慢性缺氧对肺动脉内皮依赖性和非内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响

本实验用生物测定法观察了模拟海拔5000m高度连续缺氧20d对大鼠肺动脉内皮依赖性和非内皮依赖性舒张反应的影响。结果显示慢性缺氧明显抑制了肺内和肺外动脉对乙酰胆碱、ATP、硝普钠和异丙肾上腺素舒张反应的敏感性和反应性。在浓度为10~(-6)mol/L时,缺氧组大鼠肺内动脉对乙酰胆碱、硝普钠和异丙肾上腺素的舒张反应分别只有对照组大鼠的61.3％、75.9％和61.7％,对浓度为1.8×10~(-5)mol/L的ATP的舒张反应只有对照组大鼠的64.9％。研究表明,ATP和乙酰胆碱主要是通过内皮舒张因子使肺动脉产生内皮依赖性舒张反应,硝普钠和异丙肾上腺素分别通过直接激活血管平滑肌细胞鸟苷酸环化酶和β受体使血管产生非内皮依赖性舒张反应。缺氧同时抑制了肺动脉内皮依赖性和非内皮依赖性舒张反应,提示慢性缺氧可能抑制了正常肺内舒血管活性物质的生理作用。     

用人DNA介导的基因转移修复中国仓鼠细胞的HPRT缺陷

 中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO-K1)经N-甲基-N'-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)诱变和6-巯基鸟嘌呤(6-TG)选择,得到稳定的次黄嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(HPRT)缺陷细胞株,酶活性仅为野生型的6.5％。用磷酸钙共沉淀法和电脉冲法向HPRT-细胞转移人宫颈癌细胞(HeLaS_3)基因组DNA,纠正了CHO细胞的HPRT缺陷。酶活性提高了6.9倍,达到野生型的45％。用Alu序列探针进行分子杂交,证实经过基因转移并连续传代15次以上的受体细胞中含人DNA序列。表明人的有关基因已稳定地整合到CHO细胞的染色体中。     

Swelling and Ca2+-activated Anion Conductances in C127 Epithelial Cells Expressing WT and ΔF508-CFTR

CFTR is a chloride channel that is required for fluid secretion and salt absorption in many exocrine epithelia. Mutations in CFTR cause cystic fibrosis. CFTR expression influences some ion channels, but the range of channels influenced, the mechanism of the interaction and the significance for cystic fibrosis are not known. Possible interactions between CFTR and other ion channels were studied in C127 mouse mammary epithelial cell lines stably transfected with CFTR, ΔF508-CFTR, or vector. Cell lines were compared quantitatively using an ¹²⁵I efflux assay and qualitatively using whole-cell patch-clamp recording. As expected, ¹²⁵I efflux was significantly increased by forskolin only in the CFTR line, and forskolin-stimulated whole-cell currents were time- and voltage independent. All three lines responded to hypotonic challenge with large ¹²⁵I efflux responses of equivalent magnitude, and whole-cell currents were outwardly rectified and inactivated at positive voltages. Unexpectedly, basal ¹²⁵I efflux was significantly smaller in the ΔF508-CFTR cell line than in either the CFTR or control cell lines (P < 0.0001), and the magnitude of the efflux response to ionomycin was largest in the vector cell line and smallest in the cell line expressing ΔF508-CFTR (P < 0.01). Whole-cell responses to ionomycin had a linear instantaneous I-V relation and activated at depolarizing voltages. Forskolin responses showed simple summation with responses to ionomycin or hypotonic challenge. Thus, we found no evidence for interactions between CFTR and the channels responsible for swelling-mediated responses. Differences were found in basal and ionomycin-stimulated efflux, but these may arise from variations in the clonally selected cell lines that are unrelated to CFTR expression. Received: 15 November 1995/Revised: 16 February 1996     

Role of protein kinase A and the serine-rich region of herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP4 in viral replication.

Efficient expression of herpes simplex virus genes requires the synthesis of functional ICP4, a nuclear phosphoprotein that contains a prominent serine-rich region between amino acids 142 and 210. Residues in this region not only are potential sites for phosphorylation but also are involved in the functions of ICP4. By comparing the growth of a virus in which this region is deleted (d8-10) with wild-type virus (KOS) in PC12 cells or PC12 cells that are deficient in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), two observations were made: (i) the growth of wild-type virus was impaired by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in the PKA-deficient cells, indicating the involvement of PKA in the growth cycle of herpes simplex virus type 1, and (ii) while the growth of d8-10 was impaired by almost 2 orders of magnitude in wild-type cells, it was not further impaired (as was that of wild-type virus) in PKA-deficient cells, implicating the region deleted in d8-10 as a possible target for cellular PKA. In trigeminal'ganglia of mice, the d8-10 mutant virus grew poorly; however, it established latency in nearly 90% of ganglia tested. Studies of the phosphorylation of wild-type and d8-10 ICP4 proteins revealed that the serine-rich region is a major determinant for phosphorylation of ICP4 in vivo and that the phosphorylation state could change as a function of the PKA activity. Consistent with this observation, the serine-rich region of ICP4 was shown to be a target for PKA in vitro. While intact ICP4 was readily phosphorylated by ICP4 in vitro, the d8-10 mutant ICP4 was not. Moreover, a synthethic peptide representing a sequence in the serine tract that is predicted to be a substrate for PKA was phosphorylated by PKA in vitro, having a Km within the physiological range. These data suggest that PKA plays a role in viral growth through phosphorylation of one or more sites on the ICP4 molecule.     

