不同佐剂对含S+PreS1融合抗原的乙型肝炎病毒颗粒疫苗免疫原性的影响

本研究在前期工作基础上,用CHO细胞表达的含PreS1+S融合抗原的新型基因工程HBV颗粒疫苗(HBSS1)与Al(OH)3、CpG及CpG+Al(OH)3等佐剂配伍,在Balb/C小鼠模型上研究不同佐剂对HBV颗粒疫苗肌肉注射后免疫应答的影响,主要包括抗体滴度、抗体亚型分类及特异性细胞免疫(γ-IFNELISpot检测)。结果表明:CpG佐剂结合HBSS1颗粒疫苗可快速诱导(单针免疫)高水平的抗PreS1及S抗体,IgG2a/IgG1比率1,同时可诱导较高抗原特异的细胞免疫应答;Al(OH)3+CpG双佐剂组一次免疫后可诱导产生最高的抗S抗体滴度(1:105),其产生的抗体亚类包括IgG1、IgG2a与IgG2b;在S抗原N端(13~49aa)存在优势CTL表位。结论:CpG佐剂结合HBSS1颗粒疫苗应是发展新型治疗性乙肝疫苗的较佳选项。     

高通量测序探究啮食聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料黄粉虫的肠道菌群结构

【目的】塑料废物处理是世界环境难题,近期有研究报道黄粉虫可啮食聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料,肠道细菌可能在黄粉虫生物降解塑料的过程中起重要作用。本文以啮食聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的黄粉虫幼虫(Tenebrio molitor)为材料,探究其肠道细菌的多样性和细菌群落组成。【方法】分别以聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(聚苯乙烯组)和纸片(对照组)为唯一食物来源喂养黄粉虫幼虫,在90 d后采集粪便样品,对16S r RNA基因V3-V4区进行PCR扩增和高通量测序,并以PICRUSt进行肠道菌群的功能预测。【结果】饲喂期间,两组黄粉虫均正常存活,部分幼虫完成变态发育。泡沫塑料有明显的减重。样本测序共得到144 258条有效序列,179个OTU,共涉及10个门111个属。其中,聚苯乙烯组黄粉虫的肠道细菌在属水平高丰度的是Alcaligenes(35.9%)、Brevundimonas(12.3%)、Myroides(10.3%)。基于16S r RNA基因序列的功能预测表明,在聚苯乙烯组中,芳香类化合物的降解基因被明显富集。【结论】高通量测序揭示了啮食聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的黄粉虫肠道菌群的多样性,这对从黄粉虫肠道中分离高效降解聚苯乙烯的细菌具有指导意义。     

红豆杉(Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.)化学成分研究(简报)

自七十年代发现了紫杉醇（taxol）独特的抗癌机制一促进微管蛋白聚合、抑制微管蛋白解聚后,紫杉醇及其类似物紫杉烷类二该化合物的资源调查和化学研究倍受重视。紫杉醇主要存在于红豆杉科的大多数植物中,红豆杉科（Taxaceae）红豆杉属（TaxuS）植物全球大约有11种,我国有4种和1个变种。我们从采自湖北神农架的红豆杉（Tchinens周树皮中分离得到8个结晶性物质,本文报道其中已鉴定的3个成分,即taxinineJ（l）,ldiydroxybaccatinl（2）和taxol（3）。据文献报道,已经从红豆杉分离得到二十多种紫杉烷类化合物l'l,而我们分离得到的1和2…     

圈养雄獐领域行为和粪便睾酮水平变化的关系

2011年8月到2012年4月间,在上海市浦东新区华夏公园獐重引入试点,采用目标取样、扫描取样和全事件记录法,对圈养条件下6只成体雄獐(Hydropotes inermis)的6种领域行为进行观察,并利用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定雄獐粪便中的睾酮水平变化.结果表明,雄獐的许多领域行为发生频次表现出明显的月间变化,包括打斗、威胁、取代、追逐和粪尿标记;擦额标记行为频次虽月间差异不显著,但与其他领域行为一样在11月份出现频次峰值.发情期(2011年10月～2012年1月)和非发情期(2011年9月、2012年2～4月),打斗、威胁、粪尿标记和擦额标记行为发生频次差异显著;取代和追逐行为频次差异不显著.6种领域行为的发生频次均在发情期明显高于非发情期.粪便睾酮含量在发情期和非发情期差异显著,发情期明显高于非发情期,其含量在12月份达到峰值(51.16±9.85) ng/g.雄獐的威胁、擦额标记、粪尿标记和打斗行为发生频次与睾酮水平呈显著的正相关性,而取代和追逐行为与睾酮水平变化不具有显著相关性.     

利用周期分析法预测稻纵卷叶螟的发生程度

根据化州市早稻稻纵卷叶螟CnaphalocrocismedinalisGuenee主害代的历年发生程度资料 ,采用方差分析方法寻找其显著周期 ,并提取其周期数组 ,重复这一过程 ,直到没有显著周期时为止 ,共提取出2个显著周期的周期数组。将这些周期数组外延和叠加后 ,进行拟合检验 ,结果表明 ,周期分析方法适用于拟合并预测化州市稻纵卷叶螟发生的年变化情况。于是对该市早稻稻纵卷叶螟发生程度进行了多年预测 ,其中最初 3年的预测结果已得到证实 ,表明用周期分析方法进行预测是可行的     

The altered activity of complex III may contribute to the high penetrance of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in a Chinese family carrying the ND4 G11778A mutation

