VITEK 2 Compact微生物检测系统在生物制剂无菌环境监测中的应用

目的通过收集生物制剂生产中洁净间环境微生物、微生物限度检测样品,应用全自动微生物检测系统(VITEK 2 Compact)进行监测分析,评价其适用性。方法利用革兰染色法和VITEK 2 Compact系统对4种标准菌株和291个纯菌鉴定样本进行方法学验证;对人员及设备表面微生物、沉降菌及微生物限度样本共313个进行菌型鉴定,确认此系统在生物制剂生产中的应用价值。结果共在收集的313个样本中,共检出微生物268株,其中人员及设备表面微生物18株、沉降菌188株、微生物限度62株。可信度均在93%以上。其中革兰阳性菌:藤黄/里拉微球菌46次,库克菌属35次,葡萄球菌属70次;阴性菌:少动鞘氨醇单胞菌38次,鲁氏不动杆菌7次。结论 VITEK 2 Compact微生物检测系统具有高度特异性、敏感性和重复性,并具有操作简便、检测速度快等优点,可广泛应用于医院及疾控中心,尤其对无菌生产环境中微生物的质控和微生物数据库的建立具有重要意义。     

分枝杆菌LY-1内源性表达元件的筛选及其在降低Cas9蛋白毒性中的应用

【背景】分枝杆菌LY-1因能够将天然植物甾醇代谢转化为重要甾体药物中间体,目前已成为工业上的优势生产菌株。高效的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术是工业菌株代谢工程改造进行产量性状提升的关键。然而由于Cas9蛋白的高表达毒性问题且分枝杆菌中已公开报道的可用表达元件较少,极大地限制了Cas9蛋白在该菌株中的适度表达。【目的】筛选内源性表达元件,利用合适的表达元件启动Cas9蛋白的表达,降低其对菌株的毒性。【方法】依据文献和前期研究获得的分枝杆菌基因转录组水平数据,并结合启动子在线预测网站BDGP(https://www.fruitfly.org/seq＿tools/promoter.html),筛选内源性表达元件。以增强型绿色荧光蛋白作为报告基因对表达元件的强度进行评估,并采用不同强度的表达元件启动Cas9蛋白的表达。【结果】获得了23个不同表达强度的表达元件,采用中等强度的表达元件及弱表达元件都降低了Cas9蛋白对分枝杆菌LY-1的毒性,实现了Cas9蛋白在该菌株中的适度表达。【结论】建立了分枝杆菌LY-1内源性表达元件库,为后续菌株中高效CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的构建及关键...     

GABRB2 Haplotype Association with Heroin Dependence in Chinese Population

Substance dependence is a frequently observed comorbid disorder in schizophrenia, but little is known about genetic factors possibly shared between the two psychotic disorders. GABRB2, a schizophrenia candidate gene coding for GABA_A receptor β₂ subunit, is examined for possible association with heroin dependence in Han Chinese population. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GABRB2, namely rs6556547 (S1), rs1816071 (S3), rs18016072 (S5), and rs187269 (S29), previously associated with schizophrenia, were examined for their association with heroin dependence. Two additional SNPs, rs10051667 (S31) and rs967771 (S32), previously associated with alcohol dependence and bipolar disorder respectively, were also analyzed. The six SNPs were genotyped by direct sequencing of PCR amplicons of target regions for 564 heroin dependent individuals and 498 controls of Han Chinese origin. Interestingly, it was found that recombination between the haplotypes of all-derived-allele (H1; OR = 1.00) and all-ancestral-allele (H2; OR = 0.74) at S5-S29 junction generated two recombinants H3 (OR = 8.51) and H4 (OR = 5.58), both conferring high susceptibility to heroin dependence. Additional recombination between H2 and H3 haplotypes at S1-S3 junction resulted in a risk-conferring haplotype H5 (OR = 1.94x10⁹). In contrast, recombination between H1 and H2 haplotypes at S3-S5 junction rescued the risk-conferring effect of recombination at S5-S29 junction, giving rise to the protective haplotype H6 (OR = 0.68). Risk-conferring effects of S1-S3 and S5-S29 crossovers and protective effects of S3-S5 crossover were seen in both pure heroin dependent and multiple substance dependence subgroups. In conclusion, significant association was found with haplotypes of the S1-S29 segment in GABRB2 for heroin dependence in Han Chinese population. Local recombination was an important determining factor for switching haplotypes between risk-conferring and protective statuses. The present study provide evidence for the schizophrenia candidate gene GABRB2 to play a role in heroin dependence, but replication of these findings is required.     

