预防人工关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的护理对策

目的:探讨预防关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的有效护理对策.方法:针对下肢深静脉血栓形成的高危因素,对行人工关节置换的患者行预防性药物,物理预防以及系统性功能锻炼.结果:181例术后患者中有41例发生静脉血栓,发生率为22.2%.治疗后均痊愈出院.结论:细致的护理和有效的措施是预防下肢静脉血栓的关键,积极的治疗和护理可避免深静脉血栓的形成后的严重的并发症.     

井冈山杜鹃叶片抗氧化系统对高温胁迫的响应

以井冈山杜鹃(Rhododendron jinggangshanicum Tam)4年生实生苗为材料,通过人工气候箱盆栽实验,研究了不同高温处理下其叶片形态及生理生化指标的变化,以阐明高温胁迫下井冈山杜鹃抗氧化系统的防御机理.结果显示:(1)30℃和38℃处理6 d后,叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别比对照极显著(P<0.01)升高44.44%和127.16%、33.12%和129.35%、106.52%和188.64%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性增幅较小,分别比对照增加3.77%和5.11%.(2)随着胁迫温度的升高,可溶性蛋白质、脯氨酸(Pro)含量均明显上升,而抗坏血酸(AsA)含量却显著降低;除30℃处理与对照之间的可溶性蛋白质含量差异显著(P<0.05)外,其它处理间差异均达到极显著(P<0.01).(3)随着胁迫温度的升高,叶片过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量大量积累,各处理间差异达到极显著或显著;而形态上则表现为受害加重,植株出现轻度萎蔫、老叶褐化脱落、新叶坏死等现象.研究表明,井冈山杜鹃受到高温胁迫的氧化伤害可能与AsA含量显著下降和H2O2、MDA含量大幅增加有关,其植物体能诱导增加抗氧化保护酶活性及Pro含量以提高其抗氧化能力,从而减轻高温引发的活性氧毒害.     

中国苦苣苔科植物濒危现状与多样性保护(附表)

截至2021年12月31日，中国已知苦苣苔科植物共有805种(含种下等级，下同),隶属于45个属，主要分布在我国西南至华南地区，其中特有种和狭域种十分丰富。由于苦苣苔科大部分种类仅适应于某些特化的微生境，因此极易因自身原因和外界因素的干扰而致危。为更好地了解中国苦苣苔科已知物种的濒危风险，该研究在查阅相关文献且结合最近发表的新分类群中关于濒危等级评估的相关内容，辅以近年来实地调查掌握的第一手资料，对中国苦苣苔科已知物种的濒危等级进行了统计分析和重新评估。同时，依托中国野生植物保护协会苦苣苔专业委员会、广西植物研究所国家苦苣苔科种质资源库和中国苦苣苔科植物保育中心平台，首次创新了从新种发现和发表到濒危状况评估、即时启动保育和园艺新品种培育同步进行的物种保护新模式。分析结果表明，有必要提高政府相关部门对苦苣苔科植物多样性保护的重视程度。因此，建议：(1)进一步加强对中国苦苣苔科植物种质资源保护紧迫性的认识；(2)针对濒危的尤其是被评估为极危(CR)和濒危(EN)的类群开展“抢救性”保护、迁地与就地保护和野外回归；(3)积极开展新品种培育等方面的研究。以上结果和建议是将来苦苣苔科植物多样性保...     

Detection and Genetic Characterization of Rabies Virus from Human Patients

Saliva and blood were collected from two patients who had not received post exposure prophylaxis in the cities of Wenzhou and Xinning respectively. Both patients were confirmed as positive for rabies by detection of rabies virus specific nucleoprotein antibodies in the sera by Western Blot. However, rabies virus specific RNA was only identified in the saliva collected from the patient in Wenzhou. Furthermore, the isolate Zhejiang Wz0 (H) was obtained by inoculating one-day-old suckling mice. Both nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) genes from the isolate were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belonged to classic rabies virus, and shared a higher homology with the street viruses from dogs in the main endemic areas in China and the street virus from dogs in Indonesia than with other known strains. Further comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences between the isolate and the vaccine strains used in China showed that the virus had a higher level of homology with the vaccine strain CTN than with the other vaccine strains (3aG, PV, PM and ERA). In particular, amino acid residues substitutions located in antigenic site Ⅲ in the G protein, which could react with the neutralizing antibodies, were observed. These results suggested that the virus belonged to the classic rabies virus, and both N and G genes diverged from the current vaccine strains used in China at either the nucleotide or the amino acid level.     

