蝎毒对人肝癌细胞(SMMC7721)和宫颈癌(Hela)细胞抑制作用的研究

目的:探讨蝎毒粗粉及经初步纯化的蝎毒对人肝癌细胞(SMMC7721)和Hela细胞株的抑制作用。方法:以四甲基偶氮唑盐法(MTT),Western Blotting,免疫细胞化学以及荧光标记的方法,对人肝癌细胞(SMMC7721)和Hela细胞株的凋亡相关蛋白进行检测。结果:蝎毒粗毒及经初步纯化的蝎毒具有诱导SMMC7721和Hela凋亡的作用。结论:蝎毒粗毒及经初步纯化的蝎毒对人肝癌细胞(SMMC 7721)及Hela细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

小鼠胰腺大部分切除后再生集中区来源的初步探索

目的:探讨胰腺在某些损伤或病理条件下,由于细胞活跃增殖产生再生集中区域的细胞来源。方法:将27只成年ICR系小鼠分为9组,每组3只,其中1组进行假手术,其余8组进行小鼠胰腺大部分切除,分别在切除后12h,24h、36h、48h、3d、5d、7d、10d取材及冰冻切片,采用H-E染色、免疫荧光染色方法检测损伤后各时间段胰腺组织的形态变化和细胞增殖率。结果:H-E染色发现,胰腺手术72h后,剩余胰腺中就出现由细胞角蛋白阳性导管样结构组成的再生集中区,此区域细胞随后分化为功能性细胞类型,10d后消失检测不到。对胰腺再生集中区的定位研究表明,它们仅出现于切除后的伤口边缘。BrdU标记表明,胰腺再生集中区为细胞快速增殖区域,其出现与总导管增殖率提高同时发生,主/大导管和小导管增殖率上升都晚于再生集中区的出现。结论:小鼠胰腺大部分切除后再生集中区可能来源于腺泡细胞的快速增殖,而不是经由总-主/大-小导管-快速增殖区这一途径引起的来源于导管上皮细胞。     

185例儿童急性白血病流式细胞术免疫分型研究

目的:探讨儿童急性白血病流式细胞术免疫分型的意义。方法:采用流式细胞术三色荧光标记技术和CD45/SSC双参数散点图设门,检测185例儿童急性白血病的免疫表型,对抗原表达情况进行分析。结果:流式细胞术免疫分型和FAB分型的符合率为89.19%。185例儿童急性白血病中,ALL为121例,占AL的65.41%,B-ALL为113例,主要表达B系的CD19(99.12%)、CD22(98.13%)、CD79a(96.19%)、CD10(86.73%)。T-ALL占8例;主要表达CD5(100%)、CD7(100%)、cCD3(100%)、CD8(87.5%)。AML为47例,占25.41%,主要表达CD33(93.62%)、CD15(78.72%)、CD64(76.6%)、MPO(76.6%)、CD13(74.47%)。在B-ALL,AML,T-ALL中,敏感性最高的抗体分别是CD19,CD33,CD5和CD7,特异性最强的抗体分别是CD79a,MPO,cCD3。AMLL为17例,占9.19%,其中B/M为9例,T/B为5例,T/M为3例。My十-ALL为54例,占ALL的44.63%,表达的髓系抗原为CD13、CD15、CD33、CD64。Ly+-AML为18例,占AML的38.30%,表达的淋系抗原为CD19、CD4、CD7。系列非相关抗原CD34的表达率为67.57%,HLA-DR的表达率为85.41%,CD38的表达率为80.59%,TdT的表达率为62.59%。结论:流式细胞术免疫分型在白血病分型中起重要作用,是FAB分型的补充和修正,提高了儿童急性白血病诊断的准确率有必要进一步加强流式细胞术免疫分型的标准化工作。     

经典Wnt 信号通路在牙齿发育中的研究新进展

经典Wnt信号通路是参与胚胎及器官发育的四大信号传导途径之一,在牙齿发育中扮演了重要的角色。本文对其中的β-catenin,Lef1,Apc,Axin2这4个关键因子在牙齿发育中研究的新进展做了简要的概述:β-catenin在间充质中会调控多个信号,影响牙上皮和间充质相互作用;Lef1会和Tcf家族一道调控上皮细胞命运;Apc能抑制多余牙齿的形成;Axin2在牙晚期发育中影响牙本质的形成。通过这些因子的研究,希望人们能在牙齿再生等生物医学工程上有新的突破。     

Genotypic variation in phosphorus acquisition from sparingly soluble P sources is related to root morphology and root exudates in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>

Genotypic variations in the adaptive response to low-phosphorus (P) stress and P-uptake efficiency have been widely reported in many crops. We conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the P-acquisition ability of two rapeseed (Brassica napus) genotypes supplied with two sparingly soluble sources of P, Al-P and Fe-P. Then, the root morphology, proton concentrations, and carboxylate content were investigated in a solution experiment to examine the genotypic difference in P-acquisition efficiency. Both genotypes produced greater biomass and accumulated more P when supplied with Al-P than when supplied with Fe-P. The P-efficient genotype 102 showed a significantly greater ability to deplete sparingly soluble P from the rhizosphere soil because of its greater biomass and higher P uptake compared with those of the P-inefficient genotype 105. In the solution experiment, the P-efficient genotype under low-P conditions developed dominant root morphological traits, and it showed more intensive rhizosphere acidification because of greater H⁺ efflux, higher H⁺-ATPase activity, and greater exudation of carboxylates than the P-inefficient genotype. Thus, a combination of morphological and physiological mechanisms contributed to the genotypic variation in the utilization of different sparingly soluble P sources in B. napus.     