中国野豌豆属的分类研究

本文报道了国产野豌豆属43种,4变种及6变型,其中包括4个新种(多叶野豌豆,三尖野豌豆,武山野豌豆,长齿野豌豆);一个新变种(三叶歪头菜)及一个新等级(千山野豌豆)。     

川百合花粉管的生殖细胞分裂过程中微管骨架的分布变化

应用透射电镜辅以免疫荧光定位技术研究了川百合 (Lilium davidii Duch.)花粉管中生殖细胞分裂过程中染色体动态和微管分布的关系。在生殖细胞分裂前和有丝分裂前期 ,电镜观察一直未见微管结构 ,但免疫荧光图象显示生殖细胞中有微管蛋白存在。直到分裂的前中期—中期 ,染色体出现 ,它们沿花粉管的长轴前后排列 ,横向的着丝点对相应地一对对地纵向排列。这时 ,生殖细胞中才出现大量微管 ,它们分布于细胞周质区和染色体之间 ,并跨越染色体的整个长度。前中期—中期开始时 ,只有 1～ 2对着丝点从横向转为纵向 ,微管垂直插入着丝点形成着丝点微管 ,而非前人用免疫荧光方法观察到的微管与着丝点侧向联接的图象。随着横向的着丝点对逐渐转变成纵向的过程 ,着丝点微管数量逐渐增多 ,但不形成典型的纺锤体。分裂后期 ,染色体交错分离 ,微管的分布与前中期—中期的基本相同。晚后期 ,染色体呈明显的两群 ,除极区和细胞中央区有微管残余外 ,大部分微管消失。通过染色体长度的测量 ,间接证明了分裂后期 B的存在。分裂末期的晚期 ,核膜形成后 ,在两精核之间的区域 ,微管数量开始增多。此区可能代表用免疫荧光所观察到的微管重叠区。细胞板出现后 ,微管消失     

多胚水稻ApⅢ（双13）的胚胎学观察

对多胚水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）ＡｐⅢ的大量成熟颖果、人工萌发的幼苗和开花后３～５ ｄ 的幼嫩颖果进行的整体解剖和显微制片观察表明：ＡｐⅢ的５０００粒成熟颖果中,８９．０％ 含单胚单苗,８．９％ 和１．２％分别含双胚双苗和三胚三苗;７００多粒幼嫩颖果中,９０．０％ ～９５．０％ 含单胚,５．０％ ～７．０％ 含双胚。因制片的数目有限,未见到含三胚的;在含单胚和多胚颖果中,胚均位于同一胚囊的珠孔端,未见到胚囊以外存在不定胚。根据上述结果,似可以认为ＡｐⅢ单粒颖果的双胚和三胚是由同一胚囊内的卵细胞和１或２个助细胞受精或不受精发育而来的     

柑桔果实中柠檬苦素类化合物的研究现状与展望

柠檬苦素类似物（ｌｉｍｏｎｏｉｄ）是三萜类的植物次生代谢产物,主要存在于芸香科和楝科植物中。柠檬苦素（ｌｉｍｏｎｉｎ）及其类似物存在于柑桔属（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ）的多种植物中。至今已从柑桔属植物中分离出３６种柠檬苦素类似物及１７种柠檬苦素类似物配糖体。柑桔中苦味原因之一为柠檬苦素类似物。作为其代表具有强烈苦味的柠檬苦素和诺米林如果在柑桔果汁中含量超过６ｍｇ／Ｌ,那么这种柑桔用于饮食业已不适合［１］。近年来,笔者对柑桔果实中的柠檬苦素类似物的生理变化及生物合成作过系统研究［１～９］,并提出将柠檬苦素类似…     

露水草的光合特性及其生态学意义

用盆栽和遮阴试验研究了露水草（Ｃｙａｎｏｔｉｓ ａｒａｃｈｎｏｉｄｅａ Ｃｌａｒｋｅ） 的光合作用特征,比较了不同遮光水平对光合速率、光合器官特性及光合产量的影响。结果如下：１．露水草是一种耐阴偏阳的Ｃ３ 类草木植物,其光合作用的光饱和点约为６５０ μｍ ｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １,光补偿点约为１７ μｍ ｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １,且具有高达１３０×１０－ ６的ＣＯ２ 补偿点。２．露水草的最大净光合速率为１２．４５ μｍ ｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １。叶片净光合速率的日变化规律呈双峰曲线,主峰在１１～１２ 时,次峰在１５时左右。３．遮光２０％ ～５０％ 有利于露水草的生长。与对照相比,叶片中叶绿素ｂ 的含量增加了４７％ ～８３％ ,并且由于净光合速率（相对光合速率）的提高,使光合生产量增加了１２％ ～１８％ 。