南极长城站微生物区系调查

1992～1993年的夏季,对南极中国长城站的陆地进行了微生物区系的现场调查。先后采集各种类型上样多个。其中对有生态意义的25个样进行了不同类型微生物的分离和计数;中温培养下每克湿土壤菌量为10²～10⁶,用马丁培养基对真菌进行分离培养和计数,每克湿土含菌量为10²～10⁴;0℃下分离计数,发现低温下微生物的数量较中温的多,每克湿土壤含菌为10³～10⁶。对该地区烃氧化菌进行了特别调查,以长城站为中心东西宽0．4Km,南北长1Km的范围内烃氧化菌发育最为活跃,但距长城站距离越远,烃氧化菌数量越少。     

传染性软疣病毒（MCV）的电镜观察

传染性软疣病毒（ＭＣＶ）的电镜观察李德忠,肖同浩,武晓华（广州军区武汉总医院电镜室,武汉４３００７０）吴宁（广州军区武汉总医院皮肤科,武汉４３００７０）关键词传染性软疣病毒,病毒形态,电镜观察曾有研究描述ＭＣＶ的发育周期中有８种形态,也有按发育过程将...     

恒河猴、懒猴和树鼩的短时空间记忆功能与前额叶背侧部进化水平的相关性(英文)

本文研究探讨了进化地位不同的三种动物的短时空间记忆功能及其与前额叶背侧部进化水平的相关性。结果表明,在延缓反应作业中,经1000次训练后,7只恒河猴对空间位置的记忆时间平均为7.7±3.2min,懒猴为3.8±0.44min,而树鼩即使在延缓时间几乎为零秒的延缓反应中,其正确反应率也未达到90％标准。一种延缓时间仅测试一个单元,即不经训练的实验表明,恒河猴在延缓期为“0”—5min的各测试单元中,正确反应率稳定在80％以上;懒猴在延缓时间为“0”—4min的各测试单元中,平均正确反应率与恒河猴无明显差异,而当延缓时间增加到5min时,在延缓反应作业中取得的成绩显著下降;树鼩在延缓时间为1—5min的作业中取得的正确反应率在70％以下。3种动物在视觉辨别学习作业中却无明显差异。形态学研究表明,灵长类大脑前额叶的面积和结构的复杂性在进化过程中逐渐增大,如恒河猴大脑前额叶的表面积占大脑半球表面积的11.5％(Brodmann,1929),其内颗粒层发达,背侧部明显凸起,主沟区发达;懒猴的前额叶表面积占其大脑半球表面积的8.3％,背侧部凸起不显著,主沟未形成,额极内颗粒层分化明显,背侧部的内颗粒层较内侧部的发达程度差(Sanides,1967);树鼩的前额叶表面积占7.5％,额极的内颗粒层分化不明显,为非颗粒化区,此区之后为颗粒区     

CSE1 and CSE2, two new genes required for accurate mitotic chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

By monitoring the mitotic transmission of a marked chromosome bearing a defective centromere, we have identified conditional alleles of two genes involved in chromosome segregation (cse). Mutations in CSE1 and CSE2 have a greater effect on the segregation of chromosomes carrying mutant centromeres than on the segregation of chromosomes with wild-type centromeres. In addition, the cse mutations cause predominantly nondisjunction rather than loss events but do not cause a detectable increase in mitotic recombination. At the restrictive temperature, cse1 and cse2 mutants accumulate large-budded cells, with a significant fraction exhibiting aberrant binucleate morphologies. We cloned the CSE1 and CSE2 genes by complementation of the cold-sensitive phenotypes. Physical and genetic mapping data indicate that CSE1 is linked to HAP2 on the left arm of chromosome VII and CSE2 is adjacent to PRP2 on chromosome XIV. CSE1 is essential and encodes a novel 109-kDa protein. CSE2 encodes a 17-kDa protein with a putative basic-region leucine zipper motif. Disruption of CSE2 causes chromosome missegregation, conditional lethality, and slow growth at the permissive temperature.     

