排序方式: 共有58条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
人工诱导异源四倍体和倍间三倍体白鲫的红细胞观察及其相对DNA含量测定 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
染色体核型分析表明,异源四倍体白鲫含有两套白鲫染色体和两套红鲫染色体,新四倍体白鲫含有三套白鲫染色体和一套红鲫染色体,倍间三倍体白鲫含有二套白鲫染色体和一套红鲫染色体。为进一步阐明人工诱导多倍体的染色体倍性与细胞和细胞核及其相对DNA含量之间的相关关系,作者测量了异源四倍体、新四倍体和借间三倍体鱼红细胞及其核的大小,同时测定了它们的红细胞相对DNA含量,并与它们亲本红细胞及其精子细胞相对DNA含量进行了比较。
相似文献
2.
Zhang D Yang H Kong X Wang K Mao X Yan X Wang Y Liu S Zhang X Li J Chen L Wu J Wei M Yang J Guan Y 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2011,300(2):E287-E295
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. To date, the molecular mechanisms of DN remain largely unclear. The present study aimed to identify and characterize novel proteins involved in the development of DN by a proteomic approach. Proteomic analysis revealed that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase 2 (HMGCS2), the key enzyme in ketogenesis, was increased fourfold in the kidneys of type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Consistently, the activity of HMGCS2 in kidneys and 24-h urinary excretion of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) were significantly increased in db/db mice. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR studies further demonstrated that HMGCS2 was highly expressed in renal glomeruli of db/db mice, with weak expression in the kidneys of control mice. Because filtered ketone bodies are mainly reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, we used RPTC cells, a rat proximal tubule cell line, to examine the effect of the increased level of ketone bodies. Treating cultured RPTC cells with 1 mM β-HB significantly induced transforming growth factor-β1 expression, with a marked increase in collagen I expression. β-HB treatment also resulted in a marked increase in vimentin protein expression and a significant reduction in E-cadherin protein levels, suggesting an enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in RPTCs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that diabetic kidneys exhibit excess ketogenic activity resulting from increased HMGCS2 expression. Enhanced ketone body production in the diabetic kidney may represent a novel mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of DN. 相似文献
3.
Xiaolin Liao Dan Wang Xiaomu Yu Weitao Li Lei Cheng Jianwei Wang Jingou Tong 《Conservation Genetics》2007,8(4):1003-1007
Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is an endangered small fish endemic to upper reach of the Yangtze River. From a (GT)n enriched genomic library, 32 microsatellites were isolated and characterized. Nineteen of these loci were polymorphic in
a test population with alleles ranging from 2–7, and observed and expected heterozygosities from zero to 0.8438, and 0.2679
to 0.8264, respectively. In the cross-species amplifications, 13 out of 19 polymorphic loci were found to be also polymorphic
in at least one of the 7 closely related species of the subfamily Gobioninae. These polymorphic microsatellite loci should
provide sufficient level of genetic diversity to evaluate the fine-scale population structure in rare minnow and its closely
related species for the conservation purpose. 相似文献
4.
5.
Artificial interspecific hybrids between large scale loach P. dabryanus and tetraploid pond loach M. anguillicaudatus (Cobitidae, Cypriniformes) are viable. To detect the occurrence of possible natural hybridization, genetic analyses by using
microsatellite markers were performed for natural populations of large scale loach and pond loach, the reciprocal laboratory
hybrids, and “supposed hybrids” with ambiguous morphology. The fertility of the artificial hybrids was also tested. At one
diagnostic microsatellite (Mac50), one out of 20 “supposed hybrids” was identified to be F1 hybrid between the two loach species because it had the same genotype as that of the laboratory hybrids. The triploid hybrids
between the two species were confirmed to be female-sterile. The results show that rare hybridization has occurred between
diploid large scale loach and tetraploid pond loach in nature although it may have little effect in genetic introgression.
This study is helpful for fish conservation and encourages further investigation on natural hybridization and introgression
of loaches. 相似文献
6.
Dyslipidemia is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to identify lipid-related genetic variants in T2D patients of Han Chinese ancestry. Among 4,908 Chinese T2D patients who were not taking lipid-lowering medications, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven genes previously found to be associated with lipid traits in genome-wide association studies conducted in populations of European ancestry (ABCA1, GCKR, BAZ1B, TOMM40, DOCK7, HNF1A, and HNF4A) were genotyped. After adjusting for multiple covariates, SNPs in ABCA1, GCKR, BAZ1B, TOMM40, and HNF1A were identified as significantly associated with triglyceride levels in T2D patients (P < 0.05). The associations between the SNPs in ABCA1 (rs3890182), GCKR (rs780094), and BAZ1B (rs2240466) remained significant even after correction for multiple testing (P = 8.85×10−3, 7.88×10−7, and 2.03×10−6, respectively). BAZ1B (rs2240466) also was associated with the total cholesterol level (P = 4.75×10−2). In addition, SNP rs157580 in TOMM40 was associated with the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (P = 6.94×10−3). Our findings confirm that lipid-related genetic loci are associated with lipid profiles in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. 相似文献
7.
