2000-2015年中国陆地生态系统蒸散时空变化及其影响因素

准确量化区域蒸散时空格局及其影响因素对理解陆地生态系统碳水循环具有十分重要的意义。近年来中国经历了严重的空气污染及气候波动,亟须探讨蒸散的时空变化及其影响因素。基于PT-JPL（Priestly-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory）模型,集成遥感数据和气象数据模拟了中国陆地生态系统2000-2015年蒸散,并分析其时空变化及影响因素。结果表明：1）参数优化后PT-JPL模型可解释蒸散年际变化的68%,优于原始模型及MODIS蒸散产品;2）中国地区多年平均蒸散为440.16 mm/a,呈东南沿海到西北内陆逐渐递减的空间格局;3）2000-2015年蒸散整体呈轻微下降趋势（slope=6.48 Gt/a,P=0.17）,但具有年代际差异,2000-2010年中国地区蒸散呈显著下降趋势（slope=21.05,P < 0.01）,占全国蒸散总量45.05%的内蒙古地区、甘新地区、黄土高原地区及青藏地区解释了61.88%的年际变化;2010-2015年呈轻微上升趋势（slope=10.48,P=0.71）,各地区均无显著变化趋势;4）辐射主导了蒸散的年代际差异,分别解释了2010年前后蒸散下降及上升趋势的51.45%、85.26%。蒸散呈显著变化趋势的内蒙古地区、黄土高原地区及青藏地区主要受辐射控制,甘新地区主要受降水和温度的影响。     

盐碱戈壁药用植物骆驼刺内生菌的分离、培养与鉴定

骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.)是新疆民间常用药用植物。为了解骆驼刺内生菌的多样性,获得骆驼刺的内生菌资源,本实验在新疆维吾尔克拉玛依盐碱戈壁(北纬45°16’,东经85°2’)采集骆驼刺。利用常规平板分离方法进行植物内生菌菌株的分离、培养,测定菌株16S r DNA基因序列,并结合系统发育分析进行鉴定。从骆驼刺中共分离到可培养内生菌50株,分属于葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)、芽胞八叠球菌属(Sporosarcina)、微杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、气球菌属(Aerococcus)、巨型球菌属(Macrococcus)、多米杆菌(Domibacillus)、巴尔加瓦菌属(Bhargavaea)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、棒杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、考克菌属(Kocuria)、细杆菌属(Microbacterium)、副球菌属(Paracoccus)、马西利亚菌属(Massilia)和耐辐射球菌属(Deinococcus)15个菌属。其中葡萄球菌属占绝对优势,其次为芽胞杆菌属,为环境和植物当中广泛存在的菌属,分离获得的其他细菌与骆驼刺生长环境(盐渍化严重,高辐射)有关,内生菌多样性与骆驼刺在新疆干旱、寒冷、盐碱土壤环境中的适应性机制具有密切的联系。     

Long noncoding RNA CPS1-IT1 suppresses melanoma cell metastasis through inhibiting Cyr61 via competitively binding to BRG1

Long noncoding RNA CPS1-IT1 is recently recognized as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. Here, we investigate the role of CPS1-IT1 in human melanoma. Presently, our study reveals the low expression of CPS1-IT1 in human melanoma tissues and cell lines, which is significantly associated with metastasis and tumor stage. Besides, the potential of CPS1-IT1 as a prognosis-predictor is strongly indicated. Functionally, CPS1-IT1 overexpression inhibits cell migration, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis in melanoma cells. CYR61, an angiogenic factor that participates in tumor metastasis as well as a recognized oncogene in melanoma, is shown to be confined under CPS1-IT1 overexpression in melanoma cells. Furthermore, enforced expression of Cyr61 in CPS1-IT1-silenced melanoma cells dramatically normalized the protein level of Cyr61 and that of its downstream targets vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9, as well as the repressive effect of CPS1-IT1 overexpression on melanoma cell metastasis. BRG1, a core component of SWI/SNF complex, is implied to interact with both CPS1-IT1 and Cyr61 in melanoma cells. Moreover, CPS1-IT1 negatively regulates Cyr61 expression by blocking the binding of BRG1 to Cyr61 promoter. Jointly, CPS1-IT1 controls melanoma metastasis through impairing Cyr61 expression via competitively binding with BRG1, uncovering a novel potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarker for patients with melanoma.     

Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-associated ceRNA network in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and morbidity and mortality are increasing rapidly. Increasing evidence showed the close correlation between aberrant expression of certain RNAs and the occurrence and development of CRC. However, comprehensive analyses of differentially expressed profiles of linRNA in CRC based on large sample size have been lacking. In the present study, based on RNA-seq data obtained from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database, we identified 1176 lncRNAs, 245 miRNAs and 2083 mRNAs whichaberrantly expressed in the colorectal cancer tissues compared with the adjacent non-tumorous tissues. A Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was used to study the overall survival rate of the three RNA-related CRC patients. After constructing the ceRNA network, we performed the KEGG enrichment pathway analysis on ceRNA-related differentially expressed mRNAs and found that these mRNAs were remarkably enriched in the pathways associated with CRC. Combining the differentially expressed lncRNAs with clinical pathological variables of CRC patients, we also found that LINC00400 and LINC00355 not only contribute to the regulation of ceRNA network, but also show significantchanges in its expression in multiple CRC pathological stages, indicating that LINC00400 and LINC00355 can be considered as promising therapeutic targets for CRC.     

An Antagonism Joint Action of Lead and Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate Explains an Improved Ability of Learning and Memory after Combined Exposure in Weaning Rats

Lead and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely distributed in the environment, and their neurotoxicity has caused a widespread concern. The complexity of environmental exposure provides the possibility of their combined exposure. The present study aims to describe a joint neurotoxicity and clarify the potential mechanism after combined exposure to lead and DEHP. A 2 × 3 factorial design was used to analyze either single effects or their interaction by a subchronic lead and DEHP exposure model of the male weaning rats. Similar to the previous study, lead or DEHP single exposure showed an increased neurotoxicity. Interestingly, our neurobehavioral test showed the rats in the combined exposure groups had a better ability of learning and memory compared with the single-exposure ones. It seemed to reflect an antagonism joint action in neurotoxicity after combined exposure. The content of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in serum and the mRNA level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) in the hippocampus showed a similar trend to the ability of learning and memory. However, there was insufficient evidence to support the joint action on some indexes of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), the ratio of reduced glutathione(GSH) to oxidized glutathione(GSSG), γglutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), glutathione-s transferase (GST), and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression in the hippocampus. In a word, our current study reminded a unique antagonism joint action of neurotoxicity after combined exposure to lead and DEHP, which may contribute to understanding some shallow mechanism of the joint toxicity due to the complexity of environmental pollutant exposure.

     

A relative value method for measuring and evaluating cardiac reserve

Background  

Although a very close relationship between the amplitude of the first heart sound (S1) and the cardiac contractility have been proven by previous studies, the absolute value of S1 can not be applied for evaluating cardiac contractility. However, we were able to devise some indicators with relative values for evaluating cardiac function.     

光照、湿度和培养基对苎麻疫霉卵孢子产生量的影响

采用3因素随机区组设计研究了光照、湿度和培养基对苎麻疫霉(hytophthoraboehmeriae)卵孢子产生量的影响。结果表明,各因子对卵孢子产生量的影响效应大小次序为培养基>光照>湿度,其中培养基和光照两因子影响均在0.01水平上显着。在供试的4种常用培养基上,卵孢子产生量的大小次序为：SLA培养基(SLA)>利马豆培养基(LBA)>V₆汁培养基(V₆A)>澄清的V₆汁培养基(V₆B).在设置的3种光照条件中,卵孢子产生量以连续黑暗处理最高,连续光照最低,光照与黑暗交替处理居中。3个试验因子间的所有互作对卵孢子产生量均有极显着的影响。在不同光照、湿度、培养基组合中,卵孢子产生量以低湿+连续黑暗+SLA组合最高,低湿+连续光照+V₆B组合最低。     

水解工业废羊毛提取胱氨酸的工艺参数的改进

利用人发、猪毛水解提取胱氨酸的生产线,以工业废羊毛为原料水解提取胱氨酸,给出了改进后的工艺参数。试验证明：成品收率提高到４．９％,成品合格率１００％。     

Discrimination of in vitro and in vivo digestion products of meat proteins from pork,beef, chicken,and fish

In vitro digestion products of proteins were compared among beef, pork, chicken, and fish. Gastric and jejunal contents from the rats fed these meat proteins were also compared. Cooked pork, beef, chicken, and fish were homogenized and incubated with pepsin alone or followed by trypsin. The digestion products with molecular weights of less than 3000 Da were identified with MALDI‐TOF‐MS and nano‐LC‐MS/MS. Gastric and jejunal contents obtained from the rats fed the four meat proteins for 7 days were also analyzed. After pepsin digestion, pork, and beef samples had a greater number of fragments in similarity than chicken and fish samples, but the in vitro digestibility was the greatest (p < 0.05) for pork and the smallest for beef samples. After trypsin digestion, the species differences were less pronounced (p > 0.05). A total of 822 and 659 peptides were identified from the in vitro and in vivo digestion products, respectively. Our results could interpret for the differences in physiological functions after the ingestion of different species of meat.