白念珠菌铁通透酶基因CaFTH1的功能研究

[目的]白念珠菌CaFTH1是一种铁通透酶编码基因.为了研究CaFTH1对胞内铁代谢和液泡功能的影响,构建fth1△/△单基因缺失菌株和fth1△/△fet33△/△双基因缺失菌株.[方法]利用生物信息学软件对CaFTH1进行序列比对和分析;通过实时荧光定量PCR技术研究铁离子丰度对CaFTH1表达的影响;利用PCR介导的同源重组方法构建基因缺失菌株;利用原子吸收光谱方法测定基因缺失菌株胞内铁含量的变化,并对基因缺失菌株在缺铁条件和菌丝诱导条件下的生长状况进行研究;通过代谢转换实验,研究CaFTH1对细胞液泡功能的影响.[结果]序列比对结果表明白念珠菌CaFth1蛋白属于铁通透酶Ftr1超家族,与酿酒酵母液泡膜蛋白ScFth1具有最高的同源性.铁匮乏条件会诱导CaFTH1的表达,而富铁条件则会抑制其表达.白念珠菌CaFTH1的缺失会导致胞内铁含量的降低,fth1△/△突变菌株基础上CaFET33的缺失则会进一步降低胞内铁含量.在缺铁条件下,fth1△/△fet33△/△双基因缺失菌株在一定程度上表现出代谢转换能力的缺陷.另外,在某些固体菌丝诱导培养条件下,fth1△/△fet33△/△缺失菌株菌落表面形成褶皱能力显著增强;而在液体菌丝诱导条件下,则表现为增强的菌丝聚集能力.[结论]CaFTH1是一种低铁应答基因,在维持白念珠菌胞内铁离子稳态及液泡功能方面具有重要作用.CaFTH1和CaFET33基因的双缺失会对白念珠菌的菌落形态和菌丝聚集产生影响.     

稻飞虱天敌螯蜂研究进展

稻飞虱（褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens、白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera、灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus）是世界性重要的水稻Oryza sativa L.害虫之一,给水稻生产造成了重大经济损失。化学防治一直是控制稻飞虱的主要途径,但长期使用化学药剂使稻飞虱产生抗药性,并引起害虫增殖等诸多弊端,迫切需要有效的生物防控手段进行控害。螯蜂是稻飞虱若虫和成虫期重要天敌,兼具捕食与寄生的双重习性,在控制稻飞虱种群数量方面发挥着重要的作用,然而,国内外有关螯蜂的研究报道仍然偏少。本文综述了我国稻飞虱天敌螯蜂常见种类、生物学特性、控害效果及其影响因子,分析了存在的问题,旨在为进一步开发利用螯蜂资源提供参考。     

Sensing and Transmitting Intracellular Amino Acid Signals through Reversible Lysine Aminoacylations

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Lithium Treatment Prevents Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Hippocampus Resulting from Sevoflurane Exposure

We aimed to observe the therapeutic effects of lithium on inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane-induced apoptosis in immature brain hippocampus. From postnatal day 5 (P5) to P28, male Sprague–Dawley pups were intraperitoneally injected with lithium chloride or 0.9 % sodium chloride. On P7 after the injection, pups were exposed to 2.3 % sevoflurane or air for 6 h. Brain tissues were harvested 12 h and 3 weeks after exposure. Cleaved caspase-3, nNOS protein, GSK-3β,p-GSK-3β were assessed by Western blot, and histopathological changes were assessed using Nissl stain and TUNEL stain. From P28, we used the eight-arm radial maze test and step-through test to evaluate the influence of sevoflurane exposure on the learning and memory of juvenile rats. The results showed that neonatal sevoflurane exposure induced caspase-3 activation and histopathological changes in hippocampus can be attenuated by lithium chloride. Sevoflurane increased GSK-3β activity while pretreatment of lithium decreased GSK-3β activity. Moreover, sevoflurane showed possibly slight but temporal influence on the spatial learning and the memory of juvenile rats, and chronic use of lithium chloride might have the therapeutic effect. Our current study suggests that lithium attenuates sevoflurane induced neonatal hippocampual damage by GSK-3β pathway and might improve learning and memory deficits in rats after neonatal exposure.     

河南省鸡公山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物1994-2014年间的变化

以河南省鸡公山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物为研究对象,对该地区1994 -2014年间外来入侵植物的变化进行了研究。结果显示,1951 -2010年信阳市每5年的平均温度明显上升、降水量年际间的波动较大;1994 -2014年的20年间,该保护区外来入侵植物从49种增加到60种,增长了22.4%,增加的11种外来入侵植物分别为:菊科4种,豆科2种,苋科、十字花科、大戟科、酢浆草科和雨久花科各1种;该保护区外来入侵植物主要来源于美洲、欧洲、亚洲和非洲,1994 -2014年间来自美洲的入侵植物共33种(其中新增加的有6种),占2014年外来入侵物种的50.0%以上;从生活型来看,外来入侵植物主要为陆生植物,占总数的95%以上,其中,一年生植物>一、二年生植物>多年生草本植物;从入侵途径来看,有意引进>无意引入>自然扩散;新增的入侵植物以种子作为主要繁殖方式的有9种。因此,对该保护区生物多样性保护和引种过程中,要加强对来自美洲的以种子作为主要繁殖方式的陆生草本植物的入侵风险进行监控和管理。     

Resveratrol inhibits the expression of SREBP1 in cell model of steatosis via Sirt1–FOXO1 signaling pathway

Recent studies in mice have shown that resveratrol can protect the liver from fat accumulation induced by high fat diet. However, the exact mechanism is largely unknown. To explore the possible mechanism, we investigated the anti-lipogenic effect of resveratrol in vitro model. Oil Red O staining revealed that resveratrol could significantly ameliorate the excessive triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells induced by palmitate. The results of RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that resveratrol upregulated the expression of Sirt1 and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), whereas downregulated the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein1 (SREBP1). Moreover, resveratrol was shown to inhibit the activity of SREBP1, as evaluated by immunofluorescence assay. Our results suggest that resveratrol may attenuate fat deposition by inhibiting SREBP1 expression via Sirt1–FOXO1 pathway and thus may have application for the treatment of NAFLD.     

热量限制与心血管老化的研究进展

热量限制(caloric restriction,CR)是指在不减少必需营养素摄入的情况下减少20%～40%的热量摄入. CR可通过由各种分子介导的氧化应激、炎症、程序性死亡、端粒体等机制,通过调节人及其他动物心血管老化的危险因素,进而减缓生理和病理状态下心血管老化进程.本文通过对CR与心血管老化研究进展的系统阐述,探寻人类预防心血管老化的解决之道.