黑根霉对人参皂苷Re的生物转化

利用菌种黑根霉Rhizopus sp.对人参皂苷Re进行生物转化,并对人参皂苷Re及其发酵产物进行HPLC系统分析比较,经液相色谱-质谱分析得出人参皂苷Re转化率为92.16%,并制备出人参皂苷Re发酵产物中峰值升高的成分,转化后的人参皂苷发酵产物中化合物1确定为人参皂苷Rg2,化合物2为Rg2的同分异构体,得率为10.13%;化合物3和化合物4确定为人参皂苷Rg5/Rk1,得率为29.23%。从结果初步推测得出人参皂苷Re被黑根霉转化为人参皂苷Rg2的机理,人参皂苷Re转化成人参皂苷Rg5/Rk1的机理还有待于进一步研究。     

The design and preparation of a flexible bio-chip for use as a visual prosthesis, and evaluation of its biological features

We aimed to design and manufacture a novel low-cost polyimide microelectrode array (MEA) chip for visual prosthesis research and to evaluate its biological features. A microelectrode array was developed, based on Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPC) technology which enables electrical stimulation of the cortex. In an in vitro experiment, rat visual cortex cells were co-cultured with the chip and examined using scanning electron microscopy. Trypan blue exclusion and methyl blue tetrazolium tests showed that cell viability and survival rates (90–98%) did not significantly differ between the co-cultured chip group and the control group. In an in vivo experiment HE/Nissl staining performed to investigate the possibility of brain tissue degeneration around implanted MEAs showed no negative effects of the chip on visual cortical cells after 1 month in situ. The good functional characteristics and biocomptability suggest that such a low-cost device could have widespread application, particularly in countries with a large blind population and limited financial resources     

Synthesis,characterization and vasculoprotective effects of nitric oxide-donating derivatives of chrysin

Vascular complications are major causes of disability and death in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is often characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Studies have shown that either the loss of nitric oxide bioactivity or the decreased biosynthesis of NO is a central mechanism in endothelial dysfunction. As such, the delivery of exogenous NO is an attractive therapeutic option that has been used to slow the progress of diabetic vascular complications. In this paper, a novel group of hybrid nitric oxide-releasing chrysin derivatives was synthesized. The results indicated that all these chrysin derivatives exhibited in vitro inhibitory activities against aldose reductase and advanced glycation end-products formation. And some of them were even found to increase the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells. Furthermore, all compounds released NO upon incubation with phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. These hybrid ester NO donor prodrugs offer a potential drug design concept for the development of therapeutic or preventive agents for vascular complications due to diabetes.     

影响长江口毗邻海域低氧区多种时间尺度变化的水文因素

对2006年6月、8月和10月与1999年8月在长江口向东至125°E、27°30′—33°30′N之间海域(统称长江口毗邻海域)开展的4次多学科综合海洋调查资料进行分析,了解长江口毗邻海域低氧现象的季节变化、年间变化及其与水团变化的关系。研究再次发现该海域存在长江口和浙江近海2处低氧水体、且2处低氧水体具有不同的季节演替和年际变化特征:长江口附近海域低氧水体的溶解氧浓度低、覆盖的面积大,低氧持续时间相对较短、溶解氧浓度的季节变化较大;浙江沿海低氧水体面积较小、溶解氧浓度的季节变化较小、但持续时间较长(6—10月份);2处水体低氧现象的年际变化均很显著。长江口毗邻海域的多种水动力因素及其相互作用导致了水团消长的季节和年际变化,并与该海域低氧现象的季节和年际变化具有较好的关联。季节性跃层的成长是近底层低氧形成的必要条件,而水团迁移和消长过程及其季节和年际变动是导致低氧区不同时间尺度变化的重要物理因素。针对2006年与1999年夏季长江口低氧区的显著变化给出观测证据,提出该时期内长江口的水团结构发生了变化,是导致低氧核心区的位置偏北的主要动力原因。2006年和1999年夏季长江口附近低氧水体的年际变化与同时期叶绿素高浓度区的位置变动是一致的,也为此期间水团消长情况提供了证据。     

大肠杆菌糖酵解途径和三羧酸循环启动子的表征及其应用

启动子是控制基因转录的重要元件,也是合成生物学研究和细胞工厂设计的关键环节。糖酵解途径和三羧酸循环是糖类分解代谢的中心代谢,受到包括启动子强度在内的严格调控。为了筛选一系列能满足合成生物学研究和细胞工厂设计需要的不同强度的内源性组成型启动子,利用报告基因——红色荧光蛋白m Cherry和在线分析软件,系统研究了大肠杆菌糖酵解和三羧酸循环中27个启动子的强度和核心结构元件。结果表明:这些启动子的强度范围变化很大,最强启动子Pgap A的强度是最弱启动子Pacn A强度的43. 6倍;启动子的-10序列和-35序列与它们的一致序列也不完全相同,两者之间的距离为17±3bp;但是,启动子的强度和启动子的结构特征基本一致。应用最强启动子Pgap A在重组大肠杆菌DH5αΔpck中分别表达磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因和丙酮酸激酶基因,它们的酶活性分别提高了0. 32和1. 57倍,柠檬酸产量也提高了124. 7%和75. 5%。这些不同强度的启动子为大肠杆菌的合成生物学研究和细胞工厂设计奠定了一定的基础。     

