苍耳甾醇物质对菜青虫取食、血淋巴和中肠酶活性及中肠组织的影响

甾醇是植物体内的重要次生物质,具有多种生物活性。为探明植物甾醇类物质对害虫的作用机理,采用叶碟饲喂法进行取食处理后研究了苍耳Xanthium sibiricum中分离纯化的甾醇类组分（甾醇A和甾醇B）对4龄菜青虫Pieris rapae的取食、酶活性以及中肠组织的影响。结果表明： 苍耳甾醇类组分甾醇A和甾醇B能明显抑制菜青虫的取食,拒食中浓度AFC50分别为0.0229 和0.0147 mg/mL;同时,显著降低菜青虫中肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶和羧酸酯酶活性,其中,甾醇B的作用效果较强,处理后24 h和36 h, 对蛋白酶活性抑制率分别为23.74%和58.59%,对中肠羧酸酯酶的活性抑制率分别为49.01%和83.03%;降低血淋巴蛋白质含量,诱导菜青虫血淋巴羧酸酯酶活性的提高;破坏昆虫中肠上皮组织,微杆模糊不清呈消融状,杯状细胞的杯腔基部微绒毛消失。这些结果说明苍耳甾醇类物质对菜青虫的取食抑制可能与对中肠消化酶活性的抑制以及对中肠上皮组织的破坏有关,植物甾醇组分的不同配比影响其对昆虫的作用效果。     

广州地区红火蚁工蚁的巢外活动及有翅蚁的婚飞规律

为了阐明红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren的发生危害规律,为制定红火蚁的监测与防治措施提供科学依据,本研究调查了广州地区（113°45′E,22°43′N）红火蚁工蚁巢外活动日节律和季节性变化,以及有翅蚁的婚飞活动。结果表明,工蚁巢外活动日节律随季节或月份的不同而存在着明显差异：其中12-2月份的日活动节律为单峰型,即在中午温度较高时数量较大,而在5-10月份的日活动节律为双峰型,即在上午或下午工蚁数量较大,其余月份的活动为不明显的双峰型。工蚁巢外活动数量和时间随季节的不同而有显著差异。其中以6月和10月份的日活动数量最多,而在1月和2月份的活动数量最少,时间最短,其余月份活动数量居中。工蚁在阵雨前后的活动数量明显多于晴天,但处于降雨时刻的巢外工蚁数量极少。蚁巢受侵扰后出巢工蚁数量在30 s内最大,之后便随时间的延长而逐渐减少,该种现象可以用房室函数进行描述。另外,工蚁的巢外数量会随侵扰强度的加大而增加。在试验区内全年都可见到红火蚁婚飞,但婚飞活动主要集中在3-5月份,每日婚飞活动主要发生在下午,并主要发生在雨前或雨后。上述结果对于了解我国红火蚁的发生危害规律和提升其监控技术水平有较大参考价值。     

MicroRNA参与下的p53调控网络

p53作为肿瘤致病的关键因子人们已经进行了广泛的研究,microRNA参与肿瘤的发生也已经成为了不争的事实,但目前关于p53与miRNA的调控关系还不是很清楚。就p53与miRNA存在的可能调控模式及p53对miRNA功能与合成方面的影响进行了综述,并结合已有的研究绘制了可能的p53与miRNA调控模式图。     

经营方式对亚热带森林土壤可溶性有机碳含量和光谱学特征的影响

人工促进天然更新与人工造林经营方式中采伐剩余物管理等人工措施的差异,可能改变土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)的含量和结构,影响森林碳循环。本研究利用天然次生林(对照)采伐迹地上通过人工促进天然更新林(简称人促更新林)和人工造林两种营林方式,研究经营方式对中亚热带森林土壤溶液可溶性有机碳含量和光谱特征的影响。结果表明:天然次生林转换为人促更新林和人工林后,0～10 cm土层土壤DOC含量显著降低,分别下降21%和50%;0～10 cm和10～20 cm土层土壤DOC/SOC(土壤有机碳)值也显著降低,分别达到27%和43%。在0～10 cm土层中,人促更新林土壤DOC芳香化指数和腐殖化指数显著高于人工林,人促更新林土壤DOC在3700～3000、1650～1620、1160～1000、690～530 cm^-1范围内的红外吸收比例较人工林高,表明人促更新林土壤DOC的羧酸类物质、芳香化物质丰富;人促更新林和人工林土壤DOC的荧光指数均为1.4～1.9,且人促更新林自生源指数显著高于人工林,说明人工林土壤DOC类蛋白组分贡献大,容易被微生物分解利用。人促更新林与人工林土壤DOC含量和结构的差异可能是人促更新林的土壤碳库比人工林更高的原因之一。     

塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系牙形类的再沉积

牙形类化石因具微小、量多、硬度高、抗风化等特点,有时会在合适的沉积环境及外营力地质作用中,出现较老时代的分子混入其上覆较新地层中的再沉积现象。位于塔河油田沙雅隆起的奥陶系富产牙形类,由于长期存在北山南海退缩式的古地理格局,北剥蚀区外地质营力的频繁作用伴生多期古风化壳形成,导致南区一些钻井中陆续发现牙形类的再沉积现象。表...     