Activation of hypothalamic RIP‐Cre neurons promotes beiging of WAT via sympathetic nervous system 下载免费PDF全文
Baile Wang Ang Li Xiaomu Li Philip WL Ho Donghai Wu Xiaoqi Wang Zhuohao Liu Kelvin KL Wu Sonata SY Yau Aimin Xu Kenneth KY Cheng 《EMBO reports》2018,19(4)
Activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige fat by cold increases energy expenditure. Although their activation is known to be differentially regulated in part by hypothalamus, the underlying neural pathways and populations remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that activation of rat‐insulin‐promoter‐Cre (RIP‐Cre) neurons in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) preferentially promotes recruitment of beige fat via a selective control of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow to subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), but has no effect on BAT. Genetic ablation of APPL2 in RIP‐Cre neurons diminishes beiging in sWAT without affecting BAT, leading to cold intolerance and obesity in mice. Such defects are reversed by activation of RIP‐Cre neurons, inactivation of VMH AMPK, or treatment with a β3‐adrenergic receptor agonist. Hypothalamic APPL2 enhances neuronal activation in VMH RIP‐Cre neurons and raphe pallidus, thereby eliciting SNS outflow to sWAT and subsequent beiging. These data suggest that beige fat can be selectively activated by VMH RIP‐Cre neurons, in which the APPL2–AMPK signaling axis is crucial for this defending mechanism to cold and obesity. 相似文献
8.
Xiaomu Wu Fajiu Li Xiaojiang Wang Chenghong Li Qinghua Meng Chuanhai Wang Jie Huang Shi Chen Ziyang Zhu 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2018,495(1):267-272
Tumor angiogenesis plays essential roles during lung cancer progression and metastasis. Therapeutic agent that targets both tumor cell and vascular endothelial cell may achieve additional anti-tumor efficacy. We demonstrate that bedaquiline, a FDA-approved antibiotic drug, effectively targets lung cancer cells and angiogenesis. Bedaquiline dose-dependently inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of a panel of lung cancer cell lines regardless of subtypes and molecular heterogeneity. Bedaquiline also inhibits capillary network formation of human lung tumor associated-endothelial cell (HLT-EC) on Matrigel and its multiple functions, such as spreading, proliferation and apoptosis, even in the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We further demonstrate that bedaquiline acts on lung cancer cells and HLT-EC via inhibiting mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, leading to ATP reduction and oxidative stress. Consistently, oxidative damage on DNA, protein and lipid were detected in cells exposed to bedaquiline. Importantly, the results obtained in in vitro cell culture are reproducible in in vivo xenograft lung cancer mouse model, confirming that bedaquiline suppresses lug tumor growth and angiogenesis, and increases oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrating that energy depletion is effectively against lung tumor cells and angiogenesis. Our work also provide pre-clinical evidence to repurpose antibiotic bedaquiline for lung cancer treatment. 相似文献
9.
Xia Li Xiaomu Niu Ray A. Bressan Stephen C. Weller Paul M. Hasegawa 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1999,35(4):333-338
Summary Protocols and media constituents for efficient in vitro plant regeneration of Native Spearmint (Mentha spicata L. cultivar ‘Native Spearmint’) have been defined. Adventitious shoots were initiated either directly from morphogenetically
competent cells of explants or primary callus. Leaf explants from at least 2-mo.-old in vitro-maintained shoots exhibited
the greatest morphogenetic capacity. Explants derived from basal portions of leaves at the bottom of the shoot were most responsive,
with up to a 100% regeneration frequency and greater than nine shoots per explant. Highest frequency of meristemoids and morphogenetic
callus were initiated from explants cultured onto a basal medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, supplemented with
4 mg thidiazuron (TDZ) per L and 25% (vol/vol) coconut water (CW) for 10 to 14 d in darkness. Bud and shoot development required
removal of both TDZ and CW from the medium. Shoot propagules were transferred to basal medium supplemented with 0.01 mg α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA) per L and grown under low light for about 2 wk to facilitate shoot elongation. Individual shoots about 1 cm tall
were dissected and retransferred onto the same medium. Root initiation began within 4 to 6 d and a functional root system
developed within 2 to 3 wk. These plantlets were transferred to soil and acclimated successfully for growth and development
in a greenhouse. This is the first report of an efficient regeneration system for Native Spearmint based on adventitious organogenesis. 相似文献
10.
Xiaomu Liu Hongbo Zhao Qing Jin Wei You Haijian Cheng Yifan Liu Enliang Song Guifen Liu Xiuwen Tan Xianglun Zhang Fachun Wan 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2018,439(1-2):213-223
Sirtuin type 1 (SIRTl) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) play important roles in regulating energy metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, ageing, apoptosis, and metabolism. The effect of 100, 200, and 400 μm Resveratrol (RES), an activator of SIRT1, on apoptosis of bovine intramuscular adipocytes was investigated by nuclear staining, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. Results show that RES inhibited adipogenesis, decreased cell viability, and increased apoptotic rates in a dose-dependent way. RES up-regulated SIRT1, AMPKα, forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), caspase-3, and Bax; and down-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and Bcl-2, at both mRNA and protein level. The effect of RES was abolished by addition of sirtinol (an inhibitor of SIRT1). This is the first study demonstrating a role for AMPK-SIRT1-FOXO1 signalling pathway in regulating apoptosis in bovine intramuscular adipocytes. Our findings provide important information on the mechanism by which RES controls deposition of cattle intramuscular fat via adipocyte apoptosis. 相似文献