Similar responses in morphology,growth, biomass allocation,and photosynthesis in invasive <Emphasis Type="Italic">Wedelia trilobata</Emphasis> and native congeners to CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> enrichment

Both global change and biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide. However, their interactions and related mechanisms are still not well elucidated. To elucidate potential traits contributing to invasiveness and whether ongoing increase in CO₂ aggravates invasions, noxious invasive Wedelia trilobata and native Wedelia urticifolia and Wedelia chinensis were compared under ambient and doubled atmospheric CO₂ concentrations in terms of growth, biomass allocation, morphology, and physiology. The invader had consistently higher leaf mass fraction (LMF) and specific leaf area than the natives, contributing to a higher leaf area ratio, and therefore to faster growth and invasiveness. The higher LMF of the invader was due to lower root mass fraction and higher fine root percent. On the other hand, the invader allocated a higher fraction of leaf nitrogen (N) to photosynthetic apparatus, which was associated with its higher photosynthetic rate, and resource use efficiency. All these traits collectively contributed to its invasiveness. CO₂ enrichment increased growth of all studied species by increasing actual photosynthesis, although it decreased photosynthetic capacities due to decreased leaf and photosynthetic N contents. Responses of the invasive and native plants to elevated CO₂ were not significantly different, indicating that the ongoing increase in CO₂ may not aggravate biological invasions, inconsistent with the prevailing results in references. Therefore, more comparative studies of related invasive and native plants are needed to elucidate whether CO₂ enrichment facilitates invasions.     

Molecular characterization and immunohistochemical localization of a mitogen-activated protein kinase, Accp38b, from Apis cerana cerana

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in various processes, including stress responses, development, and differentiation. However, little information on p38 MAPK in insects is available. In this study, a p38 MAPK gene, Accp38b, was isolated from Apis cerana cerana and characterized. The quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) analysis revealed that Accp38b was induced by multiple stressors. Notably, the expression of Accp38b was relatively higher in the pupae phase than in other developmental phases. During the pupae phase, Accp38b expression was higher in the thorax than in the head and abdomen and higher in the fat body than in the muscle and midgut. Immunohistochemisty showed significant positive staining of Accp38b in sections from the brain, eyes, fat body, and midgut of A. cerana cerana. These results suggest that Accp38b may play a crucial role in stress responses and have multiple aspects function during development.     

Inhibition of miR146b-5p suppresses CT-guided renal cell carcinoma by targeting TRAF6

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the urinary system. Due to the lack of early symptoms, diagnosis of RCC usually occurs at late stages or after cancer metastasis leading to poor prognosis. Therefore, it is crucial to study early molecular mechanisms and biomarkers. Previous studies have suggested that microRNAs are involved in RCC initiation and development, making them a good candidate for early diagnosis and therapy. MiR146b-5P plays important roles in the progression of multiple cancers including thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer. However, it is not clear whether and how miR146b-5P is involved in RCC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of miR146b-5P in RCC. We examined the expression levels of miR146b-5p in renal cancer tissue and cell lines. We also explored the effects of blocking miR146b-5p in renal tumor growth and inflammatory signaling. Finally, we determined if miR146b-5p regulates tumorigenesis through TRAF6. We found that miR146b-5p levels were significantly increased in renal cancer tissue and renal cancer cells. Blocking miR146b-5p suppressed renal tumor growth and enhanced inflammatory response through increased TRAF6 expression. These effects were eliminated in TRAF6 knockout mice. Our results suggest that enhanced miR146b-5p expression may be a biomarker for RCC and modulating miR146b-5p and TRAF6 levels represent a potential therapeutic strategy for RCC.     

用改良的MTT法测定rhG-CSF活性

ＭＴＴ测定法是根据线粒体脱氢酶催化ＭＴＴ形成蓝色甲■的多少来检测活细胞数和功能状态的,但原始方法中存在着一些问题,如敏感性偏低、有机溶剂产生蛋白质沉淀以及产物的溶解度偏低等。为了摸索测定 ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ活性的最适条件,我们以 ＮＦＳ－６０细胞为对象,比较了多种溶解缓冲液,并且对细胞数、ＭＴＴ浓度及保留时间、溶解液用量等条件进行了选择。结果表明,ＤＭＦ－２０％ＳＤＳ和 ２０％ＳＤＳ的效果最好,测定时细胞数为每孔 １０００个细胞,所加 ＭＴＴ浓度为 １ｍｇ／ｍｌ,保留时间为 ４ ｈ,溶解液的用量为每孔 １００μｌ。     

The effect of cerium (III) on the chlorophyll formation in spinach

The effect of Ce³⁺ on the chlorophyll (chl) of spinach was studied in pot culture experiments. The results showed that Ce³⁺ could obviously stimulate the growth of spinach and increase its chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rate. It could also improve the PSII formation and enhance its electron transport rate of PSII as well. By inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy and atom absorption spectroscopy methods, it was revealed that the rare-earth-element (REE) distribution pattern in the Ce³⁺-treated spinach was leaf>root>shoot in Ce³⁺ contents. The spinach leaves easily absorbed REEs. The Ce³⁺ contents of chloroplast and chlorophyll of the Ce³⁺-treated spinach were higher than that of any other rare earth and were much higher than that of the control; it was also suggested that Ce³⁺ could enter the chloroplast and bind easily to chlorophyll and might replace magnesium to form Ce-chlorophyll. By ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) methods, Ce³⁺-coordinated nitrogen of porphyrin rings with eight coordination numbers and average length of the Ce-N bond of 0.251 nm.     

黄孢原毛平革菌抗营养阻遏产漆酶诱变育种及其产酶特性

【目的】筛选能抗营养阻遏产漆酶的黄孢原毛平革菌,论证其产漆酶的确定性及抗营养阻遏产木质素酶的可行性,为白腐菌产酶代谢调控、木质素降解机理的研究奠定基础。【方法】利用重复紫外诱变法,以愈创木酚富氮鉴别培养基筛选目标菌株;比较不同营养条件下菌体生长与产酶动力学差异研究产酶营养调控机理;通过热处理、排除锰离子和加入过氧化氢酶等不同措施论证黄孢原平毛平革菌能否产生漆酶。【结果】3种不同方法均证实选育到的pcR5305和pcR5324菌株在限氮与富氮条件下均能产生漆酶,pcR5305和pcR5324在限氮条件下产漆酶分别达到203.5、187.6 U/L;在富氮条件下为220.6、183.9 U/L,而原菌株pc530在两种条件下都基本不产生漆酶。二菌株产漆酶调控方式不同,pcR5305漆酶产生与菌体生长同步,而pcR5324漆酶产生却受营养氮阻遏。二菌株同时具有抗营养阻遏高产木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)和锰过氧化物酶(MnP)(分别为LiP 1343.2、MnP 252.2 U/L;LiP 1169.5、MnP 172.4 U/L)的能力。【结论】筛选到的黄孢原毛平革菌变异菌株能产漆酶,同时表现了抗营养阻遏产漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶的能力,具有重要的生产应用与理论研究价值,为白腐菌产酶代谢调控机理研究提供了原始菌株并奠定了良好的基础。