2个玉米抗矮花叶病分子标记的有效性评价

玉米矮花叶病是玉米重要的病毒病害,培育抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效的方法,将常规育种方法与分子育种技术相结合可以大大提高抗病育种的效率。本研究利用前期研究开发的2个分子标记Indel186-9和SCAR112,检测100份常用玉米自交系的标记基因型,结合100份玉米自交系抗性表型鉴定结果进行2个分子标记辅助选择的有效性分析。结果表明,目前种质资源中高抗病材料较少,亟待进行抗病改良。本试验所用的自交系包括不同血缘,抗源主要来源于PB和四平头种质。Indel186-9标记和SCAR112标记的选择符合率均达到80%,同时使用两者选择符合率达到91.67%,其中抗病选择符合率达到100%。Indel186-9和SCAR112标记分别可以使抗病级别从平均7.26级提高到平均2.4级,平均7.63级提高到平均4.27级。试验证明2个标记均可用于对玉米抗矮花叶病材料的选择,正确组合使用可提高对玉米抗矮花叶病材料的选择效率。     

Scleral Cross-Linking Using Riboflavin UVA Irradiation for the Prevention of Myopia Progression in a Guinea Pig Model: Blocked Axial Extension and Altered Scleral Microstructure

PurposeTo develop methods of collagen cross-linking (CXL) in the sclera for the treatment of progressive myopia and to investigate the biomechanical and histological changes that occur in as a result.MethodsTwenty 14-day-old guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups: the cross-linking group (CL, n = 8), non cross-linking group (NCL, n = 8), and control group (n = 4). The scleras of the right eyes of the guinea pigs in the CL group were surgically exposed and riboflavin was dropped onto the irradiation zone for 20 seconds prior to ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation. The same procedure was conducted on the NCL group but without UVA irradiation. No procedure was conducted on the control group. The right eyes of the guinea pigs in the CL and NCL groups were then fitted with -10.00DS optics for six weeks. Retinoscopy and the axial lengths (AXL) were measured at baseline, and at the second, fourth and sixth weeks post-treatment in all three groups. All animal subjects were euthanized after the sixth week and then biomechanical and histopathological examinations of the scleras were conducted.ResultsThe mean AXL of the NCL group was longer than both the control and CL groups at six weeks (P = 0.001). The mean refractive error in the NCL group was statistically significantly more negative than both the control and the CL groups at six weeks (P = 0.001). The scleral collagen fiber arrangements of the CL and control groups were denser and more regularly distributed than the NCL group. Ultimate stress of the sclera was lowest in the NCL group, followed by the CL then the control group (P<0.05). Ultimate strain (%) of the sclera was lowest in the CL group followed by the NCL and then the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that scleral CXL using riboflavin UVA irradiation effectively prevents the progression of myopia by increasing scleral biomechanical strength in a guinea pig model.     

大麦条纹花叶病毒新疆株(BSMV-XJ)RNA2 3′端结构分析

本文利用双脱氧序列分析法对我国大麦条纹花叶病毒新疆株(BSMV-XJ)RNA2 cDNA的3′端进行序列分析,证明XJ株RNA2 3′端239个核苷酸与国外典型株3′端相应部位有高度的序列同源性。通过序列分析及使用寡核苷酸定位裂解法和分子杂交确定,在紧邻239个核苷酸的上游有一个Poly(A)结构,3′终端为一个类tRNA结构,亦与国外典型株相同。经分析认为BSMV-XJ3个基因组RNA具有相同的3′端结构。     

Influence of substance P on carotid sinus nerve baro- and chemoreceptor activity in rabbits.

Substance P (SP) is abundant in the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) and has been implicated in baro- and chemoreceptor reflexes. We examined the effect of SP on blood pressure, heart rate, phrenic nerve activity, hindlimb perfusion pressure, and cardiac contractile strength in urethane-anesthetized rabbits with bilaterally cut cervical sympathetic, vagus, and aortic depressor nerves. Retrograde simultaneous injection of SP (0.5-2.7 micrograms/kg in 0.2-0.3 ml saline) into both carotid sinus areas via the internal carotid arteries decreased blood pressure (by 56%), heart rate (by 13%), cardiac contractility (by 25%) and phrenic nerve activity (by 77%). The effect on hindlimb perfusion pressure was variable. There was both a reflex effect and direct hindlimb vasodilation. In another group of rabbits, the carotid sinus areas were vascularly isolated and perfused with SP (0.19 micrograms/min dissolved in Locke's solution) or Locke's solution alone for 5 min. While carotid sinus perfusion pressure was maintained in the range of 80-120 mmHg, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and unit activity from the CSN were recorded. SP increased the activity of 11 of 18 baroreceptor fibers and inhibited all of 20 chemoreceptor fibers. SP decreased mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate, but the changes were less than those obtained with injection of SP into nonisolated carotid sinus arteries because systemic effects of SP, which in some cases counteracted the reflex effects, were eliminated.     

