垂叶榕隐头果内小蜂群落结构与生境关系的初步研究

垂叶榕(Ficusbenjamina)是一种世界上广泛栽培的绿化树种,但是关于其隐头果内小蜂群落结构的研究国内外很少涉及。我们根据植被覆盖度和干扰程度差异在西双版纳州勐仑镇选择了3块不同的样地,采集垂叶榕隐头果180个,统计其中的榕小蜂种类和数量。结果表明:共鉴定出榕小蜂13种,隶属于膜翅目小蜂总科中的8个属,其中Eupristinakoningsbergeri为传粉榕小蜂,其余12种为非传粉小蜂;3个样地中的小蜂群落多样性指数、丰富度存在显著差异,植被覆盖度高、干扰小的样地内小蜂群落多样性指数、丰富度显著高于其他样地;非传粉小蜂在产卵时更倾向于选择植被覆盖度高、干扰相对小的生境,且非传粉小蜂的存在对传粉榕小蜂的繁殖有着显著的负面影响。     

菘蓝两种外植体愈伤组织诱导研究

为寻找菘蓝愈伤组织诱导的最佳外植体,最佳培养基及愈伤组织继代增殖的最佳培养基,选用叶片和叶柄两种外植体,在添加不同种类植物激素处理组合的培养基上,对不同外植体进行愈伤组织的诱导和继代增殖研究.结果表明叶片比叶柄愈伤组织的诱导能力强,表现为出愈时间早,诱导率高,出愈多且质量好.叶片愈伤组织诱导培养基:MS 6-BA1.0mg/L 2,4-D0.3～0.5mg/L;继代增殖培养基:MS 6-BA0.5mg/L 2,4-D0.3mg/L.因此,采用菘蓝叶片为外植体,能高效的诱导出愈伤组织并能快速增殖.     

Removal of highly elevated nitrate from drinking water by pH-heterogenized heterotrophic denitrification facilitated with ferrous sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification

The performance of acetic acid-supported pH-heterogenized heterotrophic denitrification (HD) facilitated with ferrous sulfide-based autotrophic denitrification (AD) was investigated in upflow activated carbon-packed column reactors for reliable removal of highly elevated nitrate (42 mg NO₃-N l⁻¹) in drinking water. The use of acetic acid as substrate provided sufficient internal carbon dioxide to completely eliminate the need of external pH adjustment for HD, but simultaneously created vertically heterogenized pH varying from 4.8 to 7.8 in the HD reactor. After 5-week acclimation, the HD reactor developed a moderate nitrate removal capacity with about one third of nitrate removal occurring in the acidic zone (pH 4.8–6.2). To increase the treatment reliability, acetic acid-supported HD was operated under 10% carbon limitation to remove >85% of nitrate, and ferrous sulfide-based AD was supplementally operated to remove residual nitrate and formed nitrite without excess of soluble organic carbon, nitrite or sulfate in the final effluent.     

Educational Level,Obesity and Incidence of Diabetes among Chinese Adult Men and Women Aged 18–59 Years Old: An 11-Year Follow-Up Study

Objective

To determine whether educational level and overweight/obesity was associated with the development of diabetes among Chinese adult men and women.

Methods

A cohort (2000–2011) of 10 704 participants aged 18–59 years (8 238 men, 2 466 women) in Qingdao Port Health Study (QPHS) were recruited in this study. The personal lifestyle, height, weight, waist circumference, resting heart rate, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma uric acid were collected annually in a comprehensive health checkup program. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of factors and incidence of diabetes.

