采收期对青皮核桃果实生理特性与耐贮性的影响

以‘中林5号’(早熟)、‘辽宁4号’(中熟)、‘西扶1号’(中晚熟)青皮核桃果实为试材,于8月上、中、下旬3个采收期采果,在0~1℃冷藏过程中测定贮期生理指标和保鲜效应。结果显示:(1)各采收期和各品种果实呼吸强度(RI)均呈双峰型变化;8月中旬采收的果实呼吸峰出现较早,其纤维素酶(Cx)活性较另2个采收期多1个高峰;多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性增强最早,其贮后核仁酸价上升幅度最大,果实腐烂最快。(2)8月下旬同期采收的3个品种果实的贮期各生理指标变化趋于一致;贮藏54d时,果实腐烂率依次为‘辽宁4号’>‘中林5号’>‘西扶1号’。(3)‘辽宁4号’核仁可溶性蛋白质含量越高,贮后下降率最大。研究表明,青皮核桃果实采后生理代谢活性与耐贮性主要与采收时期有关,受品种影响较小,且8月中旬采收的果实采后生理代谢旺盛,耐贮藏性均最差;‘辽宁4号’果实在各采收期的耐贮性均小于其他品种果实。     

陕西省退耕还林固碳释氧价值分析

利用基于EOS/MODIS的遥感生物地球化学模式(BIOME-BGC)NPP产品(MOD17A3),分析了2000—2010年陕西省退耕还林生态建设工程区植被固碳量时空变化,在此基础上根据林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》(LY/T1721—2008),估算了退耕还林植被固碳释氧服务价值。结果表明:(1)2000—2010年陕西省退耕还林区平均植被固碳密度为299g·m-2·a-1。与2000年相比,2010年陕省退耕还林区固碳量增加了5.37×106t·a-1,合固碳价值14.01亿元·a-1,占全省固碳价值增量的50.4%,而退耕还林区面积仅占全省总面积38.5%。退耕还林区释氧量增加了1.43×107t·a-1,合释氧价值50.53亿元·a-1。(2)研究期间,陕西省退耕还林区固碳密度在波动中逐年缓慢增加,退耕还林区植被固碳密度变化增加趋势比其周边区域显著,固碳密度增加量比其周边高。陕北退耕还林区固碳密度增加的面积占其总面积的99.8%,固碳密度减少的面积仅占0.2%。退耕还林区低固碳密度所占的面积比例逐年减少,中、高固碳密度所占的面积比例逐年增加。(3)退耕还林区主要土地利用类型固碳密度均呈较明显的增长;不同坡度耕地固碳密度均具有不同程度的上升,退耕还林区>25°坡耕地固碳密度极显著(P<0.01)增加。说明随着退耕还林工程的实施,植被覆盖逐步得到改善,同时获得了显著的植被固碳释氧效益。     

华西雨屏区香樟人工林土壤表层细根生物量和碳储量

2010年11月-2011年12月, 研究了华西雨屏区31年生香樟人工林土壤表层(0～30 cm)细根生物量及碳储量.结果表明: 香樟人工林土壤0～30 cm层细根总生物量(活根+死根)和碳储量的平均值分别为1592.29 kg·hm^-2和660.68 kg C·hm^-2,其中活细根贡献率分别为91.1%和91.8%.随着土壤深度的增加,香樟1～5级活细根和死细根的生物量及碳储量均显著减少;随着根序等级的升高,香樟活细根生物量及碳储量显著增加.香樟细根总生物量及碳储量均在秋季最高、冬季最低,死细根生物量及碳储量为冬季最高、夏季最低;1级根和2级根生物量及碳储量均在夏季最高、冬季最低,而3~5级根则为秋季最高、冬季最低.土壤养分和水分的空间异质性是导致细根生物量和碳储量变化的主要原因.     

