凡纳滨对虾饲料中酵母水解物替代鱼粉适宜比例的研究

试验添加酵母水解物替代不同比例鱼粉, 添加量分别为0(对照组)、2.5%、5.0%、7.5%、10%和12.5%,替代鱼粉的比例分别为0、8%、16%、24%、32%和40%, 通过评估生长性能、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性等指标评价酵母水解物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾健康生长的影响。选择健康凡纳滨对虾[初重(0.630.01) g]随机分为6组, 每组3个重复, 养殖8周。结果表明, Y2.5和Y5.0处理组对虾增重率和特定生长率与Y0相比差异不显著(P0.05), 但是显著高于其余各组(P0.05), Y2.5组饲料系数和Y0组相比差异不显著, 显著低于其余各组(P0.05); Y5.0组肝胰腺糜蛋白酶和Y0组相比差异不显著(P0.05), 显著高于其余各组(P0.05); Y2.5和Y7.5组胰蛋白酶和Y0组相比差异不显著, 但是显著高于其余各组(P0.05); Y2.5组与Y5.0酚氧化酶活性显著高于其余各组(P0.05), Y2.5组与Y7.5组和Y0组总一氧化氮合酶活性显著高于其余各组(P0.05), Y5.0组和Y7.5组血清溶菌酶活性显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。以增重率为判据, 经二次曲线拟合得出, 获得最大增重率时酵母水解物添加量为1.62%, 替代鱼粉比例为5.19%; 酵母水解物替代鱼粉比例达24%时不会对增重率产生显著影响。     

香蕉MaASR1基因的抗干旱作用

ASR(ABA, stress, ripening induced protein)是一类响应植物干旱胁迫的关键转录因子, 在许多植物中已有报道, 然而尚未见香蕉(Musa acuminata)中ASR与抗旱作用的相关研究。该实验从香蕉果实cDNA文库中筛选出1个ASR基因, 即MaASR1(登录号为AY628102)。干旱胁迫下, 该基因在叶片中的表达量高于根部。将MaASR1转入拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana), Southern检测确定了两株独立表达的转基因株系(命名为L14和L38)。表型观察发现, 此两转基因株系的叶片变小且变厚; Northern和Western检测结果表明, MaASR1在L14和L38中表达。控水处理后, L14和L38的存活率及脯氨酸含量均高于野生型。经干旱胁迫和外源ABA处理后, 对MaASR1转基因株系中ABA/胁迫响应基因的表达分析, 发现MaASR1可增强转基因株系对ABA信号的敏感度, 但不能增强植株依赖于ABA途径的抗旱性。     

胰高血糖素样肽1:阿尔茨海默病治疗新策略

2型糖尿病(type2diabetes mellitus,T2DM)与阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的病理生理过程具有密切的相关性。人们正在逐步深入研究治疗T2DM的最新药物——胰高血糖素样肽1(glucagon-likepe ptide1,GLP-1)的神经保护作用,并大胆地提出了利用GLP-1治疗AD的设想。本文对T2DM与AD的发病相关性、GLP-1的合成与分泌、GLP-1受体的中枢分布及其生理效应,特别是GLP-1与AD治疗策略相关的研究进展作一综述。     

丙型肝炎病毒高变区1模拟表位的交叉反应性分析

研究丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)高变区1(Hypervariable region 1,HVR1)抗原表位的交叉反应性,获取高反应性的抗原表位.设计并合成5种HVR1模拟表位基因,构建编码HVR1模拟表位的表达载体,表达并纯化表位蛋白.ELISA法检测表位蛋白与35份HCV抗体阳性血清的交叉反应性.包装HCV假病毒(HCV pseudotype particles,HCVpp),评价表位蛋白免疫BALB/c鼠血清在假病毒感染Huh7.5细胞中的作用.结果表明,表达纯化的5种表位蛋白(P1、P2、P5、P6、P8)均可与HCV抗体阳性血清反应,阳性反应率分别为54.3%(P1)、62.9%(P2)、80%(P5)、68.6%(P6)、54.3%(P8).表位蛋白P6、P8免疫BALB/c鼠血清对HCV假病毒感染Huh7.5细胞具明显的抑制作用.结果提示,选取的HVR1模拟表位在HCV感染免疫与疫苗研制中可能具有潜在的价值.     

