基于遥感信息的黄土高原主要灌溉农业分布区生态安全特征

生态安全是区域经济社会可持续发展的重要保证。本研究基于2000—2018年间的遥感数据,系统分析了黄土高原4个主要灌溉农业分布区(银川平原、河套平原、汾河谷地和渭河平原)植被覆盖度(FVC)和遥感生态指数(RSEI)的变化特征。结果表明: 2000—2018年间,研究区FVC整体呈下降趋势,但4个不同灌溉农业分布区FVC变化趋势各异。研究区RSEI整体呈下降趋势,其中,银川平原和渭河平原的RSEI下降明显,分别下降0.06和0.07,河套平原的RSEI无明显变化,而汾河谷地的RSEI整体呈上升趋势。4个区域中,银川平原、汾河谷地的生态稳定性较差,河套平原的生态环境较稳定,而渭河平原的生态环境持续退化。研究结果对区域生态环境保护和农业可持续发展具有重要意义。     

旅游干扰下水质对大鲵繁殖行为与繁殖力的影响

通过控制大鲵仿生态繁育池进水量模拟旅游干扰下的水质溶解氧特征,采用红外数字监控系统研究大鲵繁殖行为(产卵与护卵)及繁殖力(相对产卵量、受精率与孵化率)特点,分析它们与水质的关系,探讨旅游干扰导致的水质变化对大鲵繁殖行为及繁殖力的影响。结果表明: 与对照组相比,旅游干扰下大鲵的产卵行为与繁殖力未受到显著影响,但雄鲵护卵行为中的扇尾与搅动时间显著延长,以提高水中溶解氧浓度,满足大鲵胚胎发育需求;此外,旅游干扰下受精卵的孵化时间显著延长,但孵化率未受到显著影响。雄鲵护卵行为变化与受精卵孵化时间延长可能是大鲵对旅游干扰导致的水质变化的一种主动响应。     

基于地理探测器的中国农业生态效率时空分异及其影响因素

研究农业生态效率的时空分异及其影响因素对实现中国农业生态高质量发展具有重要意义。基于2000—2018年中国30个省/区/市的面板数据,采用超效率SBM模型测算省际农业生态效率,在时间序列、空间可视化及趋势面分析揭示农业生态效率时空演变规律的基础上,进一步利用地理探测器模型识别影响农业生态效率空间分异的主导因子及其交互作用。结果表明: 2000—2018年,中国农业生态效率整体呈现稳定上升的趋势,但仍然处于较低水平,存在较大提升空间;中国农业生态效率具有显著的空间分异特征,总体上呈现出东西部地区较高、而中部地区较低的空间分布格局;中国农业生态效率的空间分异受到农业资源禀赋、社会经济、自然生态环境等多种因素的影响,不同因子对农业生态效率空间分异的影响存在明显差异且因子间交互作用会增强其空间分异。综上,要关注农业生态效率时空分异的主导因子,并注重区域间的协同合作,以实现农业的高质量发展。     

