Maturation and fertilization of porcine oocytes in vitro

Four experiments were conducted to study 1) factors affecting porcine oocyte maturation in culture medium and 2) a new method for oocyte maturation outside the porcine body. In Experiment 1, five groups of oocytes were cultured in m-TCM199 or m-KRB medium for 24 to 28, 32 to 36 or 40 to 42 hours and then were fertilized in vitro. The cleavage rate (two to four-cell stage) of oocytes cultured for 32 to 36 hours was significantly higher than those of the other oocytes. The results indicate that a suitable culture period for the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes is 32 to 36 hours. In Experiment 2, four groups of oocytes were cultured in m-KRB or m-KRB supplemented with PFF, PMSG or FSH for in vitro maturation, and the cleavage rates of oocytes were 7.94, 22.56, 30.23 and 23.26%, respectively, after in vitro fertilization. The results show that porcine follicular fluid (PFF) and gonadotrophins added to the culture medium promote porcine oocyte maturation in vitro. In Experiment 3, oocytes were cultured in m-KRB or m-TCM199, supplemented with both gonadotrophin and pocine folliclar fluid for maturation in vitro. After fertilization in vitro, the cleavage rates of oocytes were 26.32 and 27.93% for the two media. The results indicate that the difference between m-KRB and m-TCM199 was insignificant when the media were used to culture porcine oocytes. But there was a significant difference when PFF and gonadotrophins were added to the basic media. In Experiment 4, porcine oocytes were transferred into the reproductive tracts of other animals for maturation. After 34 to 36 hours, the oocytes were collected and fertilized in vitro. The cleavage rates of oocytes were 10.42, 28.45, 3.33 and 36.36%, respectively, for the oocytes matured in mouse uterine horns, rat uterine horns, rat oviducts or rabbit oviducts. The results show that porcine oocytes can be matured in the reproductive tracts of other animals.     

福建省生态保护重要性评价

生态保护重要性是表征区域生态系统结构和功能重要性程度的综合指标,确定生态保护空间范围是协调保护与发展、保障生态服务持续供给的基础。在明确福建省生态本底和关键生态问题的基础上,综合分析生态服务功能重要性和生态敏感性,构建福建省生态保护重要性评价指标体系,识别具有重要保护意义的生态极重要地区,能够为优化生态保护策略、划定生态红线和主体功能区划提供技术支持。研究结果表明,福建省生态保护极重要区占福建省陆地总面积的38.94%,生态重要性空间格局基本沿福建省闽西大山带、闽中大山带与海岸带分布,其中生态服务功能极重要区面积为3.96万km~2,以生物多样性维护功能和水源涵养功能为主;生态极敏感性区面积占福建省陆地总面积的9.71%,水土流失是主要的生态问题,占福建省陆地总面积的8.93%,土地沙化极敏感区集中在海岸带附近,与海岸侵蚀极敏感区空间范围基本一致。研究建议,生态保护极重要区作为划定生态红线和重点生态功能区的依据,支撑福建省开展有针对性的生态保护,保障和维护生态安全。     

基于水足迹的作物生产生态效率评价——以陕西省为例

传统生产函数很少考虑农业生产中自然资源的要素功能,也无法表达化肥、农药的使用对环境产生的损害。研究将绿水、蓝水和灰水足迹,分别代表降水资源、灌溉水资源和作物生产的环境影响,引入农业生产函数,采用随机前沿方法测算陕西省作物生产生态效率,并分析其影响因素。结果表明：1）1985-2018年间陕西省作物生产总水足迹呈上升趋势,作物生产单位面积用水强度不断增强。单位面积水足迹及蓝、绿、灰水占比与气候、种植结构,灌溉条件和农业污染相关。2）研究期内,陕西省作物生产生态效率以2003年为分界点呈现先降后升趋势,陕西省作物生产生态效率的U型波动对应政府对耕地资源保护和农业污染管控政策变化。3）作物生产生态效率低下的区域集中在生产落后的农业区和农业条件差的工业区,农业耕地质量差,灌溉条件匮乏,低效率（产值角度）的灌溉和化肥农药施用以及落后农业生产方式是导致作物生产生态效率低下的主要原因。4）研究期内,陕西省作物生产经历了从规模报酬递增,到规模报酬递减2个阶段,与耕地面积的变化基本对应。短期内,考虑各投入要素的产出弹性调整种植结构和化肥农药施用量是提高作物生产生态效率的有效措施,而促进农业产业升级和技术革新是推动作物生产生态效率提升的根本路径。     

渭河流域生态系统服务权衡优化研究

研究生态系统服务之间以及与土地利用类型之间的复杂关系,进行生态系统服务导向下的土地利用优化,对实现社会经济与生态保护协调可持续发展具有重要的意义。以渭河流域关中-天水经济区段(简称关天段)为研究对象,在子流域尺度估算了2000—2013年的生物多样性、固碳和产水3种生态系统服务量,定量化研究彼此之间的权衡和协同关系;并利用CA-Markov模型预测2050年土地利用变化情景,以此测算未来情景下的生态系统服务并引入生产可能性边界(PPF)方法,进行权衡与协同分析,探究2050年最优生态系统服务下的土地利用格局。研究得出:(1)2000—2013年研究区的总产水量呈增加趋势。秦岭与六盘山地区总固碳量较大,生物多样性质量较高;而关中平原地区人口和城市分布较多,固碳能力较差,生境退化度普遍较高。(2)固碳与生物多样性之间呈现协同关系,而产水与生物多样性和产水与固碳之间均表现为权衡关系。(3)绘制了2050年的生态系统服务下的最优帕累托效率曲线,并进一步进行权衡协同分析,得到相对应的土地利用优化图。将生态系统服务及权衡需求纳入到土地决策和优化管理过程中,将有助于研究区的生态,社会和经济达到共赢状态。     