异叶三宝木的二萜成分及抗菌活性研究

为研究异叶三宝木(Trigonostemon heterophyllus)的二萜成分及其抗菌活性,采用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析、高效液相色谱对萃取物进行分离纯化,结合现代波谱技术对所得化合物进行结构鉴定,并通过牛津杯法和2倍稀释法检测化合物对革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)以及革兰氏阳性菌肺炎双球菌(Pneumococcus)的生长抑制活性和MIC值。从异叶三宝木中分离得到了6个化合物,包括5个二萜类, 1个木脂素类,分别鉴定为trigonochinene E (1)、neoboutomannin (2)、6,9-O- dedimethyltrigonostemone (3)、stelltian B (4)、3,4-secosonderianol (5)、biondinin A (6)。化合物1、2、3、5对大肠杆菌有抑制作用,MIC值分别为9.375、18.75、18.75、18.75 μg/mL。化合物2、3、4、6为首次从该种植物中分离得到,化合物4为首次从该属植物中分离得到。除化合物4外,其他化合物都有一定的抗菌活性,且化合物1、2、3对大肠杆菌抑制作用强于阳性对照硫酸卡那霉素。     

我国半乳甘露聚糖胶资源利用前景初探

半乳甘露聚糖植物胶加工是我国70年代中期兴起的新兴产业。本文从我国植物资源发展的角度。重点论证了瓜尔豆（Cyanopsis tetragonoloba（L.）Taubert.）、田菁（Sesbania cannabina(Retz.)Pers.)、胡芦巴（Trigonella foenum-graecum L.）的生产情况,认为胡芦巴适应性强、产量高、易于机械化大面积种植与轮作,并具有改良土壤以及经济效益好等优势。因此,发展半乳甘露聚糖胶资源,大量种植胡芦巴是最好的选择。     

东方蜜蜂微孢子虫侵染过程中nce-miR-34537和靶基因PIP5KI的表达谱

【目的】本研究旨在对前期鉴定到的nce-miR-34537进行表达和序列验证,预测nce-miR-34537的靶基因并明确其分子特性,进而检测nce-miR-34537及其靶基因在东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(Nosema ceranae)侵染意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)工蜂过程的表达谱,为进一步探究nce-miR-34537调控东方蜜蜂微孢子虫侵染的功能和作用机制提供基础。【方法】通过Stem-loop-RT-PCR和Sanger测序验证nce-miR-34537的表达和序列。通过生物信息学软件预测nce-miR-34537的靶基因PIP5KI(I型磷脂酰肌醇4-磷酸-5-激酶基因)的理化性质等分子特性和保守基序,并构建基于氨基酸序列的系统进化树。采用RT-qPCR检测nce-miR-34537及其靶基因的表达谱。【结果】nce-miR-34537在东方蜜蜂微孢子虫孢子中真实存在和表达。nce-miR-34537共靶向PIP5KI等151个基因。PIP5KI蛋白的分子式为C₈₈₂H_{1 364}N₂₂₆     

Genomic insights into selection for heterozygous alleles and woody traits in Populus tomentosa

Heterozygous alleles are widespread in outcrossing and clonally propagated woody plants. The variation in heterozygosity that underlies population adaptive evolution and phenotypic variation, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we describe a de novo chromosome-level genome assembly of Populus tomentosa, an economic and ecologically important native tree in northern China. By resequencing 302 natural accessions, we determined that the South subpopulation (Pop_S) encompasses the ancestral strains of P. tomentosa, while the Northwest subpopulation (Pop_NW) and Northeast subpopulation (Pop_NE) experienced different selection pressures during population evolution, resulting in significant population differentiation and a decrease in the extent of heterozygosity. Analysis of heterozygous selective sweep regions (HSSR) suggested that selection for lower heterozygosity contributed to the local adaptation of P. tomentosa by dwindling gene expression and genetic load in the Pop_NW and Pop_NE subpopulations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed that 88 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 63 genes are associated with nine wood composition traits. Among them, the selection for the homozygous AA allele in PtoARF8 is associated with reductions in cellulose and hemicellulose contents by attenuating PtoARF8 expression, and the increase in lignin content is attributable to the selection for decreases in exon heterozygosity in PtoLOX3 during adaptive evolution of natural populations. This study provides novel insights into allelic variations in heterozygosity associated with adaptive evolution of P. tomentosa in response to the local environment and identifies a series of key genes for wood component traits, thereby facilitating genomic-based breeding of important traits in perennial woody plants.