硅素对水稻幼苗镉积累及抗胁迫应答的调节效应

施硅(Si)可以显著缓解镉(Cd)胁迫对水稻生长发育的毒害效应。本研究通过水培分根试验,研究了Si对水稻幼苗Cd积累及胁迫应答的调节效应。结果表明: Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗的生物量显著降低,加Si可以显著缓解Cd对水稻幼苗生长的抑制效应。水稻幼苗对Cd的吸收、转运和积累明显受到Si的影响,单侧根系Cd胁迫下加Si(Si-Cd+Si,Si-Cd)使根系对Cd的滞留系数达83.3%～83.6%,限制了Cd从根向地上部转移。单侧根系Cd胁迫下非胁迫侧加Si(Si-Cd)处理的植株对Cd的吸收和累积明显增加,尤其是根中Cd的积累量较单侧根系Cd胁迫下无Si(CK-Cd)处理增加了48.2%;而单侧根系Cd胁迫下双侧加Si(Si-Cd+Si)处理则显著降低了根和地上部对Cd的吸收,较CK-Cd处理分别降低了36.7%和54.9%。双侧Cd胁迫下单侧加Si(Cd-Cd+Si)则使根和地上部对Cd的吸收量显著减少,较双侧根Cd胁迫(Cd-Cd)处理分别降低了57.8%和46.5%。Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗根中含较高浓度的Si,加Si则使Cd胁迫下根和地上部积累更多的Si。加Si也影响了水稻幼苗对其他金属元素如钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、锰(Mn)的吸收,Cd-Cd+Si处理显著增加了根系和地上部的Ca、Mg浓度,但Mn浓度的变化则因Cd胁迫程度而表现不同。加Si对Cd胁迫下根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性有一定的影响,尤其是Si-Cd处理的胁迫侧POD和非胁迫侧SOD活性显著上升,有利于清除Cd胁迫产生的氧自由基。总之,Si对Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗生长、Cd和Si等的吸收及根系的抗氧化反应有一定的调节效应,植株体内较高的Si浓度有利于增强植株对Cd的耐受性。     

Crumbs proteins stabilize the cone mosaics of photoreceptors and improve vision in zebrafish

Although the unique organization of vertebrate cone mosaics was first described long ago,both their underlying molecular basis and physiological significance are largely unknown.Here,we demonstrate that Crumbs proteins,the key regulators of epithelial apical polarity,establish the planar cellular polarity of photoreceptors in zebrafish.Via heterophilic Crb2a-Crb2b interactions,the apicobasal polarity protein Crb2b restricts the asymmetric planar distribution of Crb2a in photoreceptors.The planar polarized Crumbs proteins thus balance intercellular adhesions and tension between photoreceptors,thereby stabilizing the geometric organization of cone mosaics.Notably,loss of Crb2b in zebrafish induces a nearsightedness-like phenotype in zebrafish accompanied by an elongated eye axis and impairs zebrafish visual perception for predation.These data reveal a detailed mechanism for cone mosaic homeostasis via previously undiscovered apical-planar polarity coordination and propose a pathogenic mechanism for nearsightedness.     

Structure and Function of N-Terminal Zinc Finger Domain of SARS-CoV-2 NSP2

Virologica Sinica - SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic threatening human health and safety. It is urgent to find effective therapeutic agents and targets with the continuous emergence of novel...     

Sustainability of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Humoral Immune Responses in COVID-19 Patients from Hospitalization to Convalescence Over Six Months

Virologica Sinica - Understanding the persistence of antibody in convalescent COVID-19 patients may help to answer the current major concerns such as the risk of reinfection, the protection period...     

Fur Seal Feces-Associated Circular DNA Virus Identified in Pigs in Anhui,China

Fur seal feces-associated circular DNA virus(FSfa CV) is an unclassified circular replication-associated protein(Rep)-encoding single-stranded(CRESS) DNA virus that has been detected in mammals(fur seals and pigs). The biology and epidemiology of the virus remain largely unknown. To investigate the virus diversity among pigs in Anhui Province,China, we pooled 600 nasal samples in 2017 and detected viruses using viral metagenomic methods. From the assembled contigs, 12 showed notably high nucleotide acid sequence similarities to the genome sequences of FSfa CVs. Based on these sequences, a full-length genome sequence of the virus was then obtained using overlapping PCR and sequencing, and the virus was designated as FSfa CV-CHN(Gen Bank No. MK462122). This virus shared 91.3% and 90.9% genome-wide nucleotide sequence similarities with the New Zealand fur seal strain FSfa CV-as50 and the Japanese pig strain FSfa CVJPN1, respectively. It also clustered with the two previously identified FSfa CVs in a unique branch in the phylogenetic tree based on the open reading frame 2(ORF2), Rep-coding gene, and the genome of the reference CRESS DNA viruses.Further epidemiological investigation using samples collected in 2018 showed that the overall positive rate for the virus was 56.4%(111/197) in Anhui Province. This is the first report of FSfa CVs identified in pigs in China, and further epidemiological studies are warranted to evaluate the influence of the virus on pigs.