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81.
82.
Oscar Fernandez‐Capetillo 《EMBO reports》2010,11(1):32-36
Ageing is an unavoidable corollary to being alive; the most intuitive interpretation of ageing being that it is the consequence of progressive body degeneration. In agreement with this, current models propose that ageing occurs through a stepwise accumulation of DNA damage, which ultimately limits the regenerative capacity of tissues. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that fetal distress can influence the development of disease in adult life, a phenomenon known as ‘intrauterine programming’. The extent to which an intrauterine exposure to DNA damage can compromise lifespan remains unclear. My group has recently generated a murine model of a human syndrome linked to defective DNA repair and observed that these animals age prematurely, but the accumulation of DNA damage is restricted mostly to the embryonic period. Here, I discuss the implications of this finding and propose that ageing can be influenced by fetal distress. 相似文献
83.
An interspecific somatic hybrid between Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia kolomikta and its chilling tolerance 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived callus of Actinidia chinensisPlanch. var. chinensis (2N=2x=58) were fused with mesophyll protoplasts of Actiniadia kolomikta(Maxim. et Rupr.) Maxim (2N=2x=58) using a PEG method. Plantlets were regenerated from the fusion product clone 11. RAPD analyses, chromosome numbers of root tip cells and fluorescence peak position of leaf nuclei confirmed that clone 11 was an interspecific somatic hybrid (2N=4x=116) between A. chinensis and A. kolomikta. The chilling tolerance of the somatic hybrid was tested with in vitro leaves at low temperatures. Based on data of leaf thickness, electroconductivity, proline levels, malondialdehyde content and activity of superoxide dismutase, dendrogram cluster analysis suggested that the interspecific somatic hybrid was similar to A. kolomikta, and might have a higher capacity of cold resistance than A. chinensis. 相似文献
84.
85.
We analyzed the pattern of correlations among fitness components, herbivory, and resin characteristics in a natural all-aged
stand of ponderosa pine, to infer the strength and mechanism of natural selection on plant chemistry. Male and female cone
production were monitored yearly for 15 years, and levels of herbivory for 9 years in 165 trees. Resin flow rate and monoterpene
composition were determined for these same trees. Multiple regression of fitness components on resin characteristics showed
significant associations consistent with directional selection for increased resin flow rates and increased proportions of
α- and β-pinene, myrcene and terpinolene. However, negative correlations among monoterpene fractions of the resin constrained
the overall selection. Selective herbivory by aphids approached statistical significance and monoterpenes showed some (non-significant)
effect as deterrents against deer browse. Resin characteristics were not correlated with attack by cone insects or porcupines.
However, the association between resin characteristics and fitness is significantly different from that predicted by the path
coefficients involving herbivores. Therefore the hypothesis that these herbivores mediate selection on the resin is not supported
by the observed pattern of correlations among resin characteristics, herbivory, growth and fecundity. In this population,
most of the association between resin characteristics and fitness appears to be mediated by some other factor independent
of attack by herbivore species present.
Received: 18 March 1996/Accepted: 18 July 1996 相似文献
86.
Véronique Lavoie Anne‐Elen Kernaleguen Guy Charron Nada Farhat Mariève Cossette Aida M. Mamarbachi Bruce G. Allen Eric Rhéaume Jean‐Claude Tardif 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2011,19(4):722-728
Adiponectin is an adipokine whose plasma levels are inversely correlated to metabolic syndrome components. Adiponectin protects against atherosclerosis and decreases risks in myocardial infarction. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a heterogeneous population of circulating cells involved in vascular repair and neovascularization. EPCs number is reduced in patients with cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that the positive effects of adiponectin against atherosclerosis are explained in part by its interactions with EPCs. Cells were obtained from healthy volunteers' blood by mononuclear cell isolation and plating on collagen‐coated dishes. Three sub‐populations of EPCs were identified and characterized using flow cytometry. EPCs' expression of adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1, and AdipoR2 was evaluated by quantitative PCR. The effects of recombinant adiponectin on EPCs' susceptibility to apoptosis were assessed. Finally, expression of neutrophil elastase by EPCs and activity of this enzyme on adiponectin processing were assessed. Quantitative PCR analysis of EPCs mRNAs showed that AdipoR1 mRNA is expressed at higher levels than AdipoR2. Expression of AdipoR1 protein was confirmed by western blot. Adiponectin significantly increased survival of two sub‐populations of EPCs in conditions of serum deprivation. Such effect could not be demonstrated in the third EPCs sub‐population. We also demonstrated that EPCs, particularly one sub‐population, express neutrophil elastase. Neutrophil elastase activity was confirmed in EPCs' conditioned media. Adiponectin protects some EPCs sub‐populations against apoptosis and therefore could modulate EPCs ability to induce repair of vascular damage. Neutrophil elastase activity of EPCs could locally modulate adiponectin activity by its involvement in the generation of the globular form of adiponectin. 相似文献
87.
After observing specimens of Calligonum pumilum Losinsk. and C. juochiangense Y. X. Liou in both the field and in herbarium collections, it was found that the morphological characters of these two species are quite different, especially with respect of the twisted direction of fruit ribs, number of bristle rows along each rib, rigidity and degree of interweaving of bristles, as well as their geographic distribution. Therefore, it is concluded that C. pumilum and C. juochiangense should be accepted as two independent species. 相似文献
88.
89.
90.
T. RIGOT M. VERCAUTEREN DRUBBEL J.‐C. DELÉCOLLE M. GILBERT 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2013,27(1):29-38
The spatial epidemiology of Bluetongue virus (BTV) at the landscape level relates to the fine‐scale distribution and dispersal capacities of its vectors, midges belonging to the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Although many previous researches have carried out Culicoides sampling on farms, little is known of the fine‐scale distribution of Culicoides in the landscape immediately surrounding farms. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of Culicoides populations at increasing distances from typical dairy farms in north‐west Europe, through the use of eight Onderstepoort‐type black‐light traps positioned along linear transects departing from farms, going through pastures and entering woodlands. A total of 16 902 Culicoides were collected in autumn 2008 and spring 2009. The majority were females, of which more than 97% were recognized as potential vectors. In pastures, we found decreasing numbers of female Culicoides as a function of the distance to the farm. This pattern was modelled by leptokurtic models, with parameters depending on season and species. By contrast, the low number of male Culicoides caught were homogeneously distributed along the transects. When transects entered woodlands, we found a higher abundance of Culicoides than expected considering the distance of the sampling sites to the farm, although this varied according to species. 相似文献