Effects of Octadecanoylsucrose Derivatives on the Production of Inulinase by Apergillus niger SL-09

Summary The effect of the addition of octadecanoylsucrose esters to the growth medium on the production of inulinase by Aspergillus niger SL-09 was studied in batch culture using shake flasks. The activities of inulinase in vitro and in vivo formed by Aspergillus niger SL-09 was enhanced dramatically by the addition of sucrose ester S-770 to the medium, and it was confirmed that sucrose ester acted as a very efficient inducer for inulinase production. As a result, with the addition of 6 g sucrose ester l⁻¹ at the beginning of the culture, the enzyme activities were enhanced near 7-fold higher than that obtained in the basal medium.     

海洋生物源杀虫活性物质研究进展

综述了海洋生物源杀虫活性物质的最新研究进展。系统总结了常见海洋生物中活性物质的种类、生物活性、作用方式的特点以及海洋生物活性物质的研究及应用状况。重点评述了海洋毒素、海藻提取物及海洋微生物次生代谢产物等海洋生物源杀虫活性物质的研究概况。介绍了海洋生物活性物质作为杀虫剂研究开发利用的途径 ,展望了其应用前景。     

猕猴脑胱天蛋白酶-3活化及其靶蛋白的体外研究(英)

凋亡的主要生化过程包括胱天蛋白酶的活化及其对细胞内蛋白质的选择性切割.在已知的胱天蛋白酶中,可被多种凋亡刺激信号激活的胱天蛋白酶-3备受注目.为进一步揭示灵长类动物神经组织中未知的胱天蛋白酶-3靶蛋白,采用成年猕猴脑组织粗提物作为无细胞体系,通过加入granzyme B引发凋亡途径的部分反应,如胱天蛋白酶-3的活化及随后发生的蛋白质水解.经蛋白质印迹分析发现,与granzyme B共孵育后,猕猴脑胱天蛋白酶-3以两步方式从酶原转化为活性酶.对猕猴脑组织自身蛋白质的进一步分析显示,多聚ADP-核糖聚合酶（PARP）被水解为长85 ku的片段,此片段提示胱天蛋白酶-3的特异切割活性.此外,神经元凋亡抑制蛋白（NAIP）也被切割,产生长约40 ku的小片段,但是它的出现不被胱天蛋白酶-3特异性抑制剂Ac-DEVD-CHO阻断,因此可能是granzyme B直接作用于NAIP所致.以上结果提示,凋亡相关酶切反应可在成年猕猴脑组织提取物中得到重现;NAIP可能是granzyme B而非胱天蛋白酶-3的作用靶点.     

质膜NAD(P)H氧化酶参予金瓜炭疽(Colletotrichum lagerarium)细胞壁激发子诱导人参细胞产生激发反应(英文)

在人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)悬浮细胞质膜上测出了NAD(P)H氧化酶活性。这类NAD(P)H氧化酶活性可以被金瓜炭疽细胞壁激发子(Cle)诱导。Cle处理还能诱导人参悬浮细胞的氧进发、促进人参悬浮细胞的皂苷合成、提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活力、以及诱导查尔式酮酶(CHS)的累积和细胞壁上抗性相关蛋白基因脯氨酸富裕蛋白基因hrgp(Hydroxyprolin-rich glycoproleins)的表达。当用哺乳动物白细胞质膜NADPH氧化酶的特异性抑制剂二亚苯基碘(Diphenylene iodonium,DPI)与奎吖因(quinacrine)预处理人参悬浮细胞30 min 后,Cle诱导的H2O2释放与Cle激活的质膜NAD(P)H氧化酶活性被抑制,同时Cle诱导的PAL活性及CHS的积累下降,皂苷合成与hrgp的表达被抑制。由此推测:人参细胞质膜NAD(P)H氧化酶与哺乳动物白细胞质膜NADPH氧化酶有很大的相似性。在Cle激发人参悬浮细胞产生氧进发的过程中,NAD(P)H氧化酶活性被诱导从而导致H2O2的产生,H2O2作为第二信使,激活苯丙氨酸途径,诱发人参皂苷的合成及hrgp防御基因的表达。这一过程中还涉及到Ca2+内流,胞内Ca2+浓度的升高,蛋白磷酸化与去磷酸化。人参细胞质膜NAD(P)H氧化酶在人参细胞对Cle的反应过程中起一种介导作用。因此可能存在由Cle刺激,NAD(P)H氧化酶被诱导,H2O2释放,到人     

Deep learning for DNase I hypersensitive sites identification

Background

The DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) are associated with the cis-regulatory DNA elements. An efficient method of identifying DHSs can enhance the understanding on the accessibility of chromatin. Despite a multitude of resources available on line including experimental datasets and computational tools, the complex language of DHSs remains incompletely understood.

Methods

Here, we address this challenge using an approach based on a state-of-the-art machine learning method. We present a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) which combined Inception like networks with a gating mechanism for the response of multiple patterns and longterm association in DNA sequences to predict multi-scale DHSs in Arabidopsis, rice and Homo sapiens.

Results

Our method obtains 0.961 area under curve (AUC) on Arabidopsis, 0.969 AUC on rice and 0.918 AUC on Homo sapiens.

Conclusions

Our method provides an efficient and accurate way to identify multi-scale DHSs sequences by deep learning.

     

In vitro and clinical data analysis of Osteopontin as a prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer

Osteopontin (OPN) has been shown to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) progression; however, the mechanism of OPN‐induced CRC progression is largely unknown. In this study, we found that OPN overexpression led to enhanced anchorage‐independent growth, cell migration and invasion in KRAS gene mutant cells but to a lesser extent in KRAS wild‐type cells. OPN overexpression also induced PI3K signalling, expression of Snail and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and suppressed the expression of E‐cadherin in KRAS mutant cells. In human CRC specimens, a high‐level expression of OPN significantly predicted poorer survival in CRC patients and OPN expression was positively correlated with MMP9 expression, and negatively correlated with E‐cadherin expression. Furthermore, we have found that 15 genes were co‐upregulated in OPN highly expression CRC and a list of candidate drugs that may have potential to reverse the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) gene signature by connectivity mapping. In summary, OPN is a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for colon cancer.