Acetylcholine in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus is involved in the elevated blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

Intravenous injection of physostigmine, 40 and 80 ug/kg, in unanesthetized normotensive rats increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 21 +/- 3 and 42 +/- 7 mmHg. This pressor response was 80% inhibited by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3), 20 ug. Simultaneous icv injection of HC-3 and choline (365 ug) prevented the inhibition of the pressor response by HC-3. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, injection of HC-3 either icv (20 ug) or bilaterally into the posterior hypothalamic nuclei (1 ug) decreased SBP by about 40 mmHg. The effect of intrahypothalamic HC-3 was completely blocked by simultaneous injection of choline (24.3 ug) into the same site. The hypotensive effect of icv HC-3 was completely blocked by icv choline (243 ug) and was inhibited up to 60% by injections of choline (24.3 ug) into the posterior hypothalamic nuclei.     

Intervention trial with selenium for the prevention of lung cancer among tin miners in Yunnan,China

This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of conducting a double-blind clinical trial for the prevention of lung cancer with selenium (Se) in Yunnan Tin Corporation, the People's Republic of China, where the incidence rates of lung cancer are extraordinarily high among the miners. Forty healthy miners were randomized to either 300 μg of Se in high Se malt cakes or an identical placebo of malt cakes daily for one year. Subjects consumed their usual daily diet. The low Se concentrations in plasma (0.05±0.008 μg/mL) and hair (0.442±0.085 μg/g) reflected their low dietary Se intake in the control subjects. In Se-supplemented group, the Se status was increased by 178% for serum and 194.8% for hair. The serum GSHpx activity was increased by 155.7%, whereas the lipid peroxide level was reduced by 74.5% compared to the placebo. The results of UDS assay indicated that the lymphocyte DNA damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation and carcinogen 3,4-benzpyrene could be protected by Se supplementation. Se-supplementation did not affect the liver function test (SGPT), as well as the concentrations of hemoglobin, albumin, and cholesterol. Thus, daily intake of 300 μg Se in form of Se-malt as a chemopreventive measure is safe and effective to humans with low Se status.     

PIXE determination of essential trace elements in some traditional Chinese medicines

Biological Trace Element Research - The essential trace elements in 30 traditional Chinese medicines, (24 tonics and 6 nontonics) were determined by proton-induced X-ray emission. The...     

越桔亚科植物化学成分研究进展

本文综述了近年来越桔亚科植物的研究进展。分别介绍了越桔属,红梅苔子属等化学成分研究的概况。     

中草药“一口钟”的原植物鉴定及其精油的化学成分

云南,四川等省市售的中草药“一口钟”为蓝桉(Eucalyptus globulus Labill.)的果实.用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、标准品迭加和毛细管保留指数定性法,对其精油的化学成分进行分析.从分离的65个成分中,鉴定出36个成分,其含量占总组成的93.80％,主要成分是别香树烯(23.37％),1.8-桉叶油素(20.81％)、金合欢醇(9.95％)、α-水芹烯(8.30％)、δ-愈创木烯(5.95％)、δ-蒎烯(4.09％)、β-水芹烯(3.43％)、α-愈创木烯(3.15％)等.     

Inhibition of human and simian immunodeficiency virus protease function by targeting Vpx-protease-mutant fusion protein into viral particles.

The human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) Vpr and HIV-2 Vpx proteins package into virions through interactions with their cognate Gag polyprotein precursor. The targeting properties of Vpr and Vpx have been exploited to incorporate foreign proteins into virions by expression as heterologous fusion molecules (X. Wu, H.-M. Liu, H. Xiao, J. Kim, P. Seshaiah, G. Natsoulis, J. D. Boeke, B. H. Hahn, and J. C. Kappes, J. Virol. 69:3389-3398, 1995). To explore the possibility of utilizing Vpx and Vpr to target dominant negative mutants of the HIV Pol proteins into virions, we fused HIV-2 Vpx with an enzymatically defective protease (PR) mutant. Using a vector system to facilitate transient coexpression with HIV provirus, Vpx-PR-mutant (VpxPR(M)) fusion protein was expressed and packaged efficiently into HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus virions. Immunoblot analysis of purified virions demonstrated that the packaging of VpxPR(M) interfered with the processing of the Gag and Gag/Pol precursor proteins, similar to that of a well-characterized active-site PR inhibitor. The incomplete processing of Gag and Gag/Pol was consistent with a 25-fold reduction in virion infectivity. The coexpression of a packaging defective VpxPR(M) fusion protein with HIV-2 provirus produced virions with fully processed Gag protein, similar to wild-type virions. Importantly, virions trans complemented with a Vpx-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion protein were normal with respect to the processing of Gag protein and the ability to infect and replicate in vitro. These results indicate that VpxPR(M) specifically inhibited the function of the viral protease and provide for the first time proof of principle that the incorporation of foreign proteins into virions via fusion with Vpx can inhibit HIV replication. The use of accessory proteins as vehicles to deliver deleterious proteins to virions, including dominant negative mutants of Pol proteins, may provide new opportunities for application of gene therapy-based antiretroviral strategies. The ability to package PR by expression in trans, independent of the Gag/Pol precursor, also represents a novel approach that may be exploited to study the function of the Pol proteins.     