Morphological and Molecular Differences in Two Strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ustilago esculenta</Emphasis>

Ustilago esculenta is a fungal endophyte of Zizania latifolia that plays an important agricultural role in this vegetable crop. The purpose of this study was to characterize sporidial (T) and mycelial (M-T) strains of U. esculenta isolated from sporulating and non-sporulating galls on plants growing in Zhejiang province, China. Morphological comparisons of the T strain and M-T strain were made by optical and scanning electron microscope observation. Genetic differences were examined by sequencing the ITS region of the fungus and examining differential protein expression by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. The sporidial (T) and mycelial (M-T) strains differed in morphological characteristics of their in vitro single colony formations and in cell shape. Alignment of ITS sequences of the T strain and M-T strain revealed a single mutation between the T strain and M-T strain, but the sequences were the same within strains. A total of 146 proteins were only expressed in the M-T strain, and 242 proteins were only expressed in the T strain isolated from infected plants. A total of 222 proteins were up-regulated or down-regulated in the T strain when compared with the M-T strain. Of these, 18 proteins were identified and eight were associated with processes involving energy metabolism and the cytoskeleton. Two morphology-related proteins, MAP kinase kinase and actin, were differentially expressed. The differences noted in the T strain and M-T strain may lead to a better understanding of the life cycle and morphogenesis in U. esculenta.     

LysGH15B,the SH3b Domain of Staphylococcal Phage Endolysin LysGH15, Retains High Affinity to Staphylococci

LysGH15, a phage endolysin, exhibits a particularly broad lytic spectrum against Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Sequence analysis reveals that this endolysin contains a C-terminal cell wall binding domain (SH3b), which causes the endolysin to bind to host strains. In this study, the substrate binding affinity of the SH3b domain (LysGH15B) was evaluated. A fusion protein of LysGH15B and green fluorescent protein (LysGH15B–GFP) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to detect the fluorescence of the treated cells irradiated at different excitation wavelengths and to determine the binding activity of LysGH15B–GFP and GFP. We found that LysGH15B–GFP not only generated green fluorescence, but, more importantly, also displayed specific affinity to staphylococcal isolates, especially MRSA. In contrast, the single GFP did not display any binding activity. The high affinity was attributed to the portion of LysGH15B and the binding activity of the fusion protein was specific to staphylococci. This study provides an insight into the SH3b domain of LysGH15. The specific binding activity may cause LysGH15B to serve as an anchoring device, and offer an alternative approach for cell surface attachment onto staphylococci.     

XIAP及survivin 在原发性肝细胞癌组织中的表达及其相关性研究

目的：探讨X 连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（XIAP）和survivin 在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及两者的相关性。方法：选取本院收治的60 例原发性肝细胞癌患者,应用免疫组织化学染色的方法对肝癌组织及癌旁组织中的XIAP及survivin 的表达进行检测。结果：经 比较,肝癌组织中XAIP 及survivin 的阳性率均显著高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义。XIAP 和survivin 的表达强度与肿瘤的大 小无关,但随肿瘤的分化程度的降低而升高,且不同分化程度之间差异有统计学意义;XIAP 和survivin 存在正相关关系。结论： XIAP与Survivin 在肿瘤组织中的高表达在促进肿瘤发生、增殖、转移以及耐药,并且能够降低肿瘤的分化程度,增加肝癌的恶性 程度。此外,两者可能存在协同作用,但两者的相关性及作用机制仍需进一步探讨。     

Nrf2-ARE信号通路在神经退行性疾病中的作用研究进展

神经退行性疾病(Neurodegenerative disease)是一类以神经元退行性病变为基础的慢性、进行性、不可逆的神经系统疾病的总称,主要包括阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)、亨廷顿舞蹈病(Huntington disease,HD)、肌萎缩侧索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)、脊髓肌萎缩症(spinal muscular atrophy,SMA)、不同类型脊髓小脑共济失调(spinal cerebella ataxias,SCA)等。其病因和发病机制十分复杂,其中,氧化应激学说近年来受到了人们的广泛关注和普遍认可。而研究表明,Nrf2-ARE信号通路是体内抗氧化应答机制中最重要的通路之一,其能对氧化应激导致的神经细胞损伤产生保护作用,即阻止神经细胞的病变和凋亡,进而延缓神经退行性疾病的发生发展,因而有望成为神经退行性疾病的有效治疗靶标。本文就Nrf2-ARE信号通路结构特点及Nrf2-ARE信号通路在神经退行性疾病中的作用研究进展作一综述。     

Proteomic Analysis of Salt-Responsive Proteins in the Leaves of Mangrove Kandelia candel during Short-Term Stress

Salt stress is a major abiotic stress that limits crop productivity in many regions of the world. A comparative proteomic approach to identify salt stress-responsive proteins and to understand the molecular mechanisms was carried out in the woody halophyte Kandelia candel. Four-leaf-old K. candel seedlings were exposed to 150 (control), 300, 450, and 600 mM NaCl for 3 days. Proteins extracted from the leaves of K. candel seedlings were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). More than 900 protein spots were detected on each gel, and 53 differentially expressed protein spots were located with at least two-fold differences in abundance on 2-DE maps, of which 48 were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS). The results showed that K. candel could withstand up to 450 mM NaCl stress by up-regulating proteins that are mainly involved in photosynthesis, respiration and energy metabolism, Na⁺ compartmentalization, protein folding and assembly, and signal transduction. Physiological data, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion radicals (O₂ ⁻) contents, as well as Na⁺ content and K⁺/Na⁺ ratios all correlated well with our proteomic results. This study provides new global insights into woody halophyte salt stress responses. Identification of differentially expressed proteins promotes better understanding of the molecular basis for salt stress reduction in K. candel.