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111.
Objective
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is commonly treated with thiopurines such as azathioprine and mercaptopurine for the maintenance of remission. Studies examining chemopreventive of these medications on colorectal neoplasm in IBD patients have yielded conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the role of thiopurines for this indication.Methods
We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane to identify studies reporting colorectal neoplasm from IBD patients treated with thiopurines and conducted a meta-analysis of pooled relative risk (RR) using the random effects model.Results
Nine case-control and ten cohort studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The use of thiopurines was associated with a statistically significant decreased incidence of colorectal neoplasm (summary RR=0.71, 95% CI=0.54–0.94, p=0.017), even after adjustment for duration and extent of the disease, but there was high heterogeneity among studies (I 2=68.0%, p<0.001). The RR of advanced neoplasm (high-grade dysplasia and cancer) was 0.72 (95%CI=0.50–1.03, p=0.070) and that of cancer was 0.70 (95% CI=0.46–1.09, p=0.111) for thiopurine-treated patients. Heterogeneity of the studies was affected by the sample size (</≥100 cases) and whether the patients had longstanding colitis (≥7 years).Conclusion
The current meta-analysis revealed that thiopurines had a chemopreventive effect of colorectal neoplasms and a tendency of reducing advanced colorectal neoplasms in IBD. Due to the heterogeneity of included studies, these results should be interpreted with caution. 相似文献112.
113.
Shuifeng Deng Mei Wang Zhichao Yan Zhen Tian Hongrui Chen Xuejiao Yang Yehong Zhuo 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by physiological intraocular hypertension that causes damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In the past, RGC damage in POAG was suggested to have been attributed to RGC apoptosis. However, in the present study, we applied a model closer to human POAG through the use of a chronic hypertensive glaucoma model in rhesus monkeys to investigate whether another mode of progressive cell death, autophagy, was activated in the glaucomatous retinas. First, in the glaucomatous retinas, the levels of LC3B-II, LC3B-II/LC3B-I and Beclin 1 increased as demonstrated by Western blot analyses, whereas early or initial autophagic vacuoles (AVi) and late or degraded autophagic vacuoles (AVd) accumulated in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Second, lysosome activity and autophagosome-lysosomal fusion increased in the RGCs of the glaucomatous retinas, as demonstrated by Western blotting against lysosome associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP1) and double labeling against LC3B and LAMP1. Third, apoptosis was activated in the glaucomatous eyes with increased levels of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 and an increased number of TUNEL-positive RGCs. Our results suggested that autophagy was activated in RGCs in the chronic hypertensive glaucoma model of rhesus monkeys and that autophagy may have potential as a new target for intervention in glaucoma treatment. 相似文献
114.
Hede Yan Jon Kolkin Bin Zhao Zhefeng Li Shichao Jiang Wei Wang Zhen Xia Cunyi Fan 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Objective
To evaluate the effect of hemodynamic remodeling on the survival status of the arterialized venous flaps (AVFs) and investigate the mechanism of this procedure.Materials and Methods
Two 7 x 9 cm skin flaps in each rabbit (n=36) were designed symmetrically in the abdomen. The thoracoepigastric pedicle and one femoral artery were used as vascular sources. Four groups were included: Composite skin grafts group and arterial perfusion group were designed in one rabbit; AVF group and hemodynamic remodeling group by ligation of the thoracoepigastric vein in the middle were outlined in another rabbit. Flap viability, status of vascular perfusion and microvasculature, levels of epidermal metabolite and water content in each group were assessed.Results
Highly congested veins and simple trunk veins were found using angiography in the AVF group; while a fairly uniform staining and plenty of small vessels were observed in the hemodynamic remodeling group. The metabolite levels of the remodeling group are comparable with those in the arterial perfusion group. There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of flap survival between the arterial perfusion group and hemodynamic remodeling group; however, significant difference was seen between the AVF group and the hemodynamic remodeling group.Conclusions
Under the integrated perfusion mode, the AVFs are in an over-perfusion and non-physiological hemodynamic state, resulting in unreliability and unpredictability in flap survival; under the separated perfusion mode produced by remodeling, a physiological-like circulation will be created and therefore, better flap survival can be expected. 相似文献115.
