Ap、Km和Cm抗性细菌在土壤中的差异分布及成因

从不同区域土壤中分离细菌：对其进行氨苄青碡素、卡那霉素和氯霉素的抗性测试,以及抗药性质粒分析。结果表明,对照区和生活区土壤细菌抗氨苄青霉素和卡那霉素菌株比例未见显著性差异,未检出抗氯霉素细菌。保护区中抗氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素菌株含质粒比例均为18.2％,生活区中抗氨苄青霉素和卡那霉素菌株含质粒比例分别为36.4％和27．3％。随机抽提质粒转化无抗忡菌,表明部分抗菌素抗性基因是由质粒携带。实验结果认为本地土壤中抗菌素抗性菌分布差异尚未有显著性表现。     

Efficient somatic embryogenesis and bulblet regeneration of the endangered bulbous flower <Emphasis Type="Italic">Griffinia liboniana</Emphasis>

Using flower organs as primary explants and via somatic embryogenesis, we developed an efficient protocol for bulblet regeneration from in vitro-derived seedlings (bulblets) of Griffinia liboniana. Callus induction was tested on five types of floral organ (perianth, filament, pedicel, ovary and anther) in the presence of three combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA). Filament constituted the most responsive primary explant for regenerative callus induction, and the highest frequencies of callus induction (63.0?±?1.9%) and numbers of differentiated buds (3.7?±?0.3 buds/callus) were found on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 1.0 mg L^?1 2,4-D and 1.0 mg L^?1 6-BA. Starting with in vitro-derived bulblets (0.8–1.5 cm in diameter), somatic embryo (SE) formation occurred within 6 weeks, followed by 8 weeks for SE germination and development on PGR-free media. The highest percentage (78.9?±?2.2%) of embryogenesis was obtained on MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg L^?1 6-BA and 1.5 mg L^?1 2,4-D, with an average of 28.0?±?2.1 bulblets/explant. Well-rooted bulblets were successfully acclimated to ex vitro conditions. A stable ploidy level of the regenerated bulblets was confirmed by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. This is the first report about micropropagation methods of G. liboniana and constitutes an efficient and reusable method for bulblet regeneration of this endangered species. Additionally, this protocol enables large-scale vegetative production, germplasm preservation and genetic engineering of endangered Griffinia species.     

Length‐length and length‐weight relationships for four fish species from Naolihe National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang, China

In this study the length‐length and length‐weight relationships for four fish species from Naolihe National Nature Reserve in China belonging to three families and four genera were analyzed. They are Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877; Rhodeus sericeus Pallas, 1776; Cobitis lutheri Rendahl, 1935; and Misgurnus mohoity Dybowski, 1869. Fish samples were collected in May 2017 from Naolihe National Nature Reserve by fish catching cage (31*41 cm caliber, 16 m length, 3–5 mm mesh diameter), and identified as to species in the laboratory according to S. Q. Zhu (Synopsis of freshwater fishes of China, Jiangsu Science and Technology Publishing House, Nanjing, China, 1995).     

2020年发表的全球维管植物新种

为了解世界维管植物新物种的基本信息, 明确生物多样性面临的威胁, 总结未来研究方向, 本文对2020年世界维管植物新物种的数据进行了统计分析。根据国际植物名称索引(IPNI)的记录, 截至2021年2月1日, 2020年全球发现1,747种维管植物新种, 由1,544名植物学家(264位中国植物学家, 1,280位国外植物学家)发表在103种期刊和5本书中。1,747种维管植物新种包括被子植物1,689种、蕨类植物52种、裸子植物6种。其中大部分来源于维管植物最大的几个科, 例如菊科、兰科和胡椒科。植物学家描述的美洲南部和热带亚洲维管植物新种超过828种, 是2020年维管植物新种发现最重要的两个地区。中国、巴西和马达加斯加是2020年贡献维管植物新种最多的前三位, 分别有247、223、99个新种。值得关注的是, Phytotaxa和PhytoKeys是2020年发表维管植物新种的主要期刊, 分别发表644种和168种。在各物种新名称中, 有5个无效名称和2个不合法名称。尽管近年来对生物多样性的关注日益增加, 但世界上仍有许多物种尚未被发现, 需要对各个地区植物进一步调查和研究, 尤其是生物多样性热点地区和岛屿地区。     

山东省假性肥大型肌营养不良的RFLP分析 Ⅰ．可疑携带者的基因型确定

本文选用10个DMD基因内部和桥探针,对山东省9个地区的21个DMD／BMD家系的173名成员进行RFLP分析,其中可疑携带者55人,多数家系应用1－3个探针,有基因重组家庭选用4－5个探针,便可完成多态分析,RFLP分析可以确定85．45％的可疑携带者（≥95％可信限）,即13人确定为携带者,30人排除携带者,另有4人风险大幅提高,通过这些探针的群体多态检测和不同家庭结构和类型的应用分析,我们提出了在中国人群中DMD／SMD基因诊断的基本程序。     

