Length–weight relationships for 15 fish species from the Three Gorges Reservoir

The length–weight relationships (LWRs) for 15 fish species from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) were described in this paper. Specimens were collected using gill nets (mesh size: 6, 8, 10, 12 cm), cage net (mesh size: 1 cm), benthic fyke net (mesh size: 1 cm), hook longlines (80 m long, 3 barbless hooks per meter line) and electrofishing (power: 1,500 w; distance of electrodes: 1–2 m; water depth: 0.2–1.0 m; water area: 1–2 m²; catch by dip net [mesh size: 0.4 cm]) at four sections of the TGR, monthly in June–August and October–November in 2017 and 2018. The first LWR reference for Zacco acutipinnis (Bleeker, 1871), Discogobio brachyphysallidos Huang, 1989, Squalidus nitens (Günther, 1873), Leptobotia pellegrini Fang, 1936, Sinibotia reevesae (Chang, 1944), Pseudobagrus tenuifurcatus (Nichols, 1931), Pseudobagrus medianalis (Regan, 1904), Liobagrus marginatoides (Wu, 1930), Glyptothorax fokiensis (Rendahl, 1925), and Ctenogobius szechuanensis (Liu, 1940) and new maximum total length for 12 species are provided.     

吉林省白城市双塔遗址东周时期人骨研究

双塔遗址是近年来松嫩平原先秦时期最为重要的考古发现,该遗址为建立白城西部乃至科尔沁沙地东部地区汉以前考古学文化的编年序列,廓清相关诸考古学文化的谱系关系,奠定了重要基础;为判断同类遗存年代提供了重要标尺,特别是东周时期人骨标本的发现,是迄今在科尔沁沙地东部地区发现的唯一一份保存较为完整的人骨资料。本文对出土9例东周时期的颅骨(男性6例,女性3例)进行了体质人类学的研究,该组颅骨在种族特征上可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种中的北亚人种范围。在若干古代和现代对比组中,双塔组东周时期居民的体质特征与井沟子东周时期居民、近代蒙古人最为接近,属于先秦时期我国北方地区的"古蒙古高原类型",佐证了这一时期该地区的人口流动。     

表面展示表达植酸酶的重组酿酒酵母构建及酒精发酵

以淀粉为原料的同步糖化发酵是目前乙醇生产的主要途径之一。然而原料中含有的植酸不仅影响酒精发酵效率,而且也会导致环境中难以被植物吸收的磷含量的增加,加剧环境污染。将来源于大肠杆菌的植酸酶基因与酵母编码α-凝集素C端编码序列连接并置于α-因子分泌信号肽下游,构建植酸酶表面展示表达重组载体pMGK-AG-phy并转化工业酿酒酵母,成功获得了在细胞表面锚定表达植酸酶的重组菌PHY。重组酵母的植酸酶表达水平达到6.4 U/g(菌体湿重),其最适温度为55℃,最适pH 4.0,在pH 3.5–4.5范围内具有较高的活性。以玉米粉为原料的同步糖化发酵实验表明,重组酵母PHY的生长速度高于出发菌株,同时酒精产量相较于出发菌株提高了3.7%。更为重要的是发酵后酒糟中植酸磷含量与对照相比降低了91%。构建的表面展示表达植酸酶的重组工业酿酒酵母能够有效降低植酸含量,提高了酒糟的利用价值,减少磷排放,对燃料酒精的环境友好生产具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Alteration of Histone Acetylation Pattern during Long-Term Serum-Free Culture Conditions of Human Fetal Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Increasing evidence suggests that the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from placenta of fetal origin (fPMSCs) are superior to MSCs of other sources for cell therapy. Since the initial number of isolated MSCs is limited, in vitro propagation is often required to reach sufficient numbers of cells for therapeutic applications, during which MSCs may undergo genetic and/or epigenetic alterations that subsequently increase the probability of spontaneous malignant transformation. Thus, factors that influence genomic and epigenetic stability of MSCs following long-term expansions need to be clarified before cultured MSCs are employed for clinical settings. To date, the genetic and epigenetic stability of fPMSCs after long-term in vitro expansion has not been fully investigated. In this report, alterations to histone acetylation and consequence on the expression pattern of fPMSCs following in vitro propagation under serum-free conditions were explored. The results show that fPMSCs maintain their MSC characteristics before they reached a senescent state. Furthermore, acetylation modification patterns were changed in fPMSCs along with gradually increased global histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and expression of HDAC subtypes HDAC4, HDAC5 and HDAC6, as well as a down-regulated global histone H3/H4 acetylation during in vitro culturing. In line with the acetylation alterations, the expression of oncogenes Oct4, Sox2 and TERT were significantly decreased over the propagation period. Of note, the down-regulation of Oct4 was strongly associated with changes in acetylation. Intriguingly, telomere length in fPMSCs did not significantly change during the propagating process. These findings suggest that human fPMSCs may be a safe and reliable resource of MSCs and can be propagated under serum-free conditions with less risk of spontaneous malignancy, and warrants further validation in clinical settings.     