暗示性运动加工的认知神经机制

暗示性运动是指个体观看静止图片时从中知觉到的运动.研究者采用高低认知水平两类暗示性运动刺激材料,借助"冻结帧"、直接观看、运动后效和f MRI适应等任务范式,探讨了注意和意识在暗示性运动加工中的作用及其记忆特点;并借助脑成像等技术,考察了颞中区、颞上皮层区、颞上沟、镜像神经元系统等脑区在暗示性运动加工中的作用.但由于暗示性运动加工涉及"视觉腹侧通路与背侧通路功能的分离与整合"问题,目前对相关研究结果和解释还存在争议,暗示性运动加工的认知神经机制仍有待于进一步研究.     

Conditional Deletion of Fgfr1 in the Proximal and Distal Tubule Identifies Distinct Roles in Phosphate and Calcium Transport

A postnatal role of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) in the kidney is suggested by its binding to α-Klotho to form an obligate receptor for the hormone fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). FGFR1 is expressed in both the proximal and distal renal tubular segments, but its tubular specific functions are unclear. In this study, we crossed Fgfr1^flox/flox mice with either gamma-glutamyltransferase-Cre (γGT-Cre) or kidney specific-Cre (Ksp-Cre) mice to selectively create proximal tubule (PT) and distal tubule (DT) Fgfr1 conditional knockout mice (designated Fgfr1^PT-cKOand Fgfr1^DT-cKO, respectively). Fgfr1^PT-cKO mice exhibited an increase in sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter expression, hyperphosphatemia, and refractoriness to the phosphaturic actions of FGF-23, consistent with a direct role of FGFR1 in mediating the proximal tubular phosphate responses to FGF-23. In contrast, Fgfr1^DT-cKO mice unexpectedly developed hypercalciuria, secondary elevations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), hypophosphatemia and enhanced urinary phosphate excretion. Fgfr1^PT-cKO mice also developed a curly tail/spina bifida-like skeletal phenotype, whereas Fgfr1^DT-cKO mice developed renal tubular micro-calcifications and reductions in cortical bone thickness. Thus, FGFR1 has dual functions to directly regulate proximal and distal tubule phosphate and calcium reabsorption, indicating a physiological role of FGFR1 signaling in both phosphate and calcium homeostasis.     

脂肪酸诱导胰岛β细胞凋亡过程中FoxO1对MTP的转录调控研究

目的研究微粒体甘油三酯转移蛋白MTP在脂肪酸诱导的胰岛B细胞凋亡过程中,转录水平受FoxO1调控的情况。方法脂肪酸处理胰岛8细胞系MIN6细胞,MTF和Hoechst染色检测细胞活力和凋亡情况;ReahimePCR检测MTP相对表达量;染色质免疫共沉淀技术检验FoxO1与肘即启动子区的结合情况;荧光素酶报告基因系统检测Fox01对MTP的转录调控情况。结果脂肪酸处理引起MIN6细胞活力下降、凋亡增加,使MIN6细胞中MTP mRNA水平上升;糖尿病模型小鼠胰岛中MTPmRNA水平上升;转录因子FoxO1的过表达可上调MTP的转录活性;ChIP—PCR结果显示FoxO1能与MZP的启动子区相结合。结论MTP在脂肪酸诱导胰岛B细胞凋亡的过程中,作为转录因子FoxO1的下游靶基因,转录水平受到FoxO1的调控。     

消毒剂对环境菌株抑制作用的研究

目的 研究企业常用消毒剂对于洁净室环境监测分离的菌株样本的抑制作用。方法 通过VITEK2-COMPACT全自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析系统鉴定收集到的环境菌株。对3种消毒剂(碘伏、无水乙醇和苯扎溴铵)进行梯度稀释,利用打孔法研究3种消毒剂在不同含量下对环境菌株的抑制作用。结果 共检出革兰阳性菌8种、革兰阴性菌2种、酵母菌1种、芽孢杆菌2种;苯扎溴铵对革兰阳性菌的抑菌能力都较强,随着含量的降低,抑菌作用逐渐减弱;碘伏对革兰阴性菌及酵母菌的抑制作用都非常强,随着含量降低,抑菌作用逐渐降低。3种消毒剂对2种芽孢杆菌的抑制作用均有限。结论 用1.00%苯扎溴铵和0.50%的碘伏抑菌作用都非常强。另外,应配合使用杀孢子剂,避免芽孢杆菌孢子在空气中传播。     