承灾脆弱性视角下的生态系统服务需求评估及供需空间匹配

生态系统服务供需空间分布格局及匹配关系是生态系统服务领域的热点问题。将生态系统服务聚焦于增强城市系统承受自然灾害的能力和恢复力功能上,引入承灾脆弱性表征生态系统服务需求。选择首批经济特区之一的珠海市为案例研究区,土壤保持服务为供需分析的对象,利用承灾脆弱性评价城市系统及居民的服务需求并刻画需求的空间异质性,采用基于"3S技术"的In VEST模型定量评估服务供给潜力,从流域与镇、街道两种尺度分析生态系统服务供需匹配状况,以期为市级土地利用管理、景观格局优化及城市经济建设提供建议。研究结果表明:根据供需空间匹配状况,珠海市包含高供给高需求、低供给高需求、低供给低需求与高供给低需求四种供需匹配类型。珠海市土壤保持服务供需空间错位状况较为严重,人口密集的城镇区域需求极高但供给严重缺乏,部分生态源地的高供给无法惠及周边区域人口;兼顾经济建设与生态保护的高供给高需求地区仅占全域面积的8.7%;以农业导向且经济发展缓慢的低供给低需求地区分布较广。是对生态系统服务供给与需求的空间异质性刻画及供需空间匹配的重要尝试,为城市建设和生态管理提供参考。     

Overexpression of Kdr in adult endocardium induces endocardial neovascularization and improves heart function after myocardial infarction

Dear Editor, Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.Blockade of effective blood flow to heart muscles results in cardi...     

赤霉菌超氧化物歧化酶的纯化及部分理化性质

采用加热、Sephadex G—100凝胶过滤及DEAE-Sephadex A-50柱层析的方法,提纯了赤霉菌的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),纯酶比活力为2640U/mg蛋白,最大紫外吸收峰为276nm,为Mn-SOD,由二个亚基组成,亚基分子量为14.5kD。此外还报道了该酶的氨基酸组成。     

Clinical manifestation, imaging, and genotype analysis of two pedigrees with spinocerebellar ataxia

The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestation, imaging characteristics, genotype, and the relationship between the three aforementioned parameters in two pedigrees suffering from spinocerebellar ataxia. To evaluate the clinical manifestation of the two pedigrees and to compare the characteristics, we performed the MRI analysis of some patients from both pedigrees, while 2 ml of the peripheral blood sample was collected for gene analysis. The gene analysis data showed that pedigree 1 was certified spinocerebellar ataxia type-2 (SCA2); the CAG repeats in the proband, proband’s mother, and proband’s brother were 44, 36, and 38, respectively. The MRI revealed brainstem cerebellar atrophy and “cross sign” and “ordinate sign” of pons. Pedigree 2 was certified SCA1; the CAG repeats of the proband, proband’s aunt, and proband’s asymptomatic cousin were 60, 51, and 52, respectively. The MRI revealed cerebellar atrophy in these individuals. We, therefore, concluded that it was difficult to diagnose the SCA subset solely through the clinical manifestation. The imaging characteristics analysis and final diagnosis depended basically on gene analysis data.     

利用红外相机网络调查古田山自然保护区的兽类及雉类多样性

2014年5月至2015年4月,采用红外相机技术系统地调查了浙江省古田山国家级自然保护区内大中型地栖兽类和鸟的多样性组成。调查共获得244个有效位点的数据,其中兽类和雉类的照片视频共67 086份,有效探测数16 129次,包括分属6目15科的野生兽类21种、野生雉类5种、家畜及家禽4种。记录到雉类以外的其它鸟类52种,分属6目15科。在野生兽类和雉类中,国家一级重点保护野生动物2种,分别为黑麂（Muntiacus crinifrons）、白颈长尾雉（Syrmaticus ellioti）,国家二级重点保护野生动物7种,合计占物种总数的35%。IUCN物种红色名录评估为“易危VU”的物种2种,“近危NT”的物种5种,合计占物种总数的27%。中国生物多样性红色名录评估为“濒危”的动物1种,“易危”7种,“近危”5种,合计占物种总数的50%。独立探测数最高的兽类为小麂（Muntiacus reevesi）,雉类为白鹇。调查显示古田山保护区内受威胁的野生兽类和雉类的比例较高。本次调查将红外相机均匀布设于整个保护区,持续时长一年,全面监测保护区内兽类和雉类的物种组成与相对多度,为古田山保护区后续的科研项目和科学管理提供了重要依据。     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Therapeutic DNA Vaccination as a Repair Strategy Following Spinal Cord Injury

Myelin-derived proteins, such as tenascin-R (TN-R), myelin associate glycoprotein (MAG), oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp), and Nogo-A, inhibit the central nervous system regeneration. In this study, the DNA vaccine encoding for oligodendrocyte and myelin-related antigens was employed to attenuate the axonal growth inhibitory properties of myelin in the setting of spinal cord injury. Using a rat spinal cord dorsal hemisection model, the vaccine directed against the inhibitory epitopes of Nogo-A, MAG, OMgp, and TN-R was administered intramuscularly once a week following spinal cord injury, supplemented with local application of specific anti-sera against the four antigens. Anterograde labeling of dorsal column fibers showed active axonal regeneration through the lesion site at the eighth week following the treatment in experimental group but not in control groups. Light microscopic and ultrastructural analysis revealed that vaccination with these myelin-related antigens did not lead to demyelinating disease. OMgp and TN-R levels were down-regulated at the lesion site together with a parallel increase in growth-associated protein 43 levels in the treatment groups. This study reveals the effective approach of a DNA vaccine strategy by attaining the special antibody to direct neutralization of the myelin inhibitors during spinal cord injury.