同时鉴别6种鸡病毒性呼吸道病GeXP检测方法的建立

为了建立一种能够同时鉴别H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感、新城疫、传染性支气管炎和传染性喉气管炎6种鸡病毒性呼吸道传染病病原体的GeXP检测方法,本研究根据这些病原体各自的基因保守序列,设计合成了7对特异性引物,优化反应条件,用单一病毒、混合病毒样品来验证所建立的GeXP方法的特异性和准确性,以不同拷贝数的克隆质粒来检测GeXP方法的灵敏度。检测34份临床阳性样品,进一步验证该法的可靠性。结果显示,在7对引物同时存在的GeXP反应体系中,可特异性地扩增出相关6种病毒目的片段,并可在102拷贝/μL水平同时特异地检测出鸡6种病毒性呼吸道传染病,GeXP方法检测34份临床阳性样品结果与病毒分离一致。本研究建立的GeXP方法不仅可高通量检测6种病原体,而且具有特异性强和灵敏度高的特点,适用于临床样品混合感染的快速鉴别诊断,对这6种发病特征及临床症状相似的鸡病毒性呼吸道病的有效防控有很高的实际应用价值。     

Inhibition of Fe-induced colon oxidative stress by lactobacilli in mice

Iron (Fe) can promote hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and hydroxyl radical generation in the colonic surface and promote growth of Fe-dependent bacteria. Some Lactobacillus strains are resistant to oxygen free-radicals, allowing them to survive in a Fe-modulated mucosal environment and influence colon microbial ecology and redox state. Here, we investigated the capacity of lactobacilli with different antioxidant abilities to modify the bacterial profile and prevent oxidative stress in the colon of Fe-overloaded mice. Survival time of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG (LGG) in the presence of H₂O₂ and hydroxyl radical was significantly longer compared with the mid- and non-antioxidative strains, Lactobacillus paracasei Fn032 and Lactobacillus plantarum Fn001, respectively. Different Lactobacillus strains are specific in free-radical scavenging activities of their cell-free extracts, which increased to varying extent depending on strains when bacteria were exposed to simulated gastric and pancreatic juice. Fe-overloaded mice showed increased colonic luminal ferrous Fe content, Enterococcus and Escherichia coli concentrations, mucosal malondialdehyde and free-radicals, and decreased mucosal total antioxidative capacity and oxidative enzymatic activity. Translocation of endotoxin to the liver was also significantly increased (P < 0.05). Lactobacilli inhibited ferrous Fe accumulation, especially in LGG and Fn032. LGG significantly inhibited the increase of colonic mucosal free-radicals and malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). Fn032 only inhibited malondialdehyde (P < 0.05). LGG and Fn032 significantly inhibited increases in colonic Enterococcus (P < 0.05). Fn001 showed no significant antioxidative ability in vivo. The difference of these effects in vivo were well agreed with scavenging activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS) of simulated gastrointestinals fluid pretreated cells in vitro. In conclusion, ROS scavenging activities was essential for Lactobacillus to prevent oxidative stress in vivo and inhibition of ROS-producing bacterial growth and mucosal barrier injury.     

Patients with Nipple-Areola Paget’s Disease and Underlying Invasive Breast Carcinoma Have Very Poor Survival: A Matched Cohort Study

Paget’s disease (PD) of the breast is a rare disease. The survival rate of PD was reported to depend on the characteristics of the underlying carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and survival rate of PD patients with underlying invasive breast carcinoma (IBC). Fifty-two patients were diagnosed with PD and an associated IBC from 2001 to 2005 in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Twenty-four (46.2%) had no clinical manifestation of PD and were diagnosed unexpectedly by a histologic examination. The 52 patients were all recruited in this study as the PD group. They tended to have greater chances of lymph node involvement (53.8% vs. 35.7%), lower hormone receptor expression (34.6% vs. 69.7%), higher human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (76.9% vs. 21.3%), and worse survival (5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) 52.2% vs. 86.7%, P<0.01; breast cancer-specific overall survival (OS) 62.1% vs. 91.8%, P<0.01) when compared with patients diagnosed with IBC. A matched study was then performed to investigate whether the poor survival of patients in the PD group was due to the unfavorable prognosis of the underlying IBC. One hundred and fifty-six (3∶1 ratio of controls to PD patients) patients diagnosed with IBC only were recruited into the matched group. The match was conducted according to four variables: dimension of IBC, lymph node status, hormone receptor status and HER2 status. The 5-year RFS (52.2% vs. 81.4%, P<0.01) and OS (62.1% vs. 85.9%, P<0.01) were both lower for patients in the PD group than those in the matched group. Patients with PD and underlying IBC had poor survival. Their survival was worse than that of patients with IBC of similar stage and characteristics. For patients with no clinical PD manifestation who were histologically diagnosed as PD, survival might be worse compared to patients with clinically diagnosed PD.     

