系为实验材料,利用20对SSR引物扩增数据,设置10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%共7个取样梯度构建南方型美洲黑杨初级核心种质,并采用平均观察等位基因数(Na)等遗传参数的t检验对核心种质有效性进行确认,以初级核心种质、保留种质以及原始种质三者之间平均观察等位基因数(Na)等遗传参数的保留比例作为评价指标,结合主坐标轴分析法对初级核心种质做进一步代表性确认。结果显示:(1)20对SSR引物共检测到278个多态位点,遗传多样性参数I、H分别为1.667和0.688 2,表明南方型美洲黑杨种质资源具有丰富的遗传变异。(2)比较平均Na、I、H变化确定15%为最佳取样比例,得到54份核心种质和309份保留种质,构建的初级核心种质与原始种质的平均Na、I、H经t检验不显着,除平均Na外其他平均遗传多样性参数,如Ne、Ho、I、H的保留率分别为111%、105%、104%和104%。(3)PCoA分析显示,所构建的初级核心种质不仅与原始种质分布相似,而且分散均匀覆盖较全面,可以代表原始种质在图中的几何分布。研究认为,所构建的45份初级核心种质保存了原始种质大部分的等位基因和基因型,剔除了原始种质的遗传冗余度和遗传重复度,具有更高的遗传多样性参数保留率,能全面代表原始种质的遗传多样性。     

Expert consensus on organizing the multidisciplinary team (MDT) diagnosis and treatment of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases in China

Science China Life Sciences -     

The determination of potassium concentration in vitreous humor by low pressure ion chromatography and its application in the estimation of postmortem interval

An analytical method was developed for the determination of potassium in vitreous humor by low pressure ion chromatography (LPIC). Experimental conditions for LPIC analysis were optimized. High sensitivity and selectivity were obtained using this method. The LOD and LOQ were 1 and 2 mmol l(-1), respectively. The linearity was demonstrated from 2 to 20 mmol l(-1). The intra- and inter-day precision (CV) based on three concentrations was less than 5.0%. It was a simple and fast method to measure potassium and was suitable for evaluating the postmortem interval (PMI) in relatively well-preserved bodies. Sixty-two samples from medical-legal autopsies with known PMI were analyzed. A linear correlation equation for potassium concentration in the vitreous humor and PMI was established: [K(+)]=0.1702PMI+5.5678, r=0.8692.     

VdToxD1和VdToxD3调控大丽轮枝菌微菌核的萌发

大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae是一种土传性植物病原真菌,可侵染660多种植物,引发黄萎病。微菌核是大丽轮枝菌在侵染后期形成的特殊休眠结构,可在土壤中存活14年,是黄萎病的主要初侵染来源。本研究在前期大丽轮枝菌萌发与休眠微菌核转录组分析的基础上,选择微菌核休眠状态高表达的VdToxD1和VdToxD3基因进行功能研究。结果发现,VdToxD1和VdToxD3敲除突变体菌株的微菌核萌发率分别为87.3%和86.0%,显著高于野生型菌株的64.0%;负调控微菌核萌发的转录因子VdCrz1与VdToxD1上游的-937 bp到-349 bp中的特定基序结合,与VdToxD3上游的-752 bp到-496 bp中的特定基序结合,结合位点均位于2个基因的启动子区。     

文心兰OnFNR基因的克隆及抗软腐病功能鉴定北大核心CSCD

为了解铁氧还蛋白-NADP+氧化还原酶(FNR)在文心兰抵御软腐病过程中的作用,该研究采用RACE技术从文心兰‘小樱桃’中克隆到一条OnFNR基因(登录号为KX461908),分析其序列特性和编码蛋白亚细胞定位情况,利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分析其在不同组织部位以及不同软腐病感病阶段的表达模式,构建OnFNR过表达载体并转化文心兰原球茎(PLBs),对转基因原球茎进行软腐病抗性评价。结果显示:(1)文心兰OnFNR基因开放阅读框长为1080 bp,预测可编码含359个氨基酸、分子量为40066.14 Da、等电点为8.72的碱性蛋白;OnFNR具有典型的FAD结合结构域和NADP+结合结构域,定位于叶绿体。(2)多序列比对和进化树分析发现,OnFNR与其他植物LFNR聚为一类,并与小兰屿蝴蝶兰LFNR的相似度最高(89.1%)。(3)qRT-PCR结果显示,OnFNR在文心兰叶中的表达量最高,其次是假鳞茎与花,根中最低;文心兰植株接种软腐病病原菌1 d后叶片和假鳞茎的OnFNR基因表达量呈现极显著下调,并且在5个感病阶段的表达量均低于健康植株。(4)成功构建过表达载体pCAMBIA1301-OnFNR,并经农杆菌EHA105侵染成功转入文心兰PLBs,获得过表达OnFNR转基因原球茎16个;在过表达OnFNR文心兰PLBs中,OnFNR与Fd基因表达均呈现极显著上调,尤其是Fd表达量上调至对照(非转基因PLBs)的3.67倍,且过表达OnFNR的PLBs在软腐病病原菌侵染第4天的存活率仍有48.88%,而对照的存活率只有6.66%。研究表明,文心兰OnFNR是一个定位于叶绿体的光合型铁氧还蛋白-NADP+氧化还原酶,过表达OnFNR能够明显提高文心兰植株的抗病性,推测OnFNR在植物抵抗病毒以及ROS爆发中具有重要作用,且过表达OnFNR可能通过提高LET的电子传递效率,进而提高Fd的表达量达到促进MAPK通路信号传导的效果。     

Anti-oncogenic PTEN induces ovarian cancer cell senescence by targeting P21

Deletion and mutation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome10 (PTEN) are closely associated with the occurrence of tumors. Tumor suppressor gene PTEN mutation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. However, it has been unclear whether it can regulate the senescence of ovarian cancer cells. We speculated that PTEN might inhibit the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer by promoting the expression of P21. We found that the expression of TRIM39 in human ovarian cancer was significantly diminished. In SKOV3 cells treated with naringin, the expression of TRIM39, which binds P21 and inhibits P21 degradation, was significantly elevated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to detected the expression of PTEN, p21, and TRIM39, β-galactosidase Staining was used to detect cell senescence, Ki67 staining was used to observe cell proliferation, Trim39 interference or overexpression assay was used to detect its function. We speculated that PTEN might promote SKOV3 cell senescence by increasing TRIM39 expression and decreasing P21 degradation. Furthermore, by interfering with TRIM39 in SKOV3 cells, we found that the expression of P21 was downregulated, and the number of senescent SKOV3 cells decreased. With overexpression of TRIM39 in SKOV3 cells, the expression of P21 was upregulated, and the number of senescent SKOV3 cells increased. When naringin, a PTEN agonist, was added to SKOV3 cells in which TRIM39 protein was interfered with, the expression of P21 was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the number of senescent ovarian cancer cells was significantly diminished. Our results indicated that PTEN maintained the stability of P21 and decreased the degradation of P21 by increasing TRIM39 expression, thus promoting the senescence of SKOV3 cells, and PTEN maintained the stability of p21 and promoted the aging of SKOV3 cells might be a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.