A snail prefers native over exotic freshwater plants: implications for the enemy release hypotheses

1. One of the most popular single‐factor hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the naturalization and spread of introduced species is the enemy release hypothesis (ERH). Most studies have considered how specialist consumers might affect the success of exotics, but the importance of generalist herbivores has received little attention 2. In this study, we compared the palatability of native and exotic freshwater plants in both phylogenetic pairings and in region‐wide assays, using a generalist consumer (the pond snail Radix swinhoei). 3. Our study indicated that, when plants were paired by taxonomic relatedness, the snail preferred native over exotic freshwater plants by a 2 : 1 ratio. The snail also preferred native over exotic plants when tested across 20 native and seven exotic species found growing in Liangzi Lake. 4. Snails consumed more biomass of native than exotic plants, providing support for the ERH and suggesting that exotic species have a potential advantage in most lakes of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, thus helping their invasion.     

Differential invertase activity and root growth between Cu-tolerant and non-tolerant populations in Kummerowia stipulacea under Cu stress and nutrient deficiency

There has been no study on key enzymes in sucrose cleavage in metallophyte plants so far, which may be crucial for the plants’ root growth and heavy-metal tolerance maintenance. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the roots of copper tolerant plants should manifest a higher activity of acid invertases that are rate-limiting in sucrose catabolism than non-tolerant plants both for supporting growth and for their maintaining tolerance under Cu stress. Two populations of Kummerowia stipulacea, one from an ancient waste heap at a Cu mine, and the other from a non-contaminated site, were used in the experiments. The plants were grown in 1/2-fold (control) or 1/20-fold (nutrient deficiency) Hoagland’ solution, with (Cu stress) or without (control) 10 μmol/L Cu²⁺. Plants from the mine proved to be of Cu tolerance. Cu exposure had a stronger inhibition on root growth and thus resulting in a lower root/shoot ratio in the plants of non-mine population compared to the mine population. Cu exposure showed a stronger inhibition of acid invertase activity of Cu non-tolerant plants than Cu-tolerant plants, while neutral/alkaline invertase was insensitive to Cu. A positive correlation between the activity of acid invertases and the root growth and root/shoot ratio was observed. The results indicated an important role of acid invertases in governing root growth and root/shoot biomass allocation in the plants of mine population. The results also suggested that the higher activities in acid invertases of mine population plants might at least partly associate with the plants’ Cu tolerance, and their higher activities in acid invertases in turn played an role in maintenance of the Cu tolerance by supplying carbon and energy for tolerance mechanisms. In addition, the results showed evidence that neutral/alkaline invertase might play a role in compensating for the depression in sucrose catabolism due to Cu-induced inhibition in acid invertases.     

脑出血与脑缺血模型大鼠脾淋巴细胞的蛋白质组学研究

目的:通过比较正常与脑出血及脑缺血模型大鼠脾淋巴细胞蛋白质表达的差异,初步探讨细胞免疫功能与脑血管病之间的关系.方法:将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、脑出血模型组(采用VII型胶原酶诱导脑出血)和局灶性脑缺血模型组(采用线栓法造成大脑中动脉阻塞),分离大鼠脾淋巴细胞,提取总蛋白质后进行双向凝胶电泳,考马斯亮蓝染色,PDQUEST软件分析,对差异蛋白质点采用基质辅助激光解析电离质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术进行鉴定并分析.结果:胶质细胞成熟因子γ等9个蛋白在脑出血和脑缺血模型组表达上调,膜联蛋白III在脑出血和脑缺血模型组表达下调.结论:建立了分辨率高重复性较好的脑出血及局灶性脑缺血脾淋巴细胞总蛋白的双向凝胶电泳图谱,并鉴定一些与脑血管病脑损伤相关的差异表达蛋白质,为深入研究脑血管病细胞免疫功能改变与脑血管病之间的关系奠定了基础.     

