广西德峨苗族、彝族体质调查

对广西隆林县德峨乡男性22至60岁与女性20至60岁的576名苗族人(男395、女181)和178名彝族人(男88、女90)进行了活体观察与测量,计算出各项数据,总结德峨苗族、彝族的体质特征,并与国内一些民族相比较。     

大熊猫乳酸脱氢酶同工酶M_4胰酶水解后的HPLC肽谱分析

 比较了大熊猫与猪LDH-M_4用胰酶水解后的HPLC肽谱;对分离出的各个肽段测定了氨基酸组成与N-末端。经分析,在两者各有的35个肽段中,22个肽段有相同的氨基酸组成与N-末端且在HPLC图谱上有相同的保留时间。另外有13个肽段在氨基酸组成与保留时间上存在差异。对大熊猫LDH-M中部分肽段测定了氨基酸残基序列。结果表明,与结合NAD~+有关的12肽的序列与一级结构已知的猪LDH-M含有Cys165的相应肽段完全一样;在与底物结合部位含有His191的35肽中,两者只有一个氨基酸残基的差异。在N-端的21肽中,有3个残基出现差异;而在C-端的14肽中,仅出现一个残基的差异。     

烟草愈伤组织分化和芽原基形成期间呼吸代谢途径的改变

接种在继代培养基上的柳叶烟草愈伤组织,未观察到组织分化和芽原基形成。在分化培养基上生长的愈伤组织,接种后第6天可见拟分生组织和管胞分化,9—12天有芽原基形成,15—18天可观察到苗端结构。根据碘乙酸、Na_3PO_4和丙二酸抑制试验,以及3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶与琥珀酸脱氢酶活性测定结果,初步表明烟草愈伤组织呼吸中存在有EMP、HMP和TCAC代谢途径.在发生输导组织和芽原基分化的愈伤组织中(接种后第6—12天),HMP途径的运行程度较高;而芽原基的继续生长(培养12天以后),则与EMP途径的增加有关;分化培养基上生长的愈伤组织,始终较继代培养愈伤组织具有较高的FCAC活性水平。     

Studies on mitochondria from dystrophic skeletal muscle of mice

Mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation were compared in normal and dystrophic mouse skeletal muscles. To obtain the maximum respiration control ratio (RCR) and adenosine diphosphate/oxygen (ADP/O) ratio from isolated muscle mitochondria, it is found that there is an advantage in having a low concentration of proteinase and EGTA present in the medium during preparation of mitochondria by centrifugation fractionation. Using pyruvate, acetylcarnitine, and palmitylcarnitine as substrates for oxidation, a highly significant reduction (40-60%) is shown in oxygen uptake by dystrophic muscle mitochondria as compared to normal muscle mitochondria. Studies of the integrity of the oxidative phosphorylation apparatus in these samples showed that there is a reduction of the RCR and ADP/O ratio in dystrophic muscle mitochondria as compared to normal muscle mitochondria.     

A cytochemical study of acid phosphatase,thiamine pyrophosphatase and horseradish peroxidase in the Golgi-GERL complex of hepatoma ascites cells

Data from studies of ascitic cells of Chang hepatoma have shown that acid phosphatase (ACPase) can be localized simultaneously within the trans portion of the Golgi apparatus and in tubules of the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome (GERL) system. Reaction products of thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) were also present consistently within trans elements of the Golgi apparatus and within GERL tubules. These new findings indicate that a close physiological association may exist between the Golgi apparatus and GERL, a concept that is consistent with previous observations of fibroblasts. When horseradish peroxidase (PO) is injected intraperitoneally into ascites-bearing rats and the ascitic cells withdrawn at different time intervals, PO could be localized within vesicles and tubules in the GERL region but could not be detected within the Golgi apparatus. Bulk-phase endocytosis requires a long time and a high concentration of PO to occur. The presence of PO within GERL indicates that this organelle may play a role in transporting or processing of certain exogenous proteins.     

人胃癌不同周期细胞膜表面ConA受体的分布与侧向运动

本文研究了人胃低分化粘液性腺癌细胞MGC 80-3不同周期时相中ConA受体的分布与侧向运动。MGc 80-3细胞经同步化培养,用F-ConA标记。被标记细胞中G_1、S和G_2期呈不连续的分布,但它们之间又存在显著的差异。M期呈较均匀的强荧光分布(与其它时相细胞比较)。荧光漂白恢复方法测定ConA受体复合物侧向运动表明:各个周期时相之间不仅运动方式不同,而且运动速率也有显著差异。M期与G_1期主要表现出扩散型运动;而S期与G_2期表现为流动型运动。G_1期的扩散系数大干M期的;S期的流动速率大于G_2期的。但可动分子百分比以G_2期最高。这些结果表明了ConA受体的动力学性质。它受到细胞周期的调节。     

棉属栽培种与野生种杂交的不亲和性

本文研究了棉属栽培种与野生种杂交的不亲和性,试验材料涉及5个染色体组,包括2个栽培种(陆地棉和中棉)和5个野生种(戴维逊氏棉、瑟伯氏棉、三裂棉、阿拉伯棉和比克氏棉)。以陆地棉作母本,异己花粉管在花柱中生长缓慢,有花粉管胚珠低于10%,陆地棉×戴维逊氏棉杂种胚在子叶期坏死。以中棉作母本,不亲和性主要表现在受精后的胚胎发育过程中。     

“生态效益”的内涵及其特征

纵观全球,伴随着社会、经济的迅速发展,环境问题已成为一个日趋突出的世界性问题,并对人民生命健康和社会、经济的持续稳定发展带来了严重威胁。生态学界强烈地呼吁人类要保护自然,维持生态平衡,合理地开发利用自然资源,呼吁人类在经济发展中能正确处理经济发展-环境保护,经济效益-生态效益的关系,在实践中取得了一定成效。然而,迄今为止我们对“生态效益”的内涵及特征还没有完全认识和了解,这在相当程度上妨碍了人们在社会生产中对提高生态效益的关注,因此,本问题亟待在理论上加以认识。本文试图对此做一点有益的探讨。