Enhanced striatal dopamine release during food stimulation in binge eating disorder

Subjects with binge eating disorder (BED) regularly consume large amounts of food in short time periods. The neurobiology of BED is poorly understood. Brain dopamine, which regulates motivation for food intake, is likely to be involved. We assessed the involvement of brain dopamine in the motivation for food consumption in binge eaters. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans with [(11)C]raclopride were done in 10 obese BED and 8 obese subjects without BED. Changes in extracellular dopamine in the striatum in response to food stimulation in food-deprived subjects were evaluated after placebo and after oral methylphenidate (MPH), a drug that blocks the dopamine reuptake transporter and thus amplifies dopamine signals. Neither the neutral stimuli (with or without MPH) nor the food stimuli when given with placebo increased extracellular dopamine. The food stimuli when given with MPH significantly increased dopamine in the caudate and putamen in the binge eaters but not in the nonbinge eaters. Dopamine increases in the caudate were significantly correlated with the binge eating scores but not with BMI. These results identify dopamine neurotransmission in the caudate as being of relevance to the neurobiology of BED. The lack of correlation between BMI and dopamine changes suggests that dopamine release per se does not predict BMI within a group of obese individuals but that it predicts binge eating.     

安徽大别山粒毛盘菌初探

大别山区森林植物极其丰富多样,区内气候温暖湿润,为粒毛盘菌等腐生真菌生长提供了丰富的基物和适宜的气候条件.对该地区粒毛盘菌等相关类群资源进行了研究,报道了粒毛盘菌属7个分类单元,包括Lachnum ciliare,L. nudipes,L.pudibundum,L.ptgmnaeum,L.subpygmaeum,L.sichuanense和L.virgineum,利用物种描述式表明了种的主要特征,并对其中部分种进行了形态学方面的讨论.     

Simple sequence repeat analyses of interspecific hybrids and MAALs of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">officinalis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis>

Wild rice is a valuable resource for the genetic improvement of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L., AA genome). Molecular markers are important tools for monitoring gene introgression from wild rice into cultivated rice. In this study, Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to analyze interspecific hybrids of O. sativa-O. officinalis (CC genome), the backcrossing progenies and the parent plants. Results showed that most of the SSR primers (335 out of 396, 84.6%) developed in cultivated rice successfully amplified products from DNA samples of wild rice O. officinalis. The polymorphism ratio of SSR bands between O. sativa and O. officinalis was as high as 93.9%, indicating differences between the two species with respect to SSRs. When the SSR markers were applied in the interspecific hybrids, only a portion of SSR primers amplified O. officinalis-specific bands in the F(1) hybrid (52.5%), BC(1) (52.5%), and MAALs (37.0%); a number of the bands disappeared. Of the 124 SSR loci that detected officinalis-specific bands in MAAL plants, 96 (77.4%) showed synteny between the A and C-genomes, and 20 (16.1%) showed duplication in the C-genome. Sequencing analysis revealed that indels, substitution and duplication contribute to the diversity of SSR loci between the genomes of O. sativa and O. officinalis.     

大别山区霍山、金寨两县的常绿植物与常绿阔叶林

本文根据大别山区霍山和金寨两县植物考察所积累的标本,提出一个包含近70种的常绿植物名录,其中有6种为华东或安徽新记录,9种为该区的新记录;这些植物中,约3／4—4／5均以该地为分布的北界。文中再次报道了以苦槠为优势的常绿阔叶林类型,证明该地区低海拔地带有耐寒性常绿阔叶林的分布。最后扼要讨论了华东区常绿植物和常绿阔叶林北部边缘的分布与当地气候条件的关系,除温度的主导作用外,还受水湿条件的制约,水湿条件起到补偿温度的作用。