镉对长江华溪蟹心肌细胞超微结构的影响

应用透射电镜方法,研究了镉在24h内对长江华溪触心肌细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明：注射镉后0.5h,心肌细胞超微结构即出现变化,且随着时间的延长,变化渐趋明显,主要表现在细胞核和线粒体。细胞核核膜肿胀、弥散、最后解体。线粒体嵴部分解体、直至全部解体;线粒体内室部分肿胀、明显肿胀、直至高度肿胀。此外,溶酶体的数量和类型随镉处理时间的延长而增多,肌原纤维出现断裂。     

心脏晶体停搏液和冷血停搏液不同灌注方法对心肌保护的评价

目的：评估二种心脏停搏液不同灌注方法对心肌保护作用。方法：30例双瓣患者随机分为冷晶体停搏液间断灌注组(n=10),冷血停搏液间断灌注组(n=10),冷血停搏液持续灌注组(n=10),观察血浆心肌肌钙蛋白T(CnT)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK—MB)。结果：体外循环后冷晶体停搏液间断灌注组血浆心肌肌钙蛋白T和肌酸激酶、肌酶激酶同工酶较其他2组明显增高;冷血停搏液间断灌注组和冷血停搏液持续灌注组血浆心肌肌钙蛋白T、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶无明显差异。结论：冷血停搏液的心肌保护优于冷晶体停搏液,冷血停搏液间断灌注与持续灌注没有明显差异。     

稀有鮈鲫眼的形态发生研究

详细观察和描述了稀有鮈鲫眼发育的形态变化,并分别对视网膜发育早期神经层、色素上皮层的厚度及眼发育后期视网膜的总厚度进行了测量。结果表明:稀有鲫眼的发生始于神经胚时期形成的眼原基,与两栖、哺乳类动物不同,其眼原基是由间脑向左右伸出的对称外突实体;在尾芽期眼原基向腹侧弯曲、侧向伸长,随后开始内陷,在尾泡期形成视杯。眼原基外层与外胚层紧贴的部分将发育为视杯的内层、神经视网膜,而眼原基其余部分将分化为视杯的外层、视网膜色素层。在尾泡期之后,视网膜色素层停止有丝分裂开始形成色素颗粒,此时视网膜神经层开始分化。视网膜这两层结构在发育早期分化的有序进行可能与早期胚胎头部内空间以及附近的间充质细胞有关。从神经胚期到尾泡期,视网膜色素层厚度由42.3±0.8μm减小到4.8±0.4μm,视网膜神经层厚度从37.1±0.2μm增加到43.7±0.6μm,而从尾鳍期到孵出期视网膜总厚度从42.7±1.2μm逐渐增加到98.3±2.1μm。与所有脊椎动物一样,稀有鲫眼的视网膜分化也是按照由内向外的顺序进行,晶状体、角膜及其他结构在孵出时已基本发育完全。     

Genome-wide identification and characterization of novel microRNAs in seed development of soybean

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important and ubiquitous regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. However, the information about miRNAs population and their regulatory functions involving in soybean seed development remains incomplete. Base on the Dicer-like1-mediated cleavage signals during miRNA processing could be employed for novel miRNA discovery, a genome-wide search for miRNA candidates involved in seed development was carried out. As a result, 17 novel miRNAs, 14 isoforms of miRNA (isomiRs) and 31 previously validated miRNAs were discovered. These novel miRNAs and isomiRs represented tissue-specific expression and the isomiRs showed significantly higher abundance than that of their miRNA counterparts in different tissues. After target prediction and degradome sequencing data-based validation, 13 novel miRNA–target pairs were further identified. Besides, five targets of 22-nt iso-gma-miR393h were found to be triggered to produce secondary trans-acting siRNA (ta-siRNAs). Summarily, our results could expand the repertoire of miRNAs with potentially important functions in soybean.     

典型生境巨菌草根内生固氮菌的群落多样性

【目的】探究不同生境巨菌草内生固氮菌群落组成多样性及其分异规律。【方法】采用高通量测序固氮酶nif H标靶基因方法,研究了我国6个典型地区的巨菌草内生固氮菌群,包括福建闽侯县、新疆墨玉县、内蒙古阿拉善左旗、青海贵德县、甘肃安定区、海南那大镇,结合地理气候因子统计,分析了固氮菌多样性的环境驱动机制。【结果】共获得64122条nif H基因的有效序列,640个OTUs,归属于6个门、10个纲、17个目、24个科、33个属和39个种。不同地区巨菌草中优势内生固氮菌群的种类和丰度存在较大的差异。在门水平上,福州闽侯县、甘肃安定区、新疆墨玉县、内蒙古阿拉善左旗和青海贵德县5个地区的优势菌门均为变形菌门,海南那大镇的优势菌门为变形菌门和蓝藻菌门;属水平上,不同地区巨菌草最优势内生固氮菌类群分别为:福州闽侯县(变形菌门中未定属,80.56%);新疆墨玉县(变形菌门中未定属,33.14%);内蒙古阿拉善左旗(变形菌门中未定属,76.23%);甘肃安定区(α-变形菌纲中的未定属,53.78%);海南那大镇(变形菌门中未定属,38.37%);青海贵德县(变形菌门中未定属,46.12%)。Alpha多样性和Beta多样性分析表明,不同地区巨菌草内生固氮菌群落的多样性存在较大的差异,海南那大镇样本中巨菌草各类内生固氮菌群的多样性及丰富度最高,福建闽侯县样本中巨菌草各类内生固氮菌群的多样性及丰富度最低。典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,年均降雨量和年均气温是影响巨菌草内生固氮菌群变化的主要因素,其次是土壤有机质、土壤全氮和土壤p H。【结论】不同地区巨菌草内生固氮菌群落的组成及丰度存在着较大的差异,海南那大镇巨菌草内生固氮菌群的种类及相对丰度较高,本研究可为巨菌草内生固氮菌群的资源开发及其固氮微生物肥料的菌种选育和生产应用提供理论支持。     