聚乙二醇介导鹅掌楸悬浮细胞与CdSe／ZnS量子点纳米颗粒共孵育的互作特征

利用纳米材料介导的药物靶向治疗和动物细胞转基因等相关研究,日益受到人们的关注．但植物因存在细胞壁的障碍,无论原位还是离体细胞培养条件下,利用纳米技术进行基因转移均存在很大难度．因此设想,如通过纳米颗粒材料物理尺寸的改变和表面化学修饰,能改变纳米颗粒与植物细胞壁界面上的生物物理或生物化学特征,从而有利于纳米颗粒材料穿越植物细胞壁进入植物细胞,将对推动纳米技术在植物转基因领域中的应用产生重要意义．根据以上设想,研究了不同的共孵育时间和温度等条件下,杂交鹅掌楸的胚性悬浮细胞与经不同表面化学修饰的CdSe／ZnS纳米颗粒之间相互作用过程的细胞生物学特征,以及CdSe／ZnS量子点的细胞毒性．结果表明,在共孵育后3h以内,激光共聚焦显微镜和电子扫描显微镜下,均可观察到经表面后修饰带正电荷的CdSe／ZnS纳米颗粒．同时,胞吞进入细胞内部的表面携带正电荷的CdSe／ZnS纳米颗粒的量明显与共培养时间、温度有明显的依赖关系,表明它们可以通过细胞的液相胞吞作用进入杂交鹅掌楸细胞内,且不影响细胞的活性;而表面带负电荷的CdSe／ZnS纳米颗粒则主要聚集在细胞外壁附近．在培养溶液中添加20％（质量比）聚乙二醇,可进一步提高鹅掌楸细胞胞吞CdSe／ZnS纳米颗粒的量和减轻CdSe／ZnS纳米颗粒的细胞毒性．本研究表明,以表面携带正电荷的CdSe／ZnS量子点纳米材料作为基因载体,在植物悬浮细胞的转基因研究和应用中具有广泛的前景．     

Release of hydrophobic anticancer drug from a newly designed self-assembling peptide

A newly designed self-assembling peptide, P4 (Ac-NH-LDLKLELKLDLKLELK-CONH(2)), capable of stabilizing hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solution has been discovered. The ionic self-complementary peptide P4 has 16 amino acids, ～5 nm in size, with an alternating polar and non-polar pattern. Circular dichroism analysis demonstrated that P4 forms stable β-sheet structures, and self-assembles into nanofibers, which was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy. These nanofibers can form a scaffold hydrogel consisting of >99% water. It showed that the P4 hydrogel had stable hydrogel rheological properties. The ability of the peptide to stabilize the hydrophobic anticancer agent ellipticine was tested in this research. The results showed that the state of ellipticine in the complexes was dependent on the concentration of the peptide, which also affected the size and morphology of the complex. The anticancer activity of the complexes was studied by testing the viability with a MTT assay and a LIVE/DEAD Viability/Cytotoxicity kit in two cancer cell lines including SMMC7721 and EC9706. The viability results showed that complexes of protonated ellipticine could significantly reduce the viability of the two cell lines. The results described herein provide further incentives for basic studies on self-assembling peptide-based delivery of hydrophobic anticancer drugs.     

A photocrosslinking assay for reporting protein interactions in polyketide and fatty acid synthases

Understanding protein-protein interactions that occur between ACP and KS domains of polyketide synthases and fatty acid synthases is critical to improving the scope and efficiency of combinatorial biosynthesis efforts aimed at producing non-natural polyketides. Here, we report a facile strategy for rapidly reporting such ACP-KS interactions based on the incorporation of an amino acid with photocrosslinking functionality. Crucially, this photocrosslinking strategy can be applied to any polyketide or fatty acid synthase regardless of substrate specificity, and can be adapted to a high-throughput format for directed evolution studies.     

Resonance assignments and secondary structure prediction of the As(III) metallochaperone ArsD in solution

ArsD is a metallochaperone that delivers As(III) to the ArsA ATPase, the catalytic subunit of the ArsAB pump encoded by the arsRDABC operon of Escherichia coli plasmid R773. Conserved ArsD cysteine residues (Cys¹², Cys¹³ and Cys¹⁸) construct the As(III) binding site of the protein, however a global structural understanding of this arsenic binding remains unclear. We have obtained NMR assignments for ArsD as a starting point for probing structural changes on the protein that occur in response to metalloid binding and upon formation of a complex with ArsA. The predicted solution structure of ArsD is in agreement with recently published crystallographic structural results.