水平回转对水稻幼苗叶细胞的影响

对在模拟微重力装置上回转１４ 天的水稻幼苗叶细胞进行了亚显微形态、电子探针和细胞酶化学研究。发现叶细胞质膜上Ｃａ２＋ －ＡＴＰ酶活性消失,膜内钙总量上升、膜外钙总量下降,细胞骨架变得疏松,细胞壁变薄并凹凸不平。叶绿体的基粒和线粒体的内嵴亦有部分变化。其变化机制,首先是细胞质膜上Ｃａ２＋ －ＡＴＰ酶活性消失,膜上钙泵停止工作,跨膜钙浓度差减小,膜内钙浓度上升,微管、微丝聚合受阻,细胞骨架疏松,分泌泡移动失去导向,从而导致细胞壁变薄等状态     

三褶脉紫菀中的新二萜甙

三褶脉紫菀（ＡｓｔｅｒａｇｅｒａｔｏｉｄｅｓＴｕｒｃｚ．）系菊科多年生草本植物,遍布全国,是民间常用的中药,有清热解毒、祛痰镇咳的功效［１,２］。化学工作者们曾从其同属植物紫菀（ＡｓｔｅｒｔａｒａｒｉｃｕｓＬ．ｆ．）中分离到紫菀酮（ｓｈｉｏｎｏｎｅ）、槲皮素（ｑｕｅｒｃｅｔｉｎ）、无羁萜（ｆｒｉｅｄｅｌｉｎ）、表无羁萜（ｅｐｉｆｒｉｅｄｅｌｉｎｅｌ）、毛叶醇（ｌａｃｈｎｏｐｈｙｌｌｏｌ）、乙酸毛叶酯（ｌａｃｈｎｏｐｈｙｌｌｏｌａｃｅｔａｔｅ）、茴香醚（ａｎｅｔｈｏｌｅ）以及紫菀三萜皂甙［２—４］…     

芦苇耐盐变异植株及其细胞学鉴定

用甲基磺酸乙酯（ＥＭＳ）处理芦苇（Ｐｈｒａｇｍ ｉｔｅｓｃｏｍ ｍ ｕｎｉｓ Ｔｒｉｎ．）胚性愈伤组织。从处理后的愈伤组织诱导获得芦苇耐盐变异植株Ｒ５００２－１２。变异植株能在含有１％ ＮａＣｌ的ＭＳ培养基上生长。细胞学检查变异植株是混倍体,染色体数目变异范围在１００至３３ 之间。分蘖植株具有相似的形态学及染色体变异特性     

几种濒危植物及其近缘类群总DNA的提取与鉴定

用低ｐＨ 介质,高盐沉淀蛋白质方法成功地从银杉（Ｃａｔｈａｙａ ａｒｇｙｒｏｐｈｙｌｌａ Ｃｈｕｎ ｅｔＫｕａｎｇ）、矮牡丹（Ｐａｅｏｎｉａ ｓｕｆｆｒｕｔｉｃｏｓａ ｖａｒ． ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅａ）、南川升麻（Ｃｉｍ ｉｃｉｆｕｇａ ｎａｎｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓＨｓｉａｏ）、裂叶沙参（Ａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒａ ｌｏｂｏｐｈｙｌｌａ）的同属种泡沙参（Ａ． ｐｏｔａｎｉｎｉｉ）等植物中提取和部分纯化了细胞总ＤＮＡ,并对其产率、质量和纯度作了鉴定。此方法的关键是用了一个低ｐＨ提取介质,它能有效防止组织破碎及沉淀大量材料时的电离化作用及酚化合物的进一步氧化。所得ＤＮＡ 不需经氯化铯梯度离心或柱层析,直接可用于限制性片断长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）及随机扩增的ＤＮＡ多态性（ＲＡＰＤ）等分子水平的遗传标记。为检测濒危植物的遗传多样性提供了一套迅速、简便和可靠的技术方案     

自然贮存苹果的生化分析及形态解剖学研究

本文对自然贮存六个月的秦冠、红富士及新红星苹果果实在生化成分及显微、超微结构上进行了对比研究,发现红富士果实中果胶质、总糖及粗蛋白含量均高于其它品种;三种果实表面均有不同形态的蜡质分布;果皮角化层以红富士较厚,新红星次之;不同品种果肉细胞的形态有明显差异。本文对此结果进行了初步的探讨,以期为苹果贮存研究积累资料。     

Inhibition of mugineic acid-ferric complex uptake in barley by copper, zinc and cobalt

The interfering effects of copper, zinc, and cobalt on the uptake of mugineic acid-ferric complex were studied in barley ( Hordeum vulgare , cv. Minorimugi) grown in nutrient solution. Short-term uptake experiments of 3 h were performed utilizing both ionic and mugineic acid-complex forms of each metal at two different concentrations. Copper was most effective in decreasing iron uptake when added in an ionic form at either concentration. The inhibition order at higher concentrations followed Cu(II) > Zn(II) ≥ Co(II), Co(III), which is consistent with the stability constants of these metal complexes with mugineic acid. The displacement of iron from its mugineic acid complex by these metals is suggested as a probable explanation for the decreased iron uptake. The inhibitory effect of metal complexes with mugineic acid on iron uptake was only found in cases with higher concentrations of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. Deformation of the specific iron transport system in the plasma membrane due to their adsorption may be responsible for this effect.     