Abundance, marker development and genetic mapping of microsatellites from unigenes in Brassica napus

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the second most important oil crop in the world after soybean. The repertoire of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for rapeseed is limited and warrants a search for a larger number of polymorphic SSRs for germplasm characterization and breeding applications. In this study, a total of 5,310 SSR-containing unigenes were identified from a set of 46,038 B. napus unigenes with an average density of one SSR every 5.75?kb. A set of 1,000 expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR markers with repeat length ??18?bp were developed and tested for their ability to detect polymorphism among a panel of six rapeseed varieties. Of these SSR markers, 776 markers detected clear amplification products, and 511 displayed polymorphisms among the six varieties. Of these polymorphic markers, 195 EST-SSR markers, corresponding to 233 loci, were integrated into an existing B. napus linkage map. These EST-SSRs were randomly distributed on the 19 linkage groups of B. napus. Of the mapped loci, 166 showed significant homology to Arabidopsis genes. Based on the homology, 44 conserved syntenic blocks were identified between B. napus and Arabidopsis genomes. Most of the syntenic blocks were consistent with the duplication and rearrangement events identified previously. In addition, we also identified three previously unreported blocks in B. napus. A subset of 40 SSRs was used to assess genetic diversity in a collection of 192 rapeseed accessions. The polymorphism information content of these markers ranged from 0.0357 to 0.6753 with an average value of 0.3373. These results indicated that the EST-SSR markers developed in this study are useful for genetic mapping, molecular marker-assisted selection and comparative genomics.     

Generation of genetically modified mice by oocyte injection of androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells

Haploid cells are amenable for genetic analysis. Recent success in the derivation of mouse haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) via parthenogenesis has enabled genetic screening in mammalian cells. However, successful generation of live animals from these haESCs, which is needed to extend the genetic analysis to the organism level, has not been achieved. Here, we report the derivation of haESCs from androgenetic blastocysts. These cells, designated as AG-haESCs, partially maintain paternal imprints, express classical ESC pluripotency markers, and contribute to various tissues, including the germline, upon injection into diploid blastocysts. Strikingly, live mice can be obtained upon injection of AG-haESCs into MII oocytes, and these mice bear haESC-carried genetic traits and develop into fertile adults. Furthermore, gene targeting via homologous recombination is feasible in the AG-haESCs. Our results demonstrate that AG-haESCs can be used as a genetically tractable fertilization agent for the production of live animals via injection into oocytes.     

太行山南麓山区栓皮栎-扁担杆生态系统水分利用策略

分析了太行山南麓低丘山区降水、泉水、地下水、土壤水以及栓皮栎、扁担杆的氢氧稳定同位素特征,结合Iso Source模型确定了栓皮栎和扁担杆水分来源的季节性差异,并对栓皮栎和扁担杆水分利用策略进行分析。结果表明,同一生态系统中的栓皮栎和扁担杆枝条水的δ18O和δD值差别明显。雨季中栓皮栎和扁担杆水分来源较浅,以0—20 cm土壤水分为主,但旱季中栓皮栎和扁担杆水分主要来源均比雨季明显加深,其中栓皮栎主要利用40—60 cm土壤水分,扁担杆则主要利用20—40 cm土壤水分。此外,旱季后期栓皮栎还利用部分泉水,其比例达到了19.6%。二者水分来源的不同,使得栓皮栎与扁担杆在旱季期间能避开用水冲突。旱季中生长在生态系统上层的栓皮栎中午部分气孔关闭,蒸腾速率下降,生长在生态系统下层的扁担杆日均蒸腾速率、气孔导度则分别比栓皮栎下降了46.94%和30.58%。栓皮栎和扁担杆分别采取了深水源及部分气孔关闭和浅水源及低蒸腾耗散的水分利用策略来利用旱季中有限的水分,因而其组成的生态系统表现出较强地适合太行山南麓脆弱环境的生态适应性。