寄主植物对瓜蚜酯酶活性及其耐药性的影响

寄主植物对瓜蚜无翅胎生雌蚜体重、体色、体内酯酶活性均有明显影响。取食笋瓜、南瓜、瓠子、黄瓜和冬瓜的瓜蚜,体重依次增加,体色渐深,而体内羧酸酯酶活性依次渐低。取食不同奇主植物的瓜蚜对杀虫剂的耐药性与其体内酯酶活性呈正相关。瓜蚜体内羧酸酯酶活性（X）与乐果对瓜蚜的LC50（Y）附会Y=8．3827X－67．8530（r=0．952）,与功夫菊酯对瓜蚜的LC50（Y）附合Y=1．040X－28．89（r=0．985）的线性关系。     

黄皮种子发育过程中脱水敏感性与细胞膜透性的关系

黄皮（Ｃｌａｕｓｅｎａ ｌａｎｓｉｕｍ （Ｌｏｕｒ．） Ｓｋｅｅｌｓ）胚轴与完整种子的发育模式以及发育中电解质渗漏率变化有些不同． 种子生理成熟前、后的胚轴对脱水的反应也不同,前者经轻微脱水可提高萌发率和活力指数,后者不耐任何程度的脱水．活力指数的急剧下降伴随着电解质渗漏率的迅速上升．实验表明,黄皮种子在发育过程中没有形成耐脱水性． 细胞膜透性变化可反映脱水对种子的伤害程度     

可育的抗除草剂溴苯腈转基因小麦

报道了采用微粒轰击（Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｌｅ ｂｏｍ ｂａｒｄｍ ｅｎｔ） 幼胚将除草剂抗性基因导入小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）的转化研究。实验共使用了１３ 个小麦品种, 从开花后１４～１８ ｄ 的籽粒中剥取幼胚, 植物表达质粒含有ＣａＭＶ ３５Ｓ启动子控制的除草剂溴苯腈抗性基因ｂｘｎ 以及筛选标记基因ＮＴＰⅡ。采用高压放电基因枪,用质粒ＤＮＡ 包被的钨粒轰击预培养３ ｄ 的幼胚。在含有卡那霉素类似物ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｉｎ Ｇ４１８ｓｕｌｐｈａｔｅ 的ＭＳ培养基上, 经过多步骤筛选和分化, 从８００ 多个幼胚中获得了１６ 株转化苗。除草剂抗性鉴定和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交分析证明, 其中４ 株为转基因植物,具有溴苯腈抗性, 并且自交可育。转化工作从分离幼胚到转化苗鉴定完毕, 最短时间为６ 个月, 因此, 该方法是一项快速有效的基因导入技术     

水稻幼芽细胞生物膜上的赤霉素结合蛋白的结合特性

在水稻 (Oryza sativa)幼芽中存在膜结合的赤霉素结合蛋白 ,其与 GA3 结合的平衡解离常数(Kd)为 6.5× 1 0 -8mol/ L,总浓度为 0 .3 pmol· mg-1 蛋白质。结合蛋白与 GA3 结合活力在 0℃时比 2 5℃时高 1 4 0 %。它与 GA3 结合的最适 p H为 5。 GA3 与此结合蛋白的结合量随反应时间延长而增加 ,1 h达最大值 ,以后又逐渐下降。 IAA、ABA可与 GA3 竞争赤霉素结合蛋白。