麻类脱胶高效菌株果胶裂解酶基因克隆与表达

【目的】克隆麻类脱胶高效菌株Dickeya sp.DCE-01的果胶裂解酶基因并进行原核表达,对表达产物进行纯化和酶学性质研究。【方法】根据该菌株全基因组序列预测的果胶裂解酶基因Q59419设计引物,PCR扩增后将该基因连接到pEASY-E1和pACYCDuet-1载体上,导入E.coli BL21(DE3)进行表达。选择酶活力高的阳性克隆子进行大量诱导表达后,采用超滤和Sephadex G-100凝胶层析两步法纯化出果胶裂解酶,研究其酶学性质。【结果】克隆到果胶裂解酶基因pel(GenBank登录号:JX964997),其序列全长1 128 bp,编码375个氨基酸。pACYCDuet-1-pel-BL表达胞外果胶裂解酶活力最高,发酵液粗酶活达298.8 IU/mL。其最适反应温度为50°C,最适pH为9.0;保温1 h,酶活稳定温度≤45°C,稳定pH为9.0?10.0。酶催化作用依赖于Ca2+,其最适作用浓度为2 mmol/L;Zn2+、Ca2+和NH4+促进酶活力,Fe3+和Pb2+严重抑制酶活力;聚半乳糖醛酸钠为该酶的最适底物。【结论】从麻类脱胶高效菌株中发掘到碱性果胶裂解酶基因,其表达产物在生物质加工过程中具有重要工业化应用前景。     

Mosaic small supernumerary marker chromosome 1 at amniocentesis: Prenatal diagnosis,molecular genetic analysis and literature review

We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic analysis of mosaic small supernumerary marker chromosome 1 [sSMC(1)]. We review the literature of sSMC(1) at amniocentesis and chromosome 1p21.1-p12 duplication syndrome. We discuss the genotype–phenotype correlation of the involved genes of ALX3, RBM15, NTNG1, SLC25A24, GPSM2, TBX15 and NOTCH2 in this case.     

Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of de novo partial trisomy 12q (12q24.21 → qter) and partial monosomy 6q (6q27 → qter) associated with coarctation of the aorta,ventriculomegaly and thickened nuchal fold

We present rapid aneuploidy diagnosis of de novo partial trisomy 12q (12q24.21 → qter) and partial monosomy 6q (6q27 → qter) by aCGH using uncultured amniocytes in a fetus with coarctation of the aorta, ventriculomegaly and thickened nuchal fold. We discuss the association of TBX3, TBX5 and MED13L gene duplication with coarctation of the aorta, and the association of RNASET2 gene haploinsufficiency with ventriculomegaly in this case.     

薄壳山核桃在南京的开花物候期观察和比较

对种植于南京的薄壳山核桃[Carya illinoensis (Wangench.)K.Koch] 18个品种(系)的开花物候期(包括雌花和雄花的单花开花过程和花期以及雄花散粉期和雌花可授期)进行了观察和比较.结果表明:供试的18个品种(系)雄花单花的开放过程包括花被裂开、雄花变黄、花药散粉、花药变黑和小花脱落5个时期,其开放过程持续天数为13～22 d;各品种(系)雄花集中在4月下旬进入初花期,5月中下旬进入落花末期,雄花的整个花期持续天数为16～24 d.雌花单花的开放过程包括子房显露、柱头裂开、柱头倒“八”字形、柱头枯萎和子房膨大5个时期,其开放过程持续14 ～ 22 d;雌花集中在4月下旬进入初花期,末花期集中在5月中旬,雌花的整个花期持续天数为12 ～23 d.18个品种(系)的雌花可授期天数为3～10d、雄花散粉期天数为4～9d,多数品种(系)的雄花散粉期与雌花可授期天数为7d.依据雌花和雄花开放的先后顺序可以确定其中的12个品种(系)为雌先型,5个品种为雄先型,仅1个品种为同时型;并根据观察结果确定了22个可行的授粉组合.适宜的品种配置方案为‘马罕’(‘Mahan’)、‘西奥克斯’(‘Sioux’)、‘金华’(‘Jinhua’)、‘卡多’(‘Caddo’)和‘波尼’(‘Pawnee’).     

Interferon gamma +874 T/A polymorphism contributes to cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 17 case–control studies

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) plays a pivotal role in antiproliferative, antitumor and antiviral activities. The +874 polymorphism in IFN gene region reportedly affects cancer risk. However, pertinent studies offer conflicting results. To derive a more precise estimation, we performed a meta-analysis based on 1,929 cases and 2,830 controls from 17 published case–control studies, assessing the strength of the association using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Our meta-analysis showed the evidence that IFN-γ +874 T/A was not associated with increased cancer risk in ethnicity and source of controls. However, stratified analysis by cancer type indicated a significantly increased risk of cervical cancer (AT vs. TT: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02–1.19, P = 0.961 for heterogeneity). Further prospective researches with a larger single study are required to evaluate any association with other types of cancer or in other populations.