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TCP transcription factors are critical for the coordinated regulation of ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana
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84.
Gao X Li K Hui X Kong X Sweeney G Wang Y Xu A Teng M Liu P Wu D 《The Biochemical journal》2011,435(3):723-732
The adipocyte is the principal cell type for fat storage. CPT1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation, but the physiological role of CPT1 in adipocytes remains unclear. In the present study, we focused on the specific role of CPT1A in the normal functioning of adipocytes. Three 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell lines stably expressing hCPT1A (human CPT1A) cDNA, mouse CPT1A shRNA (short-hairpin RNA) or GFP (green fluorescent protein) were generated and the biological functions of these cell lines were characterized. Alteration in CPT1 activity, either by ectopic overexpression or pharmacological inhibition using etomoxir, did not affect adipocyte differentiation. However, overexpression of hCPT1A significantly reduced the content of intracellular NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) compared with the control cells when adipocytes were challenged with fatty acids. The changes were accompanied by an increase in fatty acid uptake and a decrease in fatty acid release. Interestingly, CPT1A protected against fatty acid-induced insulin resistance and expression of pro-inflammatory adipokines such as TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in adipocytes. Further studies demonstrated that JNK (c-Jun N terminal kinase) activity was substantially suppressed upon CPT1A overexpression, whereas knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of CPT1 caused a significant enhancement of JNK activity. The specific inhibitor of JNK SP600125 largely abolished the changes caused by the shRNA- and etomoxir-mediated decrease in CPT1 activity. Moreover, C2C12 myocytes co-cultured with adipocytes pre-treated with fatty acids displayed altered insulin sensitivity. Taken together, our findings have identified a favourable role for CPT1A in adipocytes to attenuate fatty acid-evoked insulin resistance and inflammation via suppression of JNK. 相似文献
85.
L Kuai C Wu Q Qiu J Zhang A Zhou S Wang H Zhang Q Song S Liao Y Han J Liu Z Ma 《The journal of peptide research》2000,56(2):59-62
Erythropoietin (EPO) mimetic peptide (EMP) encoding sequence was inserted into the gene of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) between Ala348 and Pro349 (P2'-P3'), generating a novel gene, PAI-1/EMP (PMP). This was cloned into pET32a expression vector, fused with TrxA peptide in the vector, and a 63-kDa protein was expressed in inclusion bodies with an expression level >50%. The TrxA/PMP protein was purified by Ni-NTA-agarose metal-ligand affinity chromatography to a purity >90%, showing a single, silver-stained band on SDS-PAGE. Using a reticulocyte counting assay, the EPO activity of PMP was determined to be 5,000 IU/mg, 2,500-fold that of EMP. 相似文献
86.
Ectopic overexpression of AtHDG11 in tall fescue resulted in enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ya-Jun Cao Qiang Wei Yang Liao He-Ling Song Xian Li Cheng-Bin Xiang Ben-Ke Kuai 《Plant cell reports》2009,28(4):579-588
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a cool-season perennial grass, which has been conventionally grown in the temperate area. However, as a major
type of cool-season turf grass, its growth has been extended to the sub-tropical climate or even to the transitional climate
between the sub-tropical and the tropical, and, in some cases, to heavily salinized lands. The extended growth imposes a serious
challenge to its tolerance to the abiotic stress, particularly to drought, salt and high temperature. Here, we report a successful
introduction of Arabidopsis AtHDG11 into the tall fescue via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The ectopic overexpression of AtHDG11 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter with four enhancers resulted in significantly enhanced tolerance to drought and salt
stress. No obvious adverse effects on growth and development were observed in the transgenic plants. The enhanced stress tolerance
was associated with a more extensive root system, a lower level of malondialdehyde, a nearly normal Na+/K+ ratio, a higher level of proline and a kinetically accelerated induction of SOD and CAT activities observed in the transgenic
plants during drought and/or salt stress, indicating that an enhanced ROS scavenging capability might play a significant role
in the acquired tolerance to the abiotic stress.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Ya-Jun Cao and Qiang Wei contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
87.
