农业主产区湖泊水质对湖滨带多尺度景观格局的空间响应

为分析农业主产区湖泊水环境质量对不同空间尺度上景观格局的响应关系,以洪湖为研究对象,以5种湖泊功能区为基础,利用RS和GIS软件生成7种空间尺度的湖滨带缓冲区,采用Fragstats 软件分析景观格局指数,结合冗余分析等数理统计方法与模型,研究景观格局对洪湖水质变化的空间尺度效应。结果表明: 1)景观格局在不同宽度缓冲区内对湖泊水质的影响具有空间尺度性,在200 m宽度其解释能力最大,达到86.1%,是影响水质的最有效空间尺度。2)景观配置变量(如最大斑块指数、斑块密度等)对水质的影响程度大于景观组成变量(如面积比例和均匀度指数等)。3)景观类型对水质的影响机制具有较大的差异性,农业用地受流域的地形地貌和耕作方式等因素的影响,在100～500 m小尺度的湖滨带缓冲区内对水质退化起主导作用;在远离水体的相对较大尺度(1000～5000 m),林地分布越密集、面积越大,对污染物进入水体的净化作用越明显;草地对水质的影响与林地一致;密集分布的城市用地对水质的影响与林地相反。研究结果可以从宏观尺度上为农业主产区湖泊流域水质管理和景观合理配置提供科学参考。     

Meta‐replication,sampling bias,and multi‐scale model selection: A case study on snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in western China

Replicated multiple scale species distribution models (SDMs) have become increasingly important to identify the correct variables determining species distribution and their influences on ecological responses. This study explores multi‐scale habitat relationships of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in two study areas on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau of western China. Our primary objectives were to evaluate the degree to which snow leopard habitat relationships, expressed by predictors, scales of response, and magnitude of effects, were consistent across study areas or locally landcape‐specific. We coupled univariate scale optimization and the maximum entropy algorithm to produce multivariate SDMs, inferring the relative suitability for the species by ensembling top performing models. We optimized the SDMs based on average omission rate across the top models and ensembles’ overlap with a simulated reference model. Comparison of SDMs in the two study areas highlighted landscape‐specific responses to limiting factors. These were dependent on the effects of the hydrological network, anthropogenic features, topographic complexity, and the heterogeneity of the landcover patch mosaic. Overall, even accounting for specific local differences, we found general landscape attributes associated with snow leopard ecological requirements, consisting of a positive association with uplands and ridges, aggregated low‐contrast landscapes, and large extents of grassy and herbaceous vegetation. As a means to evaluate the performance of two bias correction methods, we explored their effects on three datasets showing a range of bias intensities. The performance of corrections depends on the bias intensity; however, density kernels offered a reliable correction strategy under all circumstances. This study reveals the multi‐scale response of snow leopards to environmental attributes and confirms the role of meta‐replicated study designs for the identification of spatially varying limiting factors. Furthermore, this study makes important contributions to the ongoing discussion about the best approaches for sampling bias correction.     

丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutylicum)原生质体融合育种研究

为了提高丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutylicum)的丁醇耐受能力和培养基总糖产丁醇的转化率,通过原生质体融合的方法,研究了溶菌酶浓度及其作用时间、再生培养基种类、55℃条件下菌体致死时间、不同PEG分子量以及作用时间、Ca^2+和Mg^2+不同的添加量对丙酮丁醇梭菌原生质体制备、融合、再生的影响,得到了一套比较系统的丙酮丁醇梭菌的原生质体融合条件,同时通过气相色谱检测了融合菌的产溶剂能力并计算总糖转化率。结果显示,最终得到的215I菌株的总糖转化率比原始菌株提高了34.7%,产丁醇能力比原始菌株提高了32.2%,并且发现1株融合菌能产生新物质。原生质体融合方法在丙酸丁醇梭菌育种方面有广泛的应用潜力,通过融合得到的菌株为丁醇生产奠定了基础。     

Five candidate biomarkers associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer

Purpose: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most general gynecological malignancies and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to select candidate genes related to the diagnosis and prognosis of CC.Methods: The mRNA expression profile datasets were downloaded. We also downloaded RNA-sequencing gene expression data and related clinical materials from TCGA, which included 307 CC samples and 3 normal samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by R software. GO function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed in the DAVID dataset. Using machine learning, the optimal diagnostic mRNA biomarkers for CC were identified. We used qRT-PCR and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database to exhibit the differences in gene and protein levels of candidate genes.Results: A total of 313 DEGs were screened from the microarray expression profile datasets. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), Chromatin Assembly Factor 1, subunit B (CHAF1B), Chromatin Assembly Factor 1, subunit A (CHAF1A), MCM2, CDKN2A were identified as optimal diagnostic mRNA biomarkers for CC. Additionally, the GEPIA database showed that the DNMT1, CHAF1B, CHAF1A, MCM2 and CDKN2A were associated with the poor survival of CC patients. HPA database and qRT-PCR confirmed that these genes were highly expressed in CC tissues.Conclusion: The present study identified five DEmRNAs, including DNMT1, CHAF1B, CHAF1A, MCM2 and Kinetochore-related protein 1 (KNTC1), as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of CC.     