O-methylation of dopamine-0-sulfates with cathechol-0-methyltransferase

[²H₂]-dopamine-3-0-sulfate(DM-3-0-S) and [²H₂]-dopamine-4-0-sulfate (DM-4-0-S) were synthesized to investigate the possibility of their being substrates for catechol-0-methyltransferase (COMT). [²H₅]-3-0-methyldopamine (3-0-Me-DM) and [²H₅]-4-0-methyldopamine (4-0-Me-DM) were also synthesized as internal standards for the determination of enzymatic products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). [²H₂]-DM-3-0-S or [²H₂]-DM-4-0-S was incubated at 37° for 60 min in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine with a crude enzyme preparation obtained from rat liver homogenate. The incubation mixture was treated with 0.5N HCl at 100°C for 1h to hydrolyze the remaining sulfate moiety. The reaction products were extracted with an Amberlite XAD-4, derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride and determined by GC-MS. When [²H₂]-DM-3-0-S was used as a substrate, [²H₂]-3-0-Me-DM was found to be a major product accompanied by [²H₂]-4-0-Me-DM as a minor product. The ratio of [²H₂]-3-0-Me-DM to [²H₂]-4-0-Me-DM was found to be 26:1, while the ratio was 5.4:1 when [²H₂]-dopamine was used as a substrate. When [²H₂]-DM-4-0-S served as a substrate, [²H₂]-3-0-Me-DM was preferentially produced without detectable formation of [²H₂]-4-0-Me-DM.     

利用交换接头技术构建大麦条纹花叶病毒新疆株RNA_2的全长cDNA克隆

本文采用双股交换接头(Crossover linker)技术对已建立的大麦条纹花叶病毒新疆株(BSMV-XJ)RNA_2 cDNA重组质粒pUBS_(112)进行修饰。使cDNA两端不必要的poly(dG):poly(dC)尾准确地缺失,同时补上了cDNA中相对于RNA_2 5’端区缺少的三个核苷酸TAA,并在cDNA末端插入了预定的限制酶切顺序。通过原位杂交筛选、酶切图谱分析、cDNA两端序列测定等手段,证明已获得BSMV-XJ RNA_2组分的全长cDNA克隆。     

Modulation of muscarinic receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C responses in rat retina

1. Agonist activation of rat retina muscarinic receptors results in suppression of cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation and enhanced phosphoinositide hydrolysis. 2. Pharmacological manipulations that elevate cAMP or stable analogues of cAMP attenuate the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced enhancement of phosphoinositide hydrolysis. We postulate that cross-talk between adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C signal transducing systems probably exists in rat retina, as has been described for other systems. 3. Intraocular administration of pertussis toxin attenuated the response of both adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C to muscarinic stimulation, suggesting that some retinal muscarinic receptors are apparently coupled to their effector systems via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins.     

浑球红假单胞菌氨同化途径的研究

本文测定了浑球红假单胞菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)菌株601谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)和丙氨酸脱氢酶(ADH)的活性。低氨时,GS/GOGAT活力高,GDH活力低,高氨时,GS/GOGAT活力低,GDH活力高。在以分子氮或低浓度氨为氮源的培养条件下,加入GS抑制刑MSX(L—methionine—DL—sulphoximine),细菌生长受到抑制。但是,生长在以谷氨酸为氮源的细菌则不受影响。上述结果表明,浑球红假单胞菌菌株601氨同化是通过GS/GOGAT途径和GDH途径。     

人鼻咽组织中Epstein-Barr病毒基因组存在状态的分析

Burkitt淋巴瘤和未分化型鼻咽癌的细胞中存在着Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)的基因组,在前者虽经长期体外培养,病毒基因组仍持续存在,并部分地表达。这些现象提示,至少有一些EBV基因组是整合在寄主细胞的DNA中。Kieff等用染色体原位杂交检测Burkitt淋巴瘤Namalwa细胞株和EBV转化的人脐带血B淋巴细胞IB_4株,发现病毒DNA是整合在前者的1号染色体上,在后者则整合     

苦瓜提取物抗病毒作用及其有效成份的研究

本实验发现,小鼠皮下感染乙型脑炎病毒前腹腔注射苦瓜提取物(简称E.M.c.)有显著的保护作用,其保护率平均为66％;以E.M.c.静脉注射家兔后2小时,血清中的干扰素达高峰,其干扰素为I型干扰素;E.M.c.对小鼠NK细胞有明显的激活作用;经鉴定,E.M.c.中的有效成份主要是dsRNA,此外,还含有多糖类物质。