甘蓝型油菜中一类AP2/ERF转录因子的克隆和生物信息学分析

AP2/ERF转录因子家族是植物中广泛存在的一类转录因子,AP2/ERF这类转录因子主要参与植物的细胞周期、生长发育以及生物和非生物胁迫相关基因的表达调控。由于拟南芥和油菜同属于芸薹属,具有相似的基因信息,利用油菜UniGene数据库,以拟南芥ERF转录因子保守序列为探针,通过电子克隆从一个UniGene Cluster中分离得到三个同类的AP2/ERF转录因子,从cDNA序列、氨基酸序列的相似性、组成成分、理化性质、疏水性/亲水性分析、序列比对、进化树、功能域、二级结构、三级结构、无序化特性进行了预测和较为全面的分析。结果显示油菜来源的BnaERF1、BnaERF2和BnaERF3属于AP2/ERF转录因子的B-2亚族,是亲水性蛋白,在蛋白质的三级结构上与AtERF1相似。蛋白质无序化分析发现,油菜BnaERF1、BnaERF2和BnaERF3无序化程度小于拟南芥AtERF1。设计引物通过PCR和RT-PCR方法分别从甘蓝型双低油菜沪油15幼苗的DNA和cDNA中扩增了上述基因,初步分析BnaERF2没有内含子,BnaERF1和BnaERF3有内含子。另外,通过EST丰度分析显示,该类转录因子的表达最高峰在种子中,其次为花,在芽、茎和分生组织中没有检测出表达的存在。     

A组人轮状病毒全基因组克隆和基因型分析

运用基因克隆和重组技术,从一急性胃肠炎患儿样品中克隆到一株轮状病毒（RV）全基因组cDNA。核苷酸序列测定结果表明,该株RV基因组11条RNA共含有18613个核苷酸（3302bp—751bp）,编码5791个氨基酸。全基因组研究结果表明,该株RV（TB-Chen）为A组,II亚组,基因型为G2P[4]/NSP4[A]。这是首个A组人RV全基因组研究结果的报道,对研究和开发RV疫苗具有积极的意义。     

慢性充血性心力衰竭血清胆红素与心功能参数的相关性研究

目的:探讨慢性充血性心力衰竭患者血清胆红素(TBIL)水平与左心室功能的关系及其,临床意义.方法:采用钒酸氧化法测定128例心力衰竭患者和63例对照组血清胆红素水平;用心脏彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测定并比较各组左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室舒张末期横径(LVEDD);同时进行6分钟步行实验(6MWT).结果:心力衰竭患者血清胆红素显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),而LVEF与6分钟步行距离(6MWD)对照组明显减少(P＜0.01),且心力衰竭患者随着心功能NYHA分级程度的加重血清胆红素水平及LVEDD逐步递增,LVEF与6MWD也相应减少,各亚组问比较仍有统计学差异(P＜0.05).血清胆红素水平与LVEDD呈正相关(r=0.78,P＜0.01),而与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.42,P＜0.01).结论:血清胆红素水平随着心力衰竭严重程度的增加而升高,并与左心室功能存在相关性,对慢性充血性心衰患者的诊断、病情及预后判断具有一定的临床意义.     

腕部尺管综合征的手术治疗

目的:探讨腕部尺管综合征的手术治疗的临床疗效.方法:对16例腕部尺管综合征患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,术后16例随访3-24月.结果:尺神经功能恢复优良率93%.结论:正确了解尺管解剖与分型的关系,结合病史及体征明确诊断,一旦确诊应尽早手术治疗以利患者康复.     

眼镜蛇毒对大鼠脊髓乙酰胆碱酯酶表达的影响

目的 探讨眼镜蛇毒对大鼠腰髓乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）表达的影响。方法 将蛇毒注射到大鼠左小腿下部,采用亚铁氰化铜法示AchE,观察大鼠腰髓前角AchE阳性神经元在眼镜蛇毒中毒组、生理盐水组、正常对照组的变化。结果 蛇毒组大鼠AchE阳性神经元比对照组表达增强。结论 眼镜蛇毒对腰髓的AchE阳性神经元表达有上调作用。     

活性污泥总DNA提取方法的研究

采用冻融＋玻璃珠、溶菌酶＋SDS和冻融＋玻璃珠＋溶菌酶＋SDS的方法提取活性污泥的微生物总DNA,并对以上三种方法进行比较,从中确定最佳的方法,以实现普通实验条件下成功提取符合PCR扩增要求的DNA。经紫外光度分析及电泳结果表明,冻融＋玻璃珠＋溶菌酶＋SDS方法所得的DNA的OD260/OD280为1．81,电泳结果显示,所提DNA片段分子量大于10kb,适于酶解和PCR扩增要求,为PCR技术应用于活性污泥的研究提供了一种简便、可靠的DNA提取方法。