Results

During 110 825 person-years of follow-up, 1 056 new onset cases (9.5 per 1 000 person-years) of diabetes were identified. With normal weight as reference, the multiple-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95%CI) of diabetes was 1.69(1.38–2.09) for overweight and 2.24(1.66–3.02) for obesity among men, which was 1.81(1.12–2.92) and 2.58(1.37–4.86) among women, respectively. Compared with the participants with high educational level, those with low educational level had a higher risk of diabetes (multiple-adjusted HR (95%CI): 1.43(1.11–1.86)) among men. The association was not found among women and the adjusted HR (95%CI) of diabetes was 1.56(0.89–2.76). The increased risks of low educational level were independent of mediators among men, through normal weight (P for trend = 0.0313) and overweight (P for trend = 0.0212) group but not obesity group (P for trend = 0.0957).

Conclusion

Baseline overweight/obesity was an independent risk factor for diabetes for both men and women. Low educational level was adversely associated with incidence of diabetes through normal weight, overweight and obesity groups, with the association being substantially attenuated by mediating factors only in the obesity group among men. The association was not found among women.     

Characterization of 18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA in eleven species in Soleidae: implications for phylogenetic analysis

Wildfire is one of the most important global agents of disturbance affecting terrestrial and riparian vegetation. Post-fire vegetation changes can alter stream resource pathways and cause channel reorganization and sediment-laden debris flows. Yet, little is known about macroinvertebrate community recovery following wildfire and debris flows and how these communities fit into the broader stream community mosaic. We examined the effects of wildfire and debris flows on relative resource availability and macroinvertebrate assemblages at 31 streams in Idaho, USA using a space-for-time study design. Wildfire and debris flows had no apparent effects on resource standing crop. However, macroinvertebrate communities among unburned, burned, and debris flow streams were quite different. Compared to unburned streams, biomass and density were higher at streams which experienced debris flows ~ 10 years post fire, but exhibited the near-complete absence of macroinvertebrates at streams with more recent debris flows. Stream macroinvertebrate communities impacted by debris flows were distinct compared to unburned and burned streams which did not experience debris flows. When found, differences in macroinvertebrate biomass, density, richness, and community structures were largely due to the incidence of debris flows. Debris flows removed the riparian vegetation, slowing its recovery, cascading to affect macroinvertebrate community structure into the long term.     

Mucormycosis in Mainland China: A Systematic Review of Case Reports

Mycopathologia - Mucormycosis is a lethal fungal infection with increasing incidence. The epidemiology of mucormycosis in current mainland China has not been fully elucidated. To investigate the...     

Effects of warming and nutrient fluctuation on invader Chromolaena odorata and natives in artificial communities

Plant Ecology - There is increasing evidence that climate change and nutrient fluctuations can affect the invasion of alien plants. However, most studies have been performed in pairwise experiments...     

Retraction Note to: MicroRNA-488 inhibits tongue squamous carcinoma cell invasion and EMT by directly targeting ATF3

Progranulin (PGRN) is an autocrine growth factor that regulates cell proliferation, migration, wound healing, and tissue repair in mammals. Lamprey is the most primitive of the extant vertebrates and is regarded as the survivor of a once flourishing group of paleozoic vertebrates, with a history of more than 500 million years. To date, the evolutionary dynamics and the underlying function of the PGRNs remain largely unclear in lamprey. Here, we screened four genes encoding PGRNs from the genomes of Lethenteron reissneri and Petromyzon marinus, including one long form (named Lr-PGRN-L) and three short forms (named Lr-PGRN-S1, Lr-PGRN-S2, and Lr-PGRN-S3), and performed phylogenetic tree, functional domain, and synteny analyses to identify the evolutionary history of the four Lr-PGRNs. In addition, the expressions of the four Lr-pgrn family genes and the immune response against various pathogenic challenges were also investigated. We found that these genes were widely distributed in various tissues of lamprey and performed a variety of functions. Moreover, our results suggest that Lr-PGRN-S1 induces cell migration and proliferation, and is involved in repair after skin and spinal cord injury under appropriate conditions. Our findings are valuable because they improve the understanding of the evolutionary relationship of vertebrate pgrn genes, as well as providing new insights into the diverse and important roles of Lr-PGRNs.