Chlorella pyrenoidosa 7-11-05 in batch and in homogeneous continuous culture under autotrophic conditions

The growth ofChlorella pyrenoidosa 7-11-05 in batch and in continuous culture using two types of cultivation vessels was compared. The high values of specific growth rate obtained in batch deep stirred tank culture containing small amount of inoculum are not easily attainable in continuous culture with regard to the high number of autospores formed throughout the ontogenetic cycle ofChlorella. The obtained surface and volume productivities prove that in both types of cultivation vessels a high growth intensity can be achieved. The deep tank perfectly mixed cultivation may become of significance in the future.     

La borrerine: Nouvel alcaloïde isolé du Borreria verticillata

Borreria verticillata has been found to contain two new tetrahydro-β-carboline alkaloids borrerine and an apparent dimer, borreverine. The structure of the former has been determined.     

Botanische Reise in Serbien im Jahre 1869

Ohne ZusammenfassungEin Schreiben an Janka.     

Zur Kenntnis der Phlobaphenkörper in Früchten einigerMalus-Arten

Zusammenfassung Die von Molisch in der Epidermis und dem Hypoderm der Weinbeeren entdeckte Erscheinung, daß sich an der den Sonnenstrahlen ausgesetzten Seite dieser Früchte aus flüssigem Gerbstoff feste und gefärbte Phlobaphenballen bilden, wird auch in der Epidermis der Früchte vonMalus Toringo undM. floribunda beobachtet. Da — besonders beiMalus-Toringo- Früchten — unter der Einwirkung des Lichtes an der besonnten Fruchtseite reichlich auch Anthozyan erscheint, kommt es an dieser Seite zu einer mosaikartigen Verteilung der Zellen, von denen die einen feste, gelb bis gelbbraun gefärbte Phlobaphenkörper (verfestigte Vakuolen), die anderen flüssige, anthozyanführende Vakuolen enthalten. In manchen Fällen befinden sich beide Arten von Vakuolen in ein und derselben Zelle. Einige feste Vakuolen (Phlobaphenkörper) sind in einer intrazellulären Membran eingekapselt, deren Gerüstsubstanz Zellulosecharakter hat.In den flüssigen, ungefärbten Vakuolen, aus denen Phlobaphenkörper entstehen, wurde die Anwesenheit des Gerbstoffes sichergestellt. Es wird aber vermutet, daß den Gerbstoffen auch andere kolloide Substanzen beigemengt sind.Die Untersuchung wurde während meines dreimonatigen Aufenthaltes im Pflanzenphysiologischen Institut der Universität Graz durchgeführt. Dem Vorstand des Institutes, Herrn Professor Dr. F. Weber, sowie Herrn Professor Dr. O. Härtel und Frau Dr. L. Brat danke ich bestens für ihr liebenswürdiges Entgegenkommen.     

Über den Einflu\ des Hyperhypophysismus auf das Wachstum,die Entwicklung und Pigmentation der Amphibienlarven

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Hypocrealean fungi associated with populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ips typographus</Emphasis> in West Carpathians and selection of local <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beauveria</Emphasis> strains for effective bark beetle control

In Slovakia, a diversity of entomopathogenic fungi (Ascomycota, Hypocreales) associated with outbreaks of Ips typographus was studied in 81 localities and as many as 113 in vitro cultures of five entomopathogenic species were isolated from infected individuals: Beauveria bassiana (87 isolates), B. pseudobassiana (14 isolates), B. caledonica (6 isolates), Lecanicillium lecanii (4 isolates) and Isaria farinosa (2 isolates). B. pseudobassiana is recorded in natural populations of I. typographus for the first time. Biological properties of selected Beauveria isolates, including colony growth, biomass production, conidia yield and pathogenicity to I. typographus adults, were studied in a series of laboratory bioassays and much intra- and interspecific variability was detected. B. bassiana isolates produced biomass or conidia at significantly higher rate than B. pseudobassiana and B. caledonica isolates. Two B. bassiana isolates were selected as the most virulent to bark beetle adults, demonstrating a mean LC₅₀ ranging from 0.72 to 2.05?×?10⁶ conidia ml^?1, and were qualified as promising candidates for biocontrol of I. typographus. Their virulence was significantly higher than that of the mycoinsecticides Boverol®, which was used as a reference strain in the virulence bioassays.     

Clonal crayfish as biological model: a review on marbled crayfish

Since the mid-twentieth century, numerous vertebrates and invertebrates have been used as model organisms and become indispensable tools for exploring a broad range of biological and ecological processes. Crayfish seem to be adequate models which resulted in their involvement in research. In the two decades since its discovery, ongoing research has confirmed that the marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017) is an ideal taxon in this regard, especially due to its almost continuous asexual reproduction providing a source of genetically identical offspring. This review provides an overview of the occurrence, biology, ecology, ethology, and human exploitation of marbled crayfish with primary focus on its use as a laboratory model organism as well as potential risks to native biota in case of its introduction. Genetic uniformity, ease of culture, and a broad behaviour repertoire fosters the use of marbled crayfish in epigenetics and developmental biology, as well as physiological, ecotoxicological, and ethological research. Marbled crayfish could be further exploited for basic and applied fields of science such as evolutionary biology and clonal tumour evolution. However, due to its high invasive potential in freshwater environments security measures must be taken to prevent its escape into the wild.