基于SSR标记的陆地棉早熟相关种质遗传多样性分析

丰富的遗传变异对于提高作物的环境适应性和遗传改良进度至关重要。为了解我国早熟陆地棉种质资源遗传多样性,本研究利用136对SSR引物对186份陆地棉材料(96份早熟陆地棉材料和90份中、晚熟陆地棉材料)进行了遗传多样性分析,共检测到等位基因变异355个,平均2.61个。在早熟棉材料中,有134对多态性SSR引物扩增出341个条带,平均2.54个;中、晚熟材料中有133对多态性SSR引物,扩增出345个条带,平均2.59个。早熟棉材料的位点多态性信息含量(PIC)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、基因型多样性(H')分别为0.684、3.994和1.361;中、晚熟棉材料的PIC、Ne、H'分别为0.668、3.852和1.343。早熟棉材料和中、晚熟棉材料的Jaccard相似性系数分别在0.349~0.935和0.270~0.907之间,平均为0.635、0.666。遗传相似性系数总体平均值接近,但早熟棉变化范围较中、晚熟棉小。用类平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类可将186份材料分成2个类群。总体上来看,供试材料遗传相似性系数较高,说明我国陆地棉早熟相关种质遗传基础狭窄。本研究结果为早熟棉育种亲本选配,早熟棉种质创新提供依据。     

蛙类声音通讯研究进展

声音通讯包含鸣声的产生、传播及对鸣声的感知与行为响应。对大多数无尾两栖类而言,雄性个体间的竞争(即雄雄竞争)、雌性配偶识别与选择几乎完全依赖声音通讯,因此准确及时的声音信息传递与接收对蛙类的生存和繁殖起着决定性作用。本文总结了蛙类鸣叫特征及其产生机制,归纳了声音通讯在蛙类性选择中的功能及协同进化,探讨了鸣声感知的神经机制及声音通讯的内分泌机制。最后对蛙类声音通讯研究方向进行了展望,并提出了可能的解决方案。     

十字花目植物ER body的形成机制及其生物学功能

在长期进化过程中,为了应对外界环境胁迫,植物细胞形成了多种具有特殊功能的内质网衍生结构,其中大部分是物种所特有的,尤其是在十字花目植物中发现的ER body。在ER body上特异性聚积的β-葡萄糖苷酶(PYK10/BGLU21)、NAI2、膜蛋白MEB1/2以及转录因子NAI1在ER body形成过程中起重要作用。ER body主要富集在植物与外界环境相互接触的界面部位,损伤或植物激素处理能够诱导ER body形成。β-葡萄糖苷酶能够产生对害虫入侵具有抵御作用的物质,其活性在细胞破碎时增强。因此,ER body在植物免疫中发挥功能。本文将对十字花目植物(拟南芥)中ER body的形成机制进行阐述,并探讨其生物学功能。     

家蝇溶菌酶MDLZM2基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

对家蝇溶菌酶(Musca domestica lysozyme,MDLZM2)基因进行克隆、序列分析,构建原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中表达。从Gen Bank家蝇基因组中筛选获得MDLZM2基因。以该基因的序列设计引物,进行PCR扩增,测序分析获得该基因完整编码序列。运用生物信息学方法对该基因及其编码蛋白的基本理化性质、信号肽、二级结构、三级结构和保守结构域等方面进行预测和分析。构建p EASY-E1-MDLZM2重组质粒,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)p Lys S Chemically Competent Cell中进行诱导表达及纯化。结果表明MDLZM2基因ORF全长552 bp,编码183个氨基酸,理论分子量21.2 k Da;等电点为6.13,具有Lysozyme家族的蛋白保守结构域。成功构建重组原核表达p EASY-E1-MDLZM2并诱导表达、纯化重组蛋白,为进一步研究该蛋白的生物学及免疫学活性奠定了基础。