Jin Yu Jiong Gao Xiao Yan Wang Qiang Wei Li Feng Yang Kai Qiu Ben Ke Kuai 《Journal of Plant Biology》2010,53(6):417-424
Probenazole (PBZ; 3-allyloxy-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide) is a highly effective chemical inducer of systemic-acquired
resistance (SAR). It has been used widely to protect rice plants against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Previous studies have shown that PBZ induces SAR through enhanced accumulation of salicylic acid (SA). Plants synthesize
SA by either a pathway that uses phenylalanine as substrate or another that involves isochorismate. To clarify how SA is produced
in PBZ-treated Arabidopsis, we examined the expression patterns and enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and isochorismate synthase
(ICS), which are the main components of the phenylalanine and isochorismate pathways, respectively. PBZ exposure significantly
improved the accumulation of SA and increased ICS activity. In the sid2–2 mutant, which has a defect in ICS1, PBZ had no effect on the level of endogenous SA or activity of ICS. In contrast, PAL activity and the expression of most
PAL genes were down-regulated by such treatment in wild-type plants. These results suggest that SA is mainly synthesized via
the ICS-mediated pathway in Arabidopsis. 相似文献
88.
A developmentally stunted mutant (dsm1) of Arabidopsis, isolated from an EMS mutant screen, had a pleiotropic phenotype, including repressed germination, retarded growth, delayed
flowering, and impaired fertility. Additionally, dsm1 had a lifespan of approximately 160 days, which was more than twice the lifespan of the wild type (Col-0). Fine morphological
and anatomical characters, such as the shoot apical meristem, root apical meristem, seed shape, and seed surface, were obviously
altered in dsm1. We found that both abscisic acid and zeatin riboside levels were significantly greater in dsm1 than in Col-0 at all stages of development, while the levels of indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellins varied by age. The
expressions of some abscisic acid-related genes were higher in dsm1 than in Col-0. These data indicate that DSM1 may play a general role in plant growth and development. 相似文献
89.
Exploring novel bioactive compounds from marine microbes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The historical paradigm of the deep ocean as a biological 'desert' has shifted to one of a 'rainforest' owing to the isolation of many novel microbes and their associated bioactive compounds. Recently, there has been an explosion of information about novel bioactive compounds that have been isolated from marine microbes in an effort to further explore the relatively untapped marine microbes and their secondary metabolites for drug discovery. The microbes are recovered and purified from the ocean by both conventional and innovative isolation methods to obtain those previously thought to be 'uncultivable'. To overcome the difficulties and limitations associated with cultivation techniques, several DNA-based molecular methods have been developed to bypass the culture-dependent bottleneck. Bioactive compounds isolated using the above strategies have not only shown importance in biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications but have also increased our understanding of the diversity of marine microbiota, ecosystem functions and the exploitable biology. 相似文献
90.
Summary By screening cell colonies derived from protoplasts of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), transformed with a rice actin-1-promoter-ß-glucuronidase gene construct, several ß-glucuronidase positive callus clones were obtained. Two callus clones with different GUS expression were derived from these. One was light blue after X-gluc staining, and expression of the ß-glucuronidase gene was stable over repeated subculture, while another stained intensely blue, and expression of the ß-glucuronidase gene was unstable. Southern blot analysis showed that only one copy of the ß-glucuronidase gene was integrated into the genome, and that these two clones appeared to have the same integration pattern. Treatment with 5-azacytidine maintained GUS expression in the unstable line but had no effect on reactivating expression of the GUS gene after expression had been lost. Following the screening procedure the callus clones would only regenerate albino plants.Abbreviations X-gluc
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylglucuronide
- GUS
ß-glucuronidase
- CaMV
cauliflower mosaic virus
- PEG
polyethylene glycol
- AZC
5-azacytidine
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulphate
- UV
ultraviolet
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid disodium salt
- SSPE
salt-sodium-phosphate-EDTA
- SSC
standard saline citrate
- hpt
hygromycin phosphotransferase 相似文献