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991.
Hajime Masukawa Xiaohui Zhang Emi Yamazaki Syunsuke Iwata Kensuke Nakamura Mari Mochimaru Kazuhito Inoue Hidehiro Sakurai 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2009,11(3):397-409
As a first step toward developing the methodology for screening large numbers of heterocyst-forming freshwater cyanobacteria
strains for the presence of various types of nitrogenases and hydrogenases, we surveyed the distribution of these genes and
their activities in 14 strains from culture collections. The nitrogenase genes include nif1 encoding a Mo-type nitrogenase expressed in heterocysts, nif2 expressed in vegetative cells and heterocysts under anaerobic conditions, and vnf encoding a V-type nitrogenase expressed in heterocysts. Two methods proved to be valuable in surveying the distribution of
nitrogenase types. The first method was Southern blot hybridization of DNA digested with two different endonucleases and hybridized
with nifD1, nifD2, and vnfD probes. The second method was ethane formation from acetylene to detect the presence of active V-nitrogenase. We found that
all 14 strains have nifD1 genes, and eight strains also have nifD2 genes. Four of the strains have vnfD genes, in addition to nifD2 genes. It is curious that three of these four strains had similar hybridization patterns with all of the nifD1, nifD2, and vnfD probes, suggesting that there could be some bias in strains used in the present study or in strains held in culture collections.
This point will need to be assessed in the future. For surveying the distribution of hydrogenases, Southern blot hybridization
was an effective method. All strains surveyed had hup genes, with the majority of them also having hox genes. 相似文献
992.
为阐明布氏罗非(Tilapia buttikoferi)群体遗传变异和遗传结构状况,采用50个尼罗罗非鱼特异性的微卫星分子标记对45个布氏罗非鱼个体进行遗传检测.结果有27对引物能获得稳定的特异性条带,占总数的54%,其中16个多态性微卫星座位共检测出52个等位基因.每个座位的等位基因数为2~6之间,平均每个座位为3.24;平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.5266,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.5237,平均多态信息含量为0.4652,表明布氏罗非鱼群体遗传多样性较丰富,种群结构处于合理状态. 相似文献
993.
Jennifer M. Ritchie Haopeng Rui Xiaohui Zhou Tetsuya Iida Toshio Kodoma Susuma Ito Brigid M. Davis Roderick T. Bronson Matthew K. Waldor 《PLoS pathogens》2012,8(3)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis in many parts of the world, but there is limited knowledge of the pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus-induced diarrhea. The absence of an oral infection-based small animal model to study V. parahaemolyticus intestinal colonization and disease has constrained analyses of the course of infection and the factors that mediate it. Here, we demonstrate that infant rabbits oro-gastrically inoculated with V. parahaemolyticus develop severe diarrhea and enteritis, the main clinical and pathologic manifestations of disease in infected individuals. The pathogen principally colonizes the distal small intestine, and this colonization is dependent upon type III secretion system 2. The distal small intestine is also the major site of V. parahaemolyticus-induced tissue damage, reduced epithelial barrier function, and inflammation, suggesting that disease in this region of the gastrointestinal tract accounts for most of the diarrhea that accompanies V. parahaemolyticus infection. Infection appears to proceed through a characteristic sequence of steps that includes remarkable elongation of microvilli and the formation of V. parahaemolyticus-filled cavities within the epithelial surface, and culminates in villus disruption. Both depletion of epithelial cell cytoplasm and epithelial cell extrusion contribute to formation of the cavities in the epithelial surface. V. parahaemolyticus also induces proliferation of epithelial cells and recruitment of inflammatory cells, both of which occur before wide-spread damage to the epithelium is evident. Collectively, our findings suggest that V. parahaemolyticus damages the host intestine and elicits disease via previously undescribed processes and mechanisms. 相似文献
994.
Background
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been widely used to alleviate diverse pains. Accumulated clinical experiences and experimental observations indicated that significant differences exist in sensitivity to EA analgesia for individuals of patients and model animals. However, the molecular mechanism accounting for this difference remains obscure.Methodology/Principal Findings
We classified model male rats into high-responder (HR; TFL changes >150) and non-responder (NR; TFL changes ≤0) groups based on changes of their pain threshold detected by tail-flick latency (TFL) before and after 2 Hz or 100 Hz EA treatment. Gene expression analysis of spinal dorsal horn (DH) revealed divergent expression in HR and NR after 2 Hz/100 Hz EA. The expression of the neurotransmitter system related genes was significantly highly regulated in the HR animals while the proinflammation cytokines related genes were up-regulated more significantly in NR than that in HR after 2 Hz and 100 Hz EA stimulation, especially in the case of 2 Hz stimulation.Conclusions/Significance
Our results suggested that differential regulation and coordination of neural-immune related genes might play an important role for individual variations in analgesic effects responding to EA in DH. It also provided new candidate genes related to EA responsiveness for future investigation. 相似文献995.
996.
Siti Ma Chao Cong Xiaohui Meng Shasha Cao Hongkun Yang Yuanyuan Guo Xueyi Lu Shutao Ma 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(14):4076-4079
Novel 3-elongated arylalkoxybenzamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cell division inhibitory activity and antibacterial activity. Among them, the subseries of 3-alkyloxybenzamide derivatives exhibited greatly improved on-target activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and remarkably increased antibacterial activity against B. subtilis ATCC9372, penicillin-susceptible S. aureus ATCC25923, methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC29213 (MRSA) and penicillin-resistant S. aureus PR compared with 3-methoxybenzamide. In contrast, the subseries of 3-phenoxyaklyloxybenzamide, 3-heteroarylalkyloxybenzamide and 3-heteroarylthioalkyloxybenzamide derivatives only showed a significant improvement in on-target activity and antibacterial activity against B. subtilis ATCC9372. 相似文献
997.
Chenggang Song Juan Liu Haoyu Wang Xiang Li Bing Liu Mingzhe Zhang Xiaohui Shan He Li Jinming Gao Jianchun Qin 《化学与生物多样性》2020,17(6)
Biotransformation of ent‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic acid using fungus Cunninghamella echinulata resulted in two novel hydroxylated metabolites together with five known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS data analysis. The eight compounds were measured for their cytotoxicity against the human breast carcinoma (MCF‐7) and human hepatoblastoma (HepG‐2) cell lines. Seven compounds showed no cytotoxicity to the two cell lines. One compound displayed moderate cytotoxicity against HepG‐2 and MCF‐7 with the IC50 values of 12.6 and 27.1 μM, respectively. 相似文献
998.
999.
Metabolomics is concerned with characterizing the large number of metabolites present in a biological system using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and HPLC/MS (high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry). Multivariate analysis is one of the most important tools for metabolic biomarker identification in metabolomic studies. However, analyzing the large-scale data sets acquired during metabolic fingerprinting is a major challenge. As a posterior probability that the features of interest are not affected, the local false discovery rate (LFDR) is a good interpretable measure. However, it is rarely used to when interrogating metabolic data to identify biomarkers. In this study, we employed the LFDR method to analyze HPLC/MS data acquired from a metabolomic study of metabolic changes in rat urine during hepatotoxicity induced by Genkwa flos (GF) treatment. The LFDR approach was successfully used to identify important rat urine metabolites altered by GF-stimulated hepatotoxicity. Compared with principle component analysis (PCA), LFDR is an interpretable measure and discovers more important metabolites in an HPLC/MS-based metabolomic study. 相似文献
1000.