Wei-Meng Woo Scott X. Atwood Hanson H. Zhen Anthony E. Oro 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2013,(72)
Hair follicle morphogenesis, a complex process requiring interaction between epithelia-derived keratinocytes and the underlying mesenchyme, is an attractive model system to study organ development and tissue-specific signaling. Although hair follicle development is genetically tractable, fast and reproducible analysis of factors essential for this process remains a challenge. Here we describe a procedure to generate targeted overexpression or shRNA-mediated knockdown of factors using lentivirus in a tissue-specific manner. Using a modified version of a hair regeneration model 5, 6, 11, we can achieve robust gain- or loss-of-function analysis in primary mouse keratinocytes or dermal cells to facilitate study of epithelial-mesenchymal signaling pathways that lead to hair follicle morphogenesis. We describe how to isolate fresh primary mouse keratinocytes and dermal cells, which contain dermal papilla cells and their precursors, deliver lentivirus containing either shRNA or cDNA to one of the cell populations, and combine the cells to generate fully formed hair follicles on the backs of nude mice. This approach allows analysis of tissue-specific factors required to generate hair follicles within three weeks and provides a fast and convenient companion to existing genetic models. 相似文献
116.
采用析因设计法(Plackett-burman)对影响Chlorella zofingiensis高产虾青素的相关因素进行评价,发现硝酸钠、光照强度、二价铁离子及醋酸钠浓度对虾青素产量影响显著.利用中心组合设计(central composite design)及响应面分析对影响虾青素产量的关键因素做进一步的优化,得到较佳的试验点为二价铁离子浓度0.41 mmol/L,硝酸钠浓度0.8 mmol/L,醋酸钠浓度37.1 mmol/L,光照强度650 E/m2×s.优化后虾青素产量从7.890mg/L提高到19.81mg/L,比优化前提高了2.5倍. 相似文献
117.
Peng Wang Zhen Chen Juan Li Li Wang Guohong Gong Genhai Zhao Hui Liu Zhiming Zheng 《Annals of microbiology》2013,63(3):957-964
The production of L(+)-lactic acid (LA) by Rhizopus oryzae immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was investigated. To decrease diffusional resistance, we modified the PVA gel through the addition of sodium alginate and phosphate esterification. The production of L(+)-LA improved notably in the immobilized Rhizopus oryzae. Maximum L(+)-LA production (106.27 g/L), with a yield of 73.1 % and rate of 2.95 g/L·h, was obtained at a temperature of 38 °C, 6 % PVA, and 0.8 % sodium alginate. The immobilized R. oryzae was stable in 14 serial-batch cultures using non-growth medium. The immobilized beads also displayed good tolerance to low temperature and long-term storage at 4 °C with the preservation of biochemical properties. 相似文献
118.
Guang‐Ping Hao An‐Hui Lu Wei Dong Zhen‐Yu Jin Xiang‐Qian Zhang Jin‐Tao Zhang Wen‐Cui Li 《Liver Transplantation》2013,3(11):1421-1427
Sandwich‐type microporous hybrid carbon nanosheets (MHCN) consisting of graphene and microporous carbon layers are fabricated using graphene oxides as shape‐directing agent and the in‐situ formed poly(benzoxazine‐co‐resol) as carbon precursor. The reaction and condensation can be readily completed within 45 min. The obtained MHCN has a high density of accessible micropores that reside in the porous carbon with controlled thickness (e.g., 17 nm), a high surface area of 1293 m2 g?1 and a narrow pore size distribution of ca. 0.8 nm. These features allow an easy access, a rapid diffusion and a high loading of charged ions, which outperform the diffusion rate in bulk carbon and are highly efficient for an increased double‐layer capacitance. Meanwhile, the uniform graphene percolating in the interconnected MHCN forms the bulk conductive networks and their electrical conductivity can be up to 120 S m?1 at the graphene percolation threshold of 2.0 wt.%. The best‐practice two‐electrode test demonstrates that the MHCN show a gravimetric capacitance of high up to 103 F g?1 and a good energy density of ca. 22.4 Wh kg?1 at a high current density of 5 A g?1. These advanced properties ensure the MHCN a great promise as an electrode material for supercapacitors. 相似文献
119.
