The Joint Effect of hOGG1, APE1, and ADPRT Polymorphisms and Cooking Oil Fumes on the Risk of Lung Adenocarcinoma in Chinese Non-Smoking Females

Background

The human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), and adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase (ADPRT) genes play an important role in the DNA base excision repair pathway. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in critical genes are suspected to be associated with the risk of lung cancer. This study aimed to identify the association between the polymorphisms of hOGG1 Ser326Cys, APE1 Asp148Glu, and ADPRT Val762Ala, and the risk of lung adenocarcinoma in the non-smoking female population, and investigated the interaction between genetic polymorphisms and environmental exposure in lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

We performed a hospital-based case-control study, including 410 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 410 cancer-free hospital control subjects who were matched for age. Each case and control was interviewed to collect information by well-trained interviewers. A total of 10 ml of venous blood was collected for genotype testing. Three polymorphisms were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.

Results

We found that individuals who were homozygous for the variant hOGG1 326Cys/Cys showed a significantly increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.01–2.36; P = 0.045). When the combined effect of variant alleles was analyzed, we found an increased OR of 1.89 (95% CI: 1.24–2.88, P = 0.003) for lung adenocarcinoma individuals with more than one homozygous variant allele. In stratified analyses, we found that the OR for the gene-environment interaction between Ser/Cys and Cys/Cys genotypes of hOGG1 codon 326 and cooking oil fumes for the risk of lung adenocarcinoma was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.77–2.44; P = 0.279) and 2.79 (95% CI: 1.50–5.18; P = 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

The hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism might be associated with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma in Chinese non-smoking females. Furthermore, there is a significant gene-environment association between cooking oil fumes and hOGG1 326 Cys/Cys genotype in lung adenocarcinoma among female non-smokers.     

Inactivation of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase Stabilizes the Established Atherosclerotic Lesions via Inducing the Phenotypic Switch of Smooth Muscle Cells

Given that the elevated serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity is associated with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis in clinic, the current study aims to investigate whether SSAO inactivation by semicarbazide is beneficial for established atherosclerotic lesions in LDLr knockout mice on a high-fat/high- cholesterol Western-type diet or after dietary lipid lowering. Despite no impact on plasma total cholesterol levels, the infiltration of circulating monocytes into peripheral tissues, and the size of atherosclerotic lesions, abrogation of SSAO activity resulted in the stabilization of established lesions as evidenced by the increased collagen contents under both conditions. Moreover, SSAO inactivation decreased Ly6C^high monocytosis and lesion macrophage contents in hypercholesterolemic mice, while no effect was observed in mice after normalization of hypercholesterolemia by dietary lipid lowering. Strikingly, abrogation of SSAO activity significantly increased not only the absolute numbers of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), but also the percent of SMCs with a synthetic phenotype in established lesions of mice regardless of plasma cholesterol levels. Overall, our data indicate that SSAO inactivation in vivo stabilizes the established plaques mainly via inducing the switch of SMCs from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. Targeting SSAO activity thus may represent a potential treatment for patients with atherosclerosis.     

LncRNA TP73-AS1 enhances the malignant properties of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by increasing MMP14 expression through miRNA -200a sponging

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an invasive and aggressive cancer that remains a major threat to human health across the globe. Despite advances in cancer treatments and diagnosis, the prognosis of PDAC patients remains poor. New and more effective PDAC therapies are therefore urgently required. In this study, we identified a novel host factor, namely the LncRNA TP73-AS1, as overexpressed in PDAC tissues compared to adjacent healthy tissue samples. The overexpression of TP-73-AS1 was found to correlate with both PDAC stage and lymph node metastasis. To reveal its role in PDCA, we targeted TP73-AS1 using LnRNA inhibitors in a range of pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines. We found that the inhibition of TP73-AS1 led to a loss of MMP14 expression in PC cells and significantly inhibited their migratory and invasive capacity. No effects of TP73-AS1 on cell survival or proliferation were observed. Mechanistically, we found that TP73-AS1 suppressed the expression of the known oncogenic miR-200a. Taken together, these data highlight the prognostic potential of TP73-AS1 for PC patients and highlight it as a potential anti-PDAC therapeutic target.     

植物光合作用限制因素与植被生产力研究进展

随着全球气候变化的加剧,陆地生态系统中植物光合作用限制影响程度的增加已成为降低全球植被净初级生产力的主要因素。系统了解植物光合作用限制因素是科学评估植被生产力的重要前提,也是缓解植物光合作用限制,增加植物光合碳同化能力的先决条件。对植物光合作用限制因素进行了系统解析,分析了光合作用三种限制因素生化限制(Biochemical limitation,l_b)、气孔限制(Stomatal limitation,l_s)、叶肉限制(Mesophyll limitation,l_m)的环境响应,重点讨论了叶肉限制及其影响机理,述评了光合作用限制定量分析方法及改善措施,最后以提高植被生产力为驱使目标,对未来植物光合作用限制因素研究提出以下内容：(1)基因工程技术与系统生物学数据相结合提高植被生产力;(2)气孔响应速度对植物光合作用的影响机制;(3)水通道蛋白(Aquaporin, AQPs)和碳酸酐酶(Carbonic anhydrase, CAs)感知环境信号变化的驱动基因。以期为未来气候变化背景下,深入认识和降低植物光合作用限制,提...     