临床分离铜绿假单胞菌对氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物的耐药性检测

目的了解临床分离铜绿假单胞菌对喹诺酮类等抗菌药物的耐药性。方法琼脂稀释法测定86株铜绿假单胞菌对5种氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物以及头孢吡肟、美罗培南的耐药性。结果铜绿假单胞菌对诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、加替沙星的耐药率分别为50%、61.6%、51.2%、48.8%、51.2%;对头孢吡肟和美罗培南的耐药率分别为30.2%、23.2%。结论铜绿假单胞菌对氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药显著,临床应加强检测和监测。     

林芝地区松茸营养成分分析及松茸多糖的提取分离

以林芝地区5个样点采集的野生鲜松茸子实体为材料,对水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗多糖、氨基酸、灰分、VC及矿质元素的含量、有效成分进行测定,并以正交法确定了松茸多糖提取的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:各组分的平均质量分数分别为89.45%、12.02%、7.74%、7.84%、9.53%、8.67%、5.76%、0.5046 mg.g-1;矿质元素中K、P含量较高,平均24.063mg.g-1、5.278 mg.g-1,Zn含量高于其它常见食用菌子实体,平均0.5648 mg.g-1,Ca的含量偏低,平均0.4356 mg.g-1;同时含有甾体等有效成分。松茸多糖提取主次因素和最优工艺为乙醇体积分数85%、料水比为1:10、温度80℃、时间4 h,在此条件下粗多糖得率为8.98%。     

Fusion expression of DDR2 extracellular domain in insect cells and its purification and function characterization

Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) is a kind of protein tyrosine kinases associated with cell proliferation and tumor metastasis, and collagen, a ligand for DDR2, up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and MMP-2 expression in extracellular matrix (ECM). To investigate the role of DDR2 in cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we expressed the extracellular domain (ECD) of DDR2 (without signal peptide and transmembrane domain, designated DR) in insect cells, purified and characterized DR, hoping to use it as a specific antagonist of DDR2. By using Bac-To-Bac Expression System with a His tag, we successfully obtained the recombinant bacularvirus containing DDR2 ECD, purified it and characterized its function. The soluble fraction of DR was about 12% of the total fused protein. After chromatographic purification, DR with 92% purity was obtained. Competitive inhibition assay demonstrated that DR blocked the binding between DDR2 and natural DDR2 receptors on NIH3T3 and synovial cells. Results of RT-PCR, Western blotting, and gelatinase zymography showed that DR was capable of inhibiting MMP-1 and MMP-2 secretion from NIH3T3 and RA synoviocytes stimulated by collagen II. For MMP-1, inhibition was displayed at the levels of mRNA and protein, whereas for MMP-2 it was at the level of protein. These findings suggested that the expressed DR inhibited the activity of natural DDR2 and relevant MMP-1 and MMP-2 expression in RA synoviocytes and NIH3T3 cells provoked by collagen II.     

西藏昌都发现白鹭

<正>2013年9月至2014年6月,笔者在西藏昌都市八宿县、贡觉县、芒康县和昌都县先后观察并拍摄到白鹭(Egretta garzetta),为西藏首次发现。2013年9月29日,在八宿县然乌镇政府后方的湖边(29°30′17.28″N,96°45′25.44″E,海拔3 934 m),观察到2只白鹭成鸟,其体形纤瘦,全身羽毛白色,头部无羽冠,肩、背和前胸的蓑状羽也消失,呈冬羽特征;虹膜为黄色;眼先黄绿;嘴黑色,但嘴裂处及下嘴基部显淡黄色;胫与跗跖部黑色,趾黄绿色。2014年5月至6月,     

Salmonella Typhimurium strain expressing OprF‐OprI protects mice against fatal infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a major threat to human health and to the mink industry. Thus, development of vaccines that elicit robust humoral and cellular immunity against P. aeruginosa is greatly needed. In this study, a recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) that expresses the outer membrane proteins fusion OprF_190–342‐OprI_21–83 (F1I2) from P. aeruginosa was constructed and the potency of this vaccine candidate assessed by measuring F1I2‐specific humoral immune responses upon vaccination through s.c. or oral routes. S.C. administration achieved higher serum IgG titers and IgA titers in the intestine and induced stronger F1I2‐specific IgG and IgA titers in lung homogenate than did oral administration, which resulted in low IgG titers and no local IgA production. High titers of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and T‐lymphocyte subsets induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response in mice immunized s.c., indicating elicitation of cellular immunity. Importantly, when immunized mice were challenged with P. aeruginosa by the intranasal route 30 days after the initial immunization, s.c. vaccination achieved 77.78% protection, in contrast to 41.18% via oral administration and 66.67% via Escherichia coli‐expressed F1I2 (His‐F1I2) vaccination. These results indicate that s.c. vaccination provides a better protective response against P. aeruginosa infection than do oral administration and the His‐F1I2 vaccine.