Retracted: Screening of candidate genes and fine mapping of drought tolerance quantitative trait loci on chromosome 4 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress

Due to severe water resource shortage, genetics of and breeding for DT (drought tolerance) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) have become one of the hot research topics. Identification of grain yield QTLs (quantitative trait loci) directly related to the DT trait of rice can provide useful information for breeding new drought‐resistant and water‐saving rice varieties via marker‐assisted selection. A population of 105 advanced BILs (backcross introgression lines) derived from a cross between Zhenshan97B and IRAT109 in Zhenshan97B background were grown under drought stress in a field experiment and phenotypic traits were investigated. The results showed that in the target interval of RM273‐RM255 on chromosome 4, three main‐effect QTLs related to panicle length, panicle number, and spikelet number per panicle were identified (LOD [logarithm of the odds] > 2.0). The panicle length‐related QTL had two loci located in the neighboring intervals of RM17308‐RM17305 and RM17349‐RM17190, which explained 18.80% and 20.42%, respectively, of the phenotypic variation, while the panicle number‐related QTL was identified in the interval of RM1354‐RM17308, explaining 11.47% of the phenotypic variation. As far as the spikelet number per panicle‐related QTL was concerned, it was found to be located in the interval of RM17308‐RM17305, which explained 28.08% of the phenotypic variation. Using the online Plant‐GE query system, a total of 13 matched ESTs (expressed sequence tags) were found in the target region, and of the 13 ESTs, 12 had corresponding predicted genes. For instance, the two ESTs CB096766 and CA765747 were corresponded to the same predicted gene LOC_Os04g46370, while the other four ESTs, CA754286, CB000011, CX056247, and CX056240, were corresponded to the same predicted gene LOC_Os04g46390.     

滇西北香格里拉县大型真菌资源及其利用现状

香格里拉县（中旬县）位于云南省西北部,该区域内地形地貌复杂,海拔高差悬殊,兼有温带和寒温带高山气候类型。该区具有典型的温性、寒温性针叶林和寒温性常绿阔叶林以及针阔混交林,其中有不少是能与大型真菌形成共生关系的树种,如云南松（Pinus yunnanensis Franch．）、高山松（P．densata Mast．）、川滇高山栎（Quercus aquifolioides Rehd．etWils．）、灰背栎（Q．senescens Hand．-Mazz．）以及高山桦（Betula delavayi Franch．）和白桦（B．platyphylla Suk．）等。     

Regulation of MMP-2 expression and activity by β-1,3-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 in AGS gastric cancer cells

β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8(β3Gn-T8) catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc to the non-reducing terminus of the Galβ1-4GlcNAc of tetraantennary N-glycan in vitro. It has been reported to be involved in malignant tumors, but a comprehensive understanding of how the glycolsyltransferase correlates with the invasive potential of human gastric cancer is not currently available. Therefore, we investigated the ability and possible mechanism involved with β3Gn-T8 in modulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in AGS gastric cancer cells. Here, we found out that siRNA-mediated suppression of the β3Gn-T8 could directly reduce the MMP-2 expression and activity as observed in RT-PCR, western blot and gelatin zymography analysis. Meanwhile, TIMP-2 expression had been increased. Cell invasion assay using matrigel matrix-coated transwell inserts showed that the invasive property was greatly suppressed in β3Gn-T8 siRNA transfected cells. Furthermore, cells overexpressing β3Gn-T8 gene (when transfected with pEGFP-C1 plasmid) also expressed MMP-2 gene, but TIMP-2 expression had been inhibited. The invasive ability of these cells was also enhanced. Protein–protein interaction analysis using STRING database showed that β3Gn-T8 and MMP-2 may have related signal pathway. In summary, our results reveal a new mechanism by which β3Gn-T8 can regulate MMP-2 and TIMP-2. We suggest that β3Gn-T8 can be used as a novel therapeutic target for human gastric treatment.     

水稻粒长QTL定位与主效基因的遗传分析

该研究利用短粒普通野生稻矮杆突变体和长粒栽培稻品种KJ01组配杂交组合F_1,构建分离群体F_2;并对该群体粒长进行性状遗传分析,利用平均分布于水稻的12条染色体上的132对多态分子标记对该群体进行QTL定位及主效QTLs遗传分析,为进一步克隆新的主效粒长基因奠定基础,并为水稻粒形育种提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)所构建的水稻杂交组合分离群体F_2的粒长性状为多基因控制的数量性状。(2)对543株F_2分离群体进行QTL连锁分析,构建了控制水稻粒长的连锁遗传图谱,总长为1 713.94 cM,共检测出24个QTLs,只有3个表现为加性遗传效应,其余位点均表现为遗传负效应。(3)检测到的3个主效QTLs分别位于3号染色体的分子标记PSM379～RID24455、RID24455～RM15689和RM571～RM16238之间,且三者对表型的贡献率分别为54.85%、31.02%和7.62%。(4)在标记PSM379～RID24455之间已克隆到的粒长基因为该研究新发现的主效QTL位点。