贵州的石杉属植物

贵州的石杉属植物王筱英摘要＊本文介绍贵州产的９种石杉,内含１新种,即雷山石杉ＨｕｐｅｒｚｉａｌｅｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＸ．Ｙ．Ｗａｎｇ;同时还编有分种检索表、生境和地理分布。关键词石杉属,贵州ＮＯＴＥＳＯＮＨＵＰＥＲＺＩＡＢＥＲＮＨ．ＩＮＧＵＩＺＨＯＵ...     

Kinase requirement for retinal growth cone motility

Since cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ levels are reported to regulate neurite elongation, we tested whether calcium-activated kinases might be necessary for growth cone motility and neurite elongation in explant cultures of goldfish retina. Kinase inhibitors and activators were locally applied by micropipette to retinal growth cones and the responses were observed via phase-contrast videomicroscopy. In some cases, growth rates were also quantifed over several hours after general application in the medium. The selective inhibitors of protein kinase C, calphostin C (0.1–1 μM) and chelerythrin (up to 50 μM), caused no obvious changes in growth cones or neurite elongation, and activators of PKC (phorbols, arachidonic acid, and diacylglycerol) also were generally without effects, although phorbols slowed the growth rate. Inhibitors of protein kinase A and tyrosine kinases also produced no obvious effects. The calmodulin antagonists, calmidazolium (0.1 μM), trifluoperazine (100 μM), and CGS9343B (50 μM), however, caused a reversible growth cone arrest with loss of filopodia and lamellipodia. The growth cone became a club-shaped swelling which sometimes moved a short distance back the shaft, leaving evacuated filaments at points of strong filopodial attachments. A similar reversible growth cone arrest occurred with the general kinase inhibitors: H7 at 200 but not at 100 μM, and staurosporine at 100 but not 10 nM, suggesting possible involvement of a calmodulin-dependent kinase (camK) rather than PKC. The selective inhibitor of camKII, KN-62 (tested up to 50 μM), produced no effects but the specific myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitors ML-7 (3–5 μM) and ML-9 (5–10 μM) reversibly reproduced the effect, suggesting that MLCK rather than camKII is necessary for growth cone motility. The MLCK inhibitors' effects both on growth cone morphology and on F-actin filaments (rhodamine-phalloidin staining) were similar to those caused by cytochalasin D (5 μM), and are discussed in light of findings that inhibiting MLCK disrupts actin filaments in astrocytes and fibroblasts. 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

RGDS肽对大鼠主动脉球囊内膜剥脱后血管壁增殖的影响

在大鼠主动脉球囊内膜剥脱术后血管壁细胞过度增殖模型上,用合成的血小板膜纤维蛋白原受体（ｇｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎⅡｂ／Ⅲａｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ,ＧＰⅡｂ／Ⅲａ）拮抗剂ＲＧＤＳ（Ａｒｇ－Ｇｌｙ－Ａｓｐ－Ｓｅｒ,５０μｍｏｌ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１）治疗可有效地抑制损伤血管壁的细胞计数增加和内膜增厚以及血管平滑肌细胞增殖,显著降低其血管组织３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ和３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕ的参入增加程度。实验结果提示ＲＧＤＳ肽作为血管成型术的辅佐剂,对于防治血管再狭窄可能具有潜在的临床应用前景。     

南极长城站微生物区系调查

1992～1993年的夏季,对南极中国长城站的陆地进行了微生物区系的现场调查。先后采集各种类型上样多个。其中对有生态意义的25个样进行了不同类型微生物的分离和计数;中温培养下每克湿土壤菌量为10²～10⁶,用马丁培养基对真菌进行分离培养和计数,每克湿土含菌量为10²～10⁴;0℃下分离计数,发现低温下微生物的数量较中温的多,每克湿土壤含菌为10³～10⁶。对该地区烃氧化菌进行了特别调查,以长城站为中心东西宽0．4Km,南北长1Km的范围内烃氧化菌发育最为活跃,但距长城站距离越远,烃氧化菌数量越少。