Immunocytochemical Localization of Glutamine Synthetase in Organs of Phaseolus vulgaris L

Glutamine synthetase was localized in nodules, roots, stems, and leaves of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by immunocytochemistry. Affinity purified antibodies reactive with glutamine synthetase were prepared using purified nodule-enhanced glutamine synthetase. Immunogold labeling was observed in the cell cytoplasm in each plant organ. In nodules, the labeling was more intense in the infected cells than in the uninfected cells. No labeling was observed in nodule bacteroids, peribacteroid spaces, or in peribacteroid membranes, while previous reports of glutamine synthetase immunolabeling of legume nodules showed labeling in the bacteroid fraction. Significant labeling was observed in nodule proplastids which contained starch granules. Substantial labeling was also observed in leaf chloroplasts. No labeling was observed in other organelles including mitochondria, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. Preimmune IgGs did not bind to any structure in the tissues examined.     

恒河猴、懒猴和树鼩的短时空间记忆功能与前额叶背侧部进化水平的相关性(英文)

本文研究探讨了进化地位不同的三种动物的短时空间记忆功能及其与前额叶背侧部进化水平的相关性。结果表明,在延缓反应作业中,经1000次训练后,7只恒河猴对空间位置的记忆时间平均为7.7±3.2min,懒猴为3.8±0.44min,而树鼩即使在延缓时间几乎为零秒的延缓反应中,其正确反应率也未达到90％标准。一种延缓时间仅测试一个单元,即不经训练的实验表明,恒河猴在延缓期为“0”—5min的各测试单元中,正确反应率稳定在80％以上;懒猴在延缓时间为“0”—4min的各测试单元中,平均正确反应率与恒河猴无明显差异,而当延缓时间增加到5min时,在延缓反应作业中取得的成绩显著下降;树鼩在延缓时间为1—5min的作业中取得的正确反应率在70％以下。3种动物在视觉辨别学习作业中却无明显差异。形态学研究表明,灵长类大脑前额叶的面积和结构的复杂性在进化过程中逐渐增大,如恒河猴大脑前额叶的表面积占大脑半球表面积的11.5％(Brodmann,1929),其内颗粒层发达,背侧部明显凸起,主沟区发达;懒猴的前额叶表面积占其大脑半球表面积的8.3％,背侧部凸起不显著,主沟未形成,额极内颗粒层分化明显,背侧部的内颗粒层较内侧部的发达程度差(Sanides,1967);树鼩的前额叶表面积占7.5％,额极的内颗粒层分化不明显,为非颗粒化区,此区之后为颗粒区     

催乳素对培养的绵羊睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌的影响

在绵羊睾丸间质细胞体外无血清长期培养的条件下,研究了催乳素对睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌的调节作用。实验结果表明,催乳素可增强细胞对人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)刺激的反应。催乳素的这种作用呈双相调节。睾酮分泌量显著高于hCG和催乳素单独作用时的总和。在hCG存在下,不同的底物转化为睾酮的量不同。其中雄烯二酮和孕酮转化为睾酮的方式存在着双相性。脱氢表雄酮转为睾酮的量少,不存在双相性,而与其剂量成正比。催乳素在hCG存在下可调节底物转化为睾酮。低剂量的催乳素(1ng/ml)可使一定剂量的孕酮(10～30ng/ml)转化为睾酮的量明显增加,而高剂量的催乳素(>10ng/ml)却明显地抑制孕酮转化为睾酮。催乳素可明显地抑制雄烯二酮转化为睾酮,与剂量无关。可见催乳素对于孕酮和雄烯二酮这两个关键底物转化为睾酮的调节是不同的。催乳素增强hCG刺激睾酮分泌的作用可能部分是通过其促进孕酮转化为睾酮来实现的。     

草鱼出血病病毒对其它鱼的感染性研究

用草鱼出血病病鱼分离出的草鱼出血病病毒(Grass carp hemorrhage virus,GCHV)感染其它常见鱼并用ELISA方法检查感染鱼组织提取液,结果表明:青鱼、鲢鱼、布氏鳌条对GCHV抗体呈阳性反应;鲤鱼、鳙鱼、鲫鱼、团头鲂、泥鳅则呈阴性反应。综合感染鱼发病症状及死亡特征,初步认为:青鱼对GCHV是易感的,GCHV能在鲢鱼、布氏蟹条体内增值,但毒力较低,鳙鱼、鲫鱼、团头鲂、鲤鱼、泥鳅能抗GCHV感染。     

微嗜酸寡养单胞菌中的漆酶对黄曲霉毒素B1降解脱毒的生物活性

[目的]探究微嗜酸寡养单胞菌中的漆酶对AFB1的降解活性,并确定漆酶在菌株CW117降解代谢AFB1过程中的贡献.[方法]从微嗜酸寡养单胞菌基因组中,共筛选到两个漆酶基因lc1和lc2,并用大肠杆菌BL21外源表达蛋白rLC1和rLC2,在体外检测其对AFB1的降解活性.同时参考前人报道,研究了氧化性辅剂对漆酶AFB1...