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本文选用金黄地鼠的微血管,利用显微高速摄影技术,放大微观流场和血细胞,连续地“冻结”短瞬间的变化状态,把物理图象呈现在胶片上,经图像分析和数据处理,从定性及定量方面研究血液微流变学,为生命科学和医学研究提供了又一种新的方法。 相似文献
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城市自生草本植物的物种多样性和功能多样性直接影响城市生态系统的功能和稳定性,但目前相关研究依然很缺乏。以深圳市为例,基于建成区600个1hm2样地的现场调查数据,分析自生草本植物的群落结构、物种多样性、群落功能特征及功能多样性。结果显示:①调查共记录自生草本植物61科178属273种,其中多年生草本占54.6%,乡土植物占65.6%。②占明显优势的功能特征有中小型叶(91.85%)、草质叶(42.59%)、纸质叶(32.96%)、叶片无毛或近无毛(56.67%)、中等密度绒毛(40.37%)、叶面较粗糙(52.59%)、花期4-6个月(50.78%)、果期4-6个月(49.22%)、干果(86.03%)。③群落类型间功能丰富度FDp、功能离散度Rao二次熵差异极显著(P < 0.01)、功能均匀度FEve差异显著(P < 0.05)。④公园绿地的物种多样性指数明显高于其他三类绿地;不同绿地类型间的功能丰富度和功能离散度在滞尘、降噪、降温增湿及生物多样性保护方面都有极显著差异(P < 0.01),功能均匀度只在滞尘及生物多样性保护方面差异极显著(P < 0.01)。⑤各功能多样性指数均与Margalef指数、Simpson指数及Shannon-Wiener指数呈极显著正相关关系(P < 0.01)。研究结论和方法为维护城市生态系统稳定性、建设生态宜居城市、促进城市可持续发展提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Perforin‐2 (PFN2, MPEG1) is a key pore‐forming protein in mammalian innate immunity restricting intracellular bacteria proliferation. It forms a membrane‐bound pre‐pore complex that converts to a pore‐forming structure upon acidification; but its mechanism of conformational transition has been debated. Here we used cryo‐electron microscopy, tomography and subtomogram averaging to determine structures of PFN2 in pre‐pore and pore conformations in isolation and bound to liposomes. In isolation and upon acidification, the pre‐assembled complete pre‐pore rings convert to pores in both flat ring and twisted conformations. On membranes, in situ assembled PFN2 pre‐pores display various degrees of completeness; whereas PFN2 pores are mainly incomplete arc structures that follow the same subunit packing arrangements as found in isolation. Both assemblies on membranes use their P2 β‐hairpin for binding to the lipid membrane surface. Overall, these structural snapshots suggest a molecular mechanism for PFN2 pre‐pore to pore transition on a targeted membrane, potentially using the twisted pore as an intermediate or alternative state to the flat conformation, with the capacity to cause bilayer distortion during membrane insertion. 相似文献
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Yucheng Liu Shulin Liu Zhifang Zhang Lingbin Ni Xingming Chen Yunxia Ge Guoan Zhou Zhixi Tian 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2022,65(9):1898-1901
<正>Dear Editor,Soybean(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) provides more than half of the oilseeds and more than a quarter of protein worldwide. It is estimated that the production of soybean has to be doubled by 2050 to meet the needs of the rapidly increasing consumption of soybean seeds along with a continuously increasing population(Ray et al., 2013). As such, development of a genotyping platform with high throughput, high efficiency and high precision but low-cost is urgently needed to accelerate... 相似文献
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时间生物学主要是研究生物体内生理和行为的时间机制的学科,而这种机制主要是由生物钟调控的。研究表明,营养代谢的各个方面如葡萄糖转运、糖原异生、脂质合成及降解、氧化磷酸化等作用都受到生物钟核心转录机制的调控,并具有时间敏感性;相反,代谢信号也可以反馈调节生物钟系统,包括生物钟基因表达和行为活动。生物钟的紊乱会造成诸如心血管疾病、肥胖、糖尿病等多种疾病。本文从代谢与生物钟的相互关系、各类营养信号和营养素对生物钟的作用以及生物钟与营养代谢相关疾病的关系等多方面综述了哺乳动物营养代谢的时间生物学研究进展。 相似文献
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Jeemeng Lao Ai Oikawa Jennifer R. Bromley Peter McInerney Anongpat Suttangkakul Andreia M. Smith‐Moritz Hector Plahar Tsan‐Yu Chiu Susana M. González Fernández‐Niño Berit Ebert Fan Yang Katy M. Christiansen Sara F. Hansen Solomon Stonebloom Paul D. Adams Pamela C. Ronald Nathan J. Hillson Masood Z. Hadi Miguel E. Vega‐Sánchez Dominique Loqué Henrik V. Scheller Joshua L. Heazlewood 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2014,79(3):517-529
The glycosyltransferases (GTs) are an important and functionally diverse family of enzymes involved in glycan and glycoside biosynthesis. Plants have evolved large families of GTs which undertake the array of glycosylation reactions that occur during plant development and growth. Based on the Carbohydrate‐Active enZymes (CAZy) database, the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana codes for over 450 GTs, while the rice genome (Oryza sativa) contains over 600 members. Collectively, GTs from these reference plants can be classified into over 40 distinct GT families. Although these enzymes are involved in many important plant specific processes such as cell‐wall and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, few have been functionally characterized. We have sought to develop a plant GTs clone resource that will enable functional genomic approaches to be undertaken by the plant research community. In total, 403 (88%) of CAZy defined Arabidopsis GTs have been cloned, while 96 (15%) of the GTs coded by rice have been cloned. The collection resulted in the update of a number of Arabidopsis GT gene models. The clones represent full‐length coding sequences without termination codons and are Gateway® compatible. To demonstrate the utility of this JBEI GT Collection, a set of efficient particle bombardment plasmids (pBullet) was also constructed with markers for the endomembrane. The utility of the pBullet collection was demonstrated by localizing all members of the Arabidopsis GT14 family to the Golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Updates to these resources are available at the JBEI GT Collection website http://www.addgene.org/ . 相似文献