锑矿废水影响下水库沉积物中细菌群落结构特征研究

【背景】水库沉积物中的微生物是水生态系统的重要组成部分,在沉积物物质循环中起重要作用。【目的】揭示含锑废水影响下水库表层沉积物中细菌群落结构特征及影响因子。【方法】基于Illumina高通量测序技术,对冷水沟水库表层沉积物细菌群落结构进行研究并分析其与沉积物理化性质的相关性;基于FAPROTAX软件对细菌功能进行预测分析。基于重金属污染负荷指数法评价水库重金属污染情况。【结果】高通量测序结果表明冷水沟水库的细菌群落较为丰富,主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria,40.32%-20.19%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,25.89%-4.44%)、脱硫杆菌(Desulfobacter,9.43%-2.02%)等81个门570个属组成。相关性分析表明,不同提取形态的锑及水溶态锑与多个不同分类水平下的细菌群落有显著的相关性。FAPROTAX软件对细菌功能进行预测,结果表明,化能异养功能细菌占优势(占总细菌的14.59%-23.58%),包括化能异养(Chemoheterotrophy)和需氧化能异养(Aerobic Chemoheterotrophy);此外,与碳、氮、硫元素循环有关的功能微生物以及人类病原致病微生物的相对丰度(占总细菌的12.42%-32.89%)也较高,这与水库的地理条件、周边环境及污染物类型有较大的相关性。重金属污染负荷指数法评价结果表明,水库范围重金属污染较重。【结论】研究区域受锑矿废水影响的水库(2015年建成蓄水)沉积物中细菌的群落以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)及拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为最优势菌群,细菌功能主要以化能异养为主。     

诺如病毒反向遗传系统的研究进展与应用

诺如病毒是导致人类急性胃肠炎的主要食源性致病原,由于变异快且缺乏稳健的体外细胞培养体系及小动物感染模型,限制了我们对该病原体的深入研究。近年来,可培养鼠源诺如病毒的发现、人源诺如病毒肠道细胞培养体系的开发,以及诺如病毒反向遗传操作体系的构建为系统研究该病原提供了有力工具,加深了我们对其复制机制、致病机理、病毒-宿主相互作用等的了解。本文主要综述了反向遗传学技术用于诺如病毒研究的工作进展,并讨论了该技术在诺如病毒分子病毒学研究、药物筛选和疫苗制备中的应用及发展前景,以期为诺如病毒防控策略的制定及药物靶点的挖掘提供有益参考,推进我国食品安全风险防控工作。     

GINS2 was regulated by lncRNA XIST/miR-23a-3p to mediate proliferation and apoptosis in A375 cells

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - Melanoma ranks second in aggressive tumors, and the occurrence of metastasis in melanoma results in a persistent drop in the survival rate of patients....     

The role of exosomal microRNAs in central nervous system diseases

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - MicroRNAs (miRNA), endogenous non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides long, regulate gene expression by mediating translational inhibition or mRNA...     

弗里熊蜂蜜罐中糖液成分分析

【目的】熊蜂是众多植物的重要传粉昆虫,以采集并贮藏花蜜和花粉为主要食物。本研究旨在探究熊蜂的营养需求及明确其对采集的食物是否存在酿制过程。【方法】利用白砂糖溶液(糖浓度50%)饲喂弗里熊蜂Bombus friseanus蜂群,收集并检测其贮藏在蜜罐中1~7 d的糖液,作为处理组样品;同时将上述白砂糖溶液置于灭菌离心管中,排除熊蜂取食,作为对照组样品,测定贮藏期间处理组和对照组糖液的pH值、糖浓度、糖组分及α-淀粉酶和转化酶活性。【结果】弗里熊蜂B. friseanus贮藏在蜜中1~7d的糖液pH值平均为3.74±0.13,显著低于对照组(6.55±0.15);糖浓度与贮藏时间显著正相关,贮藏6d后糖浓度显著高于贮藏1~3 d时的;糖液组分更加丰富,除蔗糖外利用HPLC还检出果糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖和海藻糖,贮藏4~5 d的糖液中己糖含量极显著高于贮藏1~3 d和6~7 d时的,己糖和麦芽糖含量分别与蔗糖含量极显著负相关,总糖中果糖和麦芽糖含量与贮藏时间极显著负相关,葡萄糖、蔗糖和海藻糖的含量分别与贮藏时间极显著正相关。贮藏6 d的糖液中α-淀粉酶活性显著高于其他时间,其他贮藏时间样品间α-淀粉酶活性差异不显著,而所有样本的转化酶活性在21.17~38.05 U/g FW之间,随贮藏时间的延长差异不显著。【结论】弗里熊蜂B. friseanus采集人工饲喂的糖溶液贮藏在蜜罐中,经其加工后发生了物理和生物化学变化,揭示熊蜂存在酿蜜能力。本研究的结果为熊蜂生物学及繁育研究提供了参考。     

城市主城区立体模型的构建与风环境模拟——以广州主城区为例

以22 km×21 km的广州主城区为例,以40 m建筑间距作为风道宽度低限、用容积高度对建筑高度赋值和垂向拔高为建模特色,概括构建了城市尺度的立体模型。在此基础上,分别模拟了广州主城区中性流条件下,弱风（2 m/s）和强风（5 m/s）、近地面10、25、50 m三个高度的风环境。模拟表明：来流5 m/s下主城区存在不同风速等级、不同平面形态以及不同高度面的风道;白云山、珠江新城等面积较大的地形或建筑高地形成了减速明显的背风区条带,并相互组合形成了重要的风口和具有较高基面的强风道;在不同高度上主城区风速均由周边向城市中心降低;风道风速强烈地依赖于风道走向,风道风速与走向夹角呈三次函数递减,两者拟合优度R²为0.512。模拟结果很好地呈现了城市尺度宏观地形白云山和建筑密集区相互间的作用,反映了城市尺度模型构建与模拟的优势。