中国遥感干旱指数时空特征及其对气候和地表覆盖变化的响应

干旱严重影响植被生长,威胁粮食安全,基于遥感计算的植被状态指数（Vegetation Condition Index,VCI）、温度状态指数（Temperature Condition Index,TCI）和植被健康指数（Vegetation Health Index,VHI）是常用的干旱指数,被广泛应用于干旱监测。为了探究近年来我国干旱特征及其对气候和地表覆盖变化的响应,分析了2003-2016年期间VCI、TCI和VHI的时空变化特征;采用最小二乘（OLS）和偏相关分析方法分析了这些指数对气候和地表覆盖变化的响应。基于上述干旱指数计算的干旱频率表明,中温带中部和南温带等地区干旱发生频率高,干旱指数变化趋势表明在2003-2016年期间中国大部分地区干旱缓解,但在中温带、南温带和高原气候区等局部地区干旱加剧;总体而言,干旱指数随着年平均温度的上升和年降水量的降低而减小,VHI与温度和降水量的相关性在不同气候区的一致性优于VCI和TCI;裸土的减少和植被的增加导致干旱指数增大,树木转变为低矮植被干旱指数降低。     

Blockage of MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination by yuanhuacine restrains the carcinogenesis of prostate carcinoma cells by suppressing LncRNA LINC00665

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a challenging issue for men's health worldwide due to its uncontrolled proliferation and high metastatic potential. Increasing evidence has supported plant extracts and natural plant derivatives as promising antitumor therapy with less toxic side effects. Yuanhuacine is an active component isolated from Daphne genkwa and can effectively suppress the tumorigenesis of several cancers. However, its role in PCa remains unclear. In this study, yuanhuacine dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of PCa cells. Moreover, yuanhuacine also restrained the invasion and migration of PCa cells. Mechanically, yuanhuacine decreased the ubiquitination and degradation of p53 protein, and ultimately increased p53 levels, which was regulated by inhibiting the phosphorylation and total protein levels of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). Moreover, elevation of MDM2 reversed the suppressive efficacy of yuanhuacine in PCa cell viability, invasion, and migration. The network pharmacologic and bioinformatics analysis confirmed that MDM2 might be a common target of D. genkwa and LINC00665. Furthermore, yuanhuacine inhibited LINC00665 expression. Upregulation of LINC00665 reversed yuanhuacine-mediated inhibition in MDM2 protein expression and suppressed p53 levels by enhancing its ubiquitination in yuanhuacine-treated cells. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of yuanhuacine on cell viability and metastatic potential were offset after LINC00665 elevation. Together, the current findings highlight that yuanhuacine may possess tumor-suppressive efficacy by inhibiting LINC00665-mediated MDM2/p53 ubiquitination signaling. Therefore, this study indicates that yuanhuacine may be a promising candidate for the treatment of PCa.     

中国东北马斯特里赫特阶的Wulagasaurus dongi(鸭嘴龙亚科)的重新评估与系统发育分析(英文)

通过对黑龙江省乌拉嘎地区晚白垩世渔亮子组地层发现的董氏乌拉嘎龙(Wulagasaurus dongi)的原有材料和新材料进行对比研究和重新评估,可以认定以前归入乌拉嘎龙的部分骨骼(包括不完整的脑颅骨、上颌骨和肩胛骨)实际上应该属于赖氏龙类,并相应地修订了其鉴定特征。乌拉嘎龙具有同北美地区发现的短冠龙和慈母龙十分相似的骨学特征:长而楔形的前顶点位于颧骨前支的一半背腹高度处;颧骨后支呈扇形;乌喙骨的腹突相对较长且纤细;肱骨三角胸嵴较不发育,适度地向前外方扩展;髂骨髋臼上突的腹缘呈不对称的U形,缺乏一条强烈的嵴连接其后部区域与髋臼后突的背缘。系统发育分析结果显示乌拉嘎龙、短冠龙和慈母龙共同构成了鸭嘴龙亚科的一个基干支系。该支系起源于桑托期的亚洲,可能在中坎帕期之前发生分异并通过白令陆桥向北美地区迁徙辐射。     

利拉鲁肽下调游离脂肪酸作用下βTC3 细胞PERK 的表达

目的:探讨游离脂肪酸(FFA)作用下胰岛βTC3细胞双链RNA依赖性蛋白样内质网激酶(PERK)的表达以及利拉鲁肽(Lira)对其表达的干预作用。方法:以βTC3细胞为研究对象,分为对照组和FFA组(0.125,0.25,0.5及1 mmol/L)孵育24 h,Westernblot方法检测PERK的表达。然后,分为对照组,FFA组,和FFA+Lira组(0.5 mg/L和1 mg/L),Lira预孵育6 h后,1 mmol/L FFA继续孵育24 h,Western blot检测PERK的表达。结果:①不同浓度FFA孵育24 h后,与对照组相比,1 mmol/L FFA组PERK表达增加(P<0.05)。②与1 mmol/L FFA组相比,0.5mg/L Lira+1 mmol/L FFA和1 mg/L Lira+1 mmol/L FFA组PERK表达减少(P<0.05),两组之间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:FFA作用能够上调βTC3细胞PERK的表达,而Lira在一定程度上逆转FFA水平异常导致的βTC3细胞PERK表达上调,减轻内质网应激反应。     

微生物源天然防腐剂在食品上的应用研究

微生物源天然防腐剂是理想的天然食品防腐剂,具有安全、无毒、高效、无副作用的特点,符合未来食品防腐的发展与使用要求,在食品工业中的应用越来越广泛.该文对天然微生物源防腐剂的来源分类、抑菌特性、抑菌机理及适用范围进行了系统的研究分析与论述.有针对性地对目前两种应用最为广泛的微生物源天然防腐剂乳酸链球菌素和纳他霉素予以介绍,同时对微生物源天然防腐剂使用过程中遇到的问题提出了对策建议.对天然防腐剂的应用与发展具有现实和指导意义.