The ND4 G11778A mutation is the most common mitochondrial DNA mutation leading to Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Despite considerable clinical evidences, the modifier role of nuclear background and mitochondrial haplotypes in phenotypic manifestation of LHON remains poorly understood. We investigated the effect of these modifiers on bioenergetics in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from five affected subjects of one Chinese family carrying the G11778A mutation and five Chinese controls. Significant reductions in the activities of complexes I and III were observed in mutant cell lines from the Chinese family, whereas the mutant cell lines from other families carrying the same mutation exhibited only reduced activity of complex I. The reduced activities of complexes I and III caused remarkably higher reductions of ATP synthesis in mutant cell lines from the Chinese family than those from other families. The deficient respiration increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The defect in complex III activity, likely resulting from the mitochondrial haplotype or nuclear gene alteration, worsens mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the G11778A mutation, thereby causing extremely high penetrance and expressivity of optic neuropathy in this Chinese family. Our data provide the first experimental evidence that altered activity of complex III modulates the phenotypic manifestation of LHON-associated G11778A mutation. Thus, our findings may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of LHON.     

鄱阳湖水生维管束植物生物量及其合理开发利用的初步建议

用4种不同的计算方法测定了鄱阳湖水生维管束植物的生物量。根据22个断面,199个采集点,398个样方的测定结果,得出鄱阳湖水生维管束植物的年生产量为431.76万吨(湿重),即相当于5.44×10~(-15)焦耳(能量)。其中,马来眼子菜、苦草和黑藻等3种合计约占总生物量的71.46%。全湖可供草食性鱼类食用的水生维管束植物约占总量的86.9%。文中还对4个植物带和9个群丛生物量的分布规律进行了讨论。提出了人工增殖草食性鱼类,调整湖中植被组成,保护和种植水生经济植物等合理开发利用鄱阳湖水生植物资源的初步建议。     

糖蜜酒精废液厌氧生物降解性能的BMP分析

在中温条件下,对pH值和营养比例两个影响因素进行了糖蜜酒精废液的BMP分析,探讨酒精废液在厌氧消化过程中产甲烷量、COD浓度的变化情况,以及COD去除率与产气量、pH值之间的关系。研究结果表明,厌氧处理法能够使糖蜜酒精废液的有机负荷大大降低,CODcr去除率最高可达90．6％;在调节营养比例的条件下,pH=8．5时甲烷菌活性最佳,其中COD．P=300：1的产甲烷量最高。     

New mechanism of nerve injury in Alzheimer’s disease: β‐amyloid‐induced neuronal pyroptosis

The present study was designed to investigate the role of β‐amyloid (Aβ_1‐42) in inducing neuronal pyroptosis and its mechanism. Mice cortical neurons (MCNs) were used in this study, LPS + Nigericin was used to induce pyroptosis in MCNs (positive control group), and Aβ_1‐42 was used to interfere with MCNs. In addition, propidium iodide (PI) staining was used to examine cell permeability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay was employed to detect cytotoxicity, immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to investigate the expression level of the key protein GSDMD, Western blot was performed to detect the expression levels of key proteins, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to determine the expression levels of inflammatory factors in culture medium, including IL‐1β, IL‐18 and TNF‐α. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence the mRNA expression of caspase‐1 and GSDMD, and Aβ_1‐42 was used to induce pyroptosis, followed by investigation of the role of caspase‐1‐mediated GSDMD cleavage in pyroptosis. In addition, necrosulfonamide (NSA), an inhibitor of GSDMD oligomerization, was used for pre‐treatment, and Aβ_1‐42 was subsequently used to observe the pyroptosis in MCNs. Finally, AAV9‐siRNA‐caspase‐1 was injected into the tail vein of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice (Alzheimer's disease mice) for caspase‐1 mRNA inhibition, followed by observation of behavioural changes in mice and measurement of the expression of inflammatory factors and pyroptosis‐related protein. As results, Aβ_1‐42 could induce pyroptosis in MCNs, increase cell permeability and enhance LDH release, which were similar to the LPS + Nigericin‐induced pyroptosis. Meanwhile, the expression levels of cellular GSDMD and p30‐GSDMD were up‐regulated, the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD‐cleaved protein caspase‐1 were up‐regulated, and the levels of inflammatory factors in the medium were also up‐regulated. siRNA intervention in caspase‐1 or GSDMD inhibited Aβ_1‐42‐induced pyroptosis, and NSA pre‐treatment also caused the similar inhibitory effects. The behavioural ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice was relieved after the injection of AAV9‐siRNA‐caspase‐1, and the expression of pyroptosis‐related protein in the cortex and hippocampus was down‐regulated. In conclusion, Aβ_1‐42 could induce pyroptosis by GSDMD protein, and NLRP3‐caspase‐1 signalling was an important signal to mediate GSDMD cleavage, which plays an important role in Aβ_1‐42‐induced pyroptosis in neurons. Therefore, GSDMD is expected to be a novel therapeutic target for AD.     

Synthesis of cluster mannosides via a Ugi four-component reaction and their inhibition against the binding of yeast mannan to concanavalin A

The Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR) was utilized to prepare divalent and trivalent cluster mannosides with different scaffolds. The glycoclusters obtained were tested for their relative inhibitory potency against the binding of yeast mannan to concanavalin A by solid-phase enzyme-linked lectin assays (ELLA) using methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside as a standard. Among them, a divalent mannoside containing aromatic groups showed the strongest binding affinity to concanavalin A.