Tianjiao Lyu Nan Jia Jieyu Wang Xiaohui Yan Yinhua Yu Zhen Lu Robert C Bast Jr Keqin Hua Weiwei Feng 《Epigenetics》2013,8(12):1330-1346
The initiation of angiogenesis can mark the transition from tumor dormancy to active growth and recurrence. Mechanisms that regulate recurrence in human cancers are poorly understood, in part because of the absence of relevant models. The induction of ARHI (DIRAS3) induces dormancy and autophagy in human ovarian cancer xenografts but produces autophagic cell death in culture. The addition of VEGF to cultures maintains the viability of dormant autophagic cancer cells, thereby permitting active growth when ARHI is downregulated, which mimics the “recurrence” of growth in xenografts. Two inducible ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOv3-ARHI and Hey-ARHI, were used. The expression level of angiogenesis factors was evaluated by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry and western blot; their epigenetic regulation was measured by bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Six of the 15 angiogenesis factors were upregulated in dormant cancer cells (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3, TIMP3; thrombospondin-1, TSP1; angiopoietin-1; angiopoietin-2; angiopoietin-4; E-cadherin, CDH1). We found that TIMP3 and CDH1 expression was regulated epigenetically and was related inversely to the DNA methylation of their promoters in cell cultures and in xenografts. Increased H3K9 acetylation was associated with higher TIMP3 expression in dormant SKOv3-ARHI cells, while decreased H3K27me3 resulted in the upregulation of TIMP3 in dormant Hey-ARHI cells. Elevated CDH1 expression during dormancy was associated with an increase in both H3K4me3 and H3K9Ac in two cell lines. CpG demethylating agents and/or histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibited the re-growth of dormant cancer cells, which was associated with the re-expression of anti-angiogenic genes. The expression of the anti-angiogenic genes TIMP3 and CDH1 is elevated during dormancy and is reduced during the transition to active growth by changes in DNA methylation and histone modification. 相似文献
120.
Hai Chun Liu Hua Zhao Jian Chen Wen Liang Wu Hong Liang Wang Gang Jun Jiao Yun Zhen Chen 《Journal of molecular histology》2013,44(5):535-544
Decreased levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been proven to cause osteoporosis. Gene transfer of IGF-1 offers an attractive technology to treat skeletal metabolic disorders including osteoporosis, but the viral vectors are limited by their high antigenicity and immune response. Our purpose was to investigate the expression of a non-invasive vector, recombinant plasmid enhanced green fluorescent protein-N1 (pEGFP-N1) that transferred IGF-1 gene into ovariectomized (OVX) rats in vivo and evaluate the effect of this therapy on osteoporosis. OVX or sham operations were performed in 60 female, 7-month-old unmated SD rats. 12 weeks after OVX operation, the vectors were transfected to the 10-month-old rats and experimental data were detected from 48 h to 7 week after transfection. Our results showed that remarkable expression of fluorescence and serum IGF-1 was observed in the rats transfected by recombinant plasmids, indicating that IGF-1 gene was successfully transferred to OVX rats by injecting the vector through hydrodynamic method via the tail vein. The bone metabolism index including serum alkaline phosphatase, the histomorphometric parameters of lumbar vertebra including trabecular area percentage, trabecular thickness, trabecular number and trabecular separation, and the bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical parameters of lumbar vertebra including BMD, maximum condensing force, crushing strength in OVX rats transfected by pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 were improved remarkably compared with OVX+pEGFP-N1 rats, indicating that the transfection of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 played a significant role in alleviating osteoporosis in rats induced by OVX. This encouraged a potential approach of IGF-1 gene therapy to the treatment of osteoporosis. 相似文献