用PO4细胞为靶细胞检测人血清中Epstein-Barr病毒IgA/MA抗体以诊断鼻咽癌

近年来,常用未经丙酮固定的、由丁酸和巴豆油激活的B95-8细胞或P3HR-1细胞为靶细胞,检测人血清中EB病毒IgA/MA抗体以早期诊断鼻咽癌,效果良好。但由于B95-8细胞含有多种EB病毒抗原,不能用丙酮固定,需多次离心沉淀,在浮悬状态下检测,技术比较复杂。     

纯化膜蛋白质复合体Cytb6f的新方法

建立了纯化光合膜蛋白质复合体Ｃｙｔｂ６ｆ的新方法。与现有方法相比,新方法简单明了,只包括透析离心和用硫酸铵分级沉淀两个步骤,而且适于大批量制备。按此方法从菠菜叶绿体分离纯化的制剂含９．８ｎｍｏｌＣｙｔｆ·ｍｇ－１;ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ显示４条主要区带及１条低分子量区带,背景干净;Ｃｙｔｂ６（ｂ型血红素）∶Ｃｙｔｆ＝２∶１（ｍｏｌ∶ｍｏｌ）,Ｃｈｌａ∶Ｃｙｔｆ＝１∶１（ｍｏｌ∶ｍｏｌ）;酶活性（ＰＱ２Ｈ２→Ｃｙｔｃ）８０μｍｏｌＣｙｔｃ·ｎｍｏｌＣｙｔｆ－１·ｈ－１左右;产率可达３８％。     

通过快速荧光动力学曲线探测白黄瓜光系统Ⅱ的热激胁迫效应

以耐热性较强的短粗型白黄瓜和长棒型白黄瓜为试材,并以耐热性较差的‘新泰密刺'和耐热性较强的‘津春4号'为对照品种,经热激胁迫后采用植物效率仪PEA测试,进行光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学分析(JIP-test)及其热稳定性的热力学分析.随着热激胁迫温度的升高(在30～57 ℃下5 min),表现为PSⅡ的最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、单位面积的光合机构含有的反应中心数目RC/CSo、放氧复合体活性ρk呈"S"型下降趋势;单位反应中心以热能形式耗散的能量DIo/RC呈"S"型上升趋势.综合分析反映出热激胁迫下PSⅡ反应中心的可逆失活、放氧复合体(OEC)的钝化和热耗散的三重机制在保护PSⅡ防止光抑制中起到重要作用.热激胁迫温度超过30 ℃时ρk就开始下降;超过40 ℃时RC/CSo开始下降;超过44 ℃以上,PSⅡ热耗散能力DIo/RC才表现出增加;超过51℃时,会加重耐热性较差的新泰密刺品种PSⅡ热耗散机构对PSⅡ保护的负担.通过标准状态变性自由能变ΔGD计算的变性中点温度Tm表明,PSⅡ蛋白复合体的热稳定性优于PSⅡ反应中心复合体热的稳定性和放氧复合体(OEC)的热稳定性.对于Fv/Fm、RC/CSo、和ρk的Tm均呈现出津春4号耐热性较强,新泰密刺耐热性较差,长棒型白黄瓜和短粗型白黄瓜耐热性居中.     

BMP2/7 heterodimer enhances osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs via ERK signaling compared with respective homodimers

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2/7 heterodimer shows greater efficacy in enhancing bone regeneration. However, the precise mechanism and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling network in BMP2/7-driven osteogenesis remain ambiguous. In this study, we evaluated the effects of BMP2/7 heterodimers on osteoblastic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), with the aim to elaborate how MAPKs might be involved in this cellular process by treatment of rat BMSCs with BMP2/-7 with a special signal-pathway inhibitor. We found that BMP2/7 heterodimer induced a much stronger osteogenic response in rat BMSCs compared with either homodimer. Most interestingly, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) demonstrated a highly sustained phosphorylation and activation in the BMP2/7 heterodimer treatment groups, and inhibition of ERK cascades using U0126 special inhibitor that significantly reduced the activity of ALP and calcium mineralization to a substantial degree in rat BMSCs treated with BMP2/7 heterodimers. Collectively, we demonstrate that BMP2/7 heterodimer shows a potent ability to stimulate osteogenesis in rat BMSCs. The activated ERK signaling pathway involved in this process may contribute partially to an increased osteogenic potency of heterodimeric BMP2/7 growth factors.     

Proteomic Analysis Reveals that Odoroside A Triggers G2/M Arrest and Apoptosis in Colorectal Carcinoma Through ROS‐p53 Pathway

Odoroside A (OA) is an active ingredient extracted from the leaves of Nerium oleander Linn. (Apocynaceae). This study aims to examine the anticancer bioactivity of OA against CRC cells and to investigate the action mechanisms involved. As a result, OA can significantly inhibit cellular ability and induce apoptosis of CRC cells in a concentration‐dependent manner without any obvious cytotoxicity in normal colorectal epithelial cells. Then, quantitative proteomics combined with bioinformatics is adopted to investigate the alterations of proteins and signaling pathways in response to OA treatment. As suggested by the proteomic analysis, flow cytometry and Western blotting analyses validate that exposure of CRC cells to OA causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, accompanied with the activation of the ROS/p53 signaling pathway. This observation demonstrates that OA, as a natural product, can induce oxidative stress to suppress tumor cell growth, implicating a novel therapeutic agent against CRC without obvious side effects.