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981.
During the development of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), motoneurons grow to the muscle cell and the nerve–muscle contact triggers the development of both presynaptic specialization, consisting of clusters of synaptic vesicles (SVs), and postsynaptic specialization, consisting of clusters of synaptic vesicles (SVs), and postsynaptic specialization, consisting of clusters of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Previous studies have shown that the activation of tyrosine kinases and the local assembly of an actin-based cytoskeletal specialization are involved in the development of both types of specializations. To understand the link between tyrosine phosphorylation and the assembly of the cytoskeleton, we examined the localization of cortactin in relationship to synaptic development. Cortactin is a 80/85 kD F-actin binding protein and is a substrate for tyrosine kinases. It contains a proline-rich motif and an SH3 domain and is localized at sites of active F-actin assembly. Using a monoclonal antibody against cortactin, its localization at developing NMJs in culture was observed. To understand the spatial and temporal relationship between cortactin and developing synaptic structures, cultured muscle cells and spinal neurons from Xenopus embryos were treated with beads coated with heparin-binding growth-associated molecule to induce the formation of AChR clusters and SV clusters and the localization of cortactin was followed by immunofluorescence. In untreated muscle cells, cortactin is often co-localized with spontaneously formed AChR clusters. After cells were treated with beads, cortactin became localized at bead-induced AChR clusters at their earliest appearance (1 h after the addition of beads). This association was most reliably detected at the early stage of the clustering process. On the presynaptic side, cortactin localization could be detected as early as 10 min after the bead-neurite contact was established. Cortactin-enriched contacts later showed concentration of F-actin (at 1 h) and clusters of SVs (at 24 h). These data suggest that cortactin mediates the local assembly of the cytoskeletal specialization triggered by the synaptogenic signal on both nerve and muscle. 相似文献
982.
Bradley J. Berger Matthew Suskin Wei Wei Dai Anthony Cerami Peter Ulrich 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1997,691(2):89
A method utilising solid-phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed to quantify novel arylene bis(methylketone) chemotherapeutics present in biological samples. The samples are extracted over cyanopropylsilane solid-phase extraction cartridges using 10 mM heptanesulfonate-10 mM tetramethylammonium chloride-4.2 mM H3PO4-95% CH3CN as the eluent. Analytical chromatography utilises a diisopropyl-C8 reversed-phase column and a 7.5–45% CH3CN gradient in 10 mM heptanesulfonate-10 mM tetramethylammonium chloride-4.2 mM H3PO4-H2O. Detection was by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 300 or 240 nm. The linear response of the assay was found to extend from at least 100 μg/ml down to 97.66 ng/ml for a 100 μl injection. The assay system was utilised to determine the plasma kinetics of the compounds in mice, where all the drugs were found to display rapid absorption and elimination following intraperitoneal dosing. In vitro and in vivo studies of metabolism demonstrated that each of the compounds produced several metabolites, and that this conversion could be extensive in vivo. 相似文献
983.
椴树阔叶红松林群落主要树种径级结构研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
椴树阔叶红松林群落主要树种径级结构研究孙伟中代力民章一平(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)StudyofDiameterBreastHighStructureoftheMainTreesinTiliaBroadleavedKoreanP... 相似文献
984.
985.
林下人参生理特性和生长与林内生态因子的关系 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
结合模拟试验,对林下人参的生理活动及生长过程与林内生态因子的关系进行 了观测研究.结果表明,林内光照、水分、温度等因子与林下人参生长的关系极为密切.一 般林内光照在中等条件下,即相对光照在10~35%左右.林分郁闭度约0.6~0.8,土壤含 水量在 35~40%时人参生长最好;林下人参的物候进程及生长与温度的关系密切.林内 温度在5℃左右人参芽胞开始萌动,15℃左右地上茎高生长进入速生期,6月上旬生长停 止.因此,人为调节各种生态因子在适宜的范围内有利于林下人参的生长. 相似文献
986.
本文介绍一种碱性磷酸酶标A蛋白加强的PAP技术。采用PAP技术、碱性磷酸酶标A蛋白(PAAP)技术PAAP和加强的PAP(PAP-PAAP)技术显示下丘脑室旁核催产素(OT)能神经元。结果发现,其中使用PAP-PAAP技术免疫反应产物的显色最深。此技术的原理可能是,由于A蛋白分子至少有四个位点能与IgG分子的Fc段高亲合性地结合,故在该技术中,先经过PAP程序的三步免疫反应并显色后,每个与一抗结合的二抗分子上和每个与二抗结合的PAP复合物分子上各暴露一个能与A蛋白分子结合的Fc段,在随后经过PAAP技术处理时,部分PAAP复合物分子就结合在这些Fc段上,经显色后,PAAP技术显示的浅紫兰色与PAP技术显示的浅棕褐色重叠,变成更深的反差明显的深棕褐色。 相似文献
987.
988.
Sugars like glucose and fructose induce death of yeast cells within a few hours, in the absence of additional nutrients to support growth, while cells incubated in water remain viable for weeks. This sugar-induced cell death (SICD) by glucose and fructose required glucose or fructose phosphorylation since yeast cells deficient in hexose phosphorylation did not die. However, when hexose phosphorylation is restored by complementation with Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase, the cells died. The affinity of A. thaliana hexokinase is about 400 times higher for glucose than for fructose, therefore, A. thaliana hexokinase was further utilized to study the role of hexose phosphorylation in SICD. The rate of SICD of hexokinase-deficient yeast cells expressing A. thaliana hexokinase was significantly slower in fructose than in glucose, indicating that SICD is determined by the rate of hexose phosphorylation. The significance of hexose phosphorylation and its role in SICD is discussed. 相似文献
989.
Abstract. We investigated the effect of topography‐related environmental factors (i.e., ground‐surface stability and soil moisture) on seedling establishment of 8 deciduous tree species. A field experiment was carried out using canopy species, which were classified into 3 groups based on the spatial distribution of adult trees (ridge, slope and valley). Demographic parameters were compared among species during the early stage of seedling establishment among 3 topographic positions in combination with gap and canopy conditions. The percentage of emerging seedlings tended to be lower on the ridge irrespective of the adult topographical distribution patterns. There was no clear trend in seedling emergence among the species groups classified by their spatial distribution. Seedling survival during 2 growing seasons was significantly different among species, topographic positions and light conditions. On the ridge, seedlings of the species dominating ridge tops had greater survival than those of other species, probably due to differences in demand for soil moisture. On the slope, frequent physical damage caused by surface material movement was observed and some species showed greater adaptability to the disturbed slope habitat. Survival of all seedlings was highest in the valley plots. Light conditions were the critical factor for seedling survival in some species. The results of this study suggest that topography creates diverse habitats for the establishment of tree seedlings. In addition to soil moisture, surface material movement may be a significant factor affecting seedling establishment. 相似文献
990.
Sheng Zhou Ling Yu Min Xiong Guo Dai 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2018,495(2):1822-1832
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor and has a high fatality rate in children and adolescents. Recently, an increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated that lncRNAs have crucial roles in regulating biological characteristics in malignant tumors. Therefore, this research was carried out to uncover the biological function and the potential molecular mechanism of SNHG12 in osteosarcoma. In this study, we found that SNHG12 was significantly upregulated in both osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines and osteosarcoma patients with high levels of SNHG12 tended to have a poor prognosis. We evaluated the biological function of SNHG12 in 143B and U2OS cells and show that the downregulation of SNHG12 suppressed cell proliferation by blocking cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase and weakened cell invasion and migration abilities. Dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays were conducted to confirm that SNHG12 functioned as a ceRNA, modulating the expression of Notch2 by sponging miR-195-5p in osteosarcoma. We further demonstrate that Notch2 played a crucial role in activating the Notch signaling pathway. In conclusion, SNHG12 might serve as a valuable biomarker and prognosis factor in osteosarcoma patients. The SNHG12/miR-195-5p/Notch2-Notch signaling pathway axis might become a novel therapeutic for osteosarcoma. 相似文献