GeSUT4 mediates sucrose import at the symbiotic interface for carbon allocation of heterotrophic Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae)

Gastrodia elata, a fully mycoheterotrophic orchid without photosynthetic ability, only grows symbiotically with the fungus Armillaria. The mechanism of carbon distribution in this mycoheterotrophy is unknown. We detected high sucrose concentrations in all stages of Gastrodia tubers, suggesting sucrose may be the major sugar transported between fungus and orchid. Thick symplasm‐isolated wall interfaces in colonized and adjacent large cells implied involvement of sucrose importers. Two sucrose transporter (SUT)‐like genes, GeSUT4 and GeSUT3, were identified that were highly expressed in young Armillaria‐colonized tubers. Yeast complementation and isotope tracer experiments confirmed that GeSUT4 functioned as a high‐affinity sucrose‐specific proton‐dependent importer. Plasma‐membrane/tonoplast localization of GeSUT4‐GFP fusions and high RNA expression of GeSUT4 in symbiotic and large cells indicated that GeSUT4 likely functions in active sucrose transport for intercellular allocation and intracellular homeostasis. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing GeSUT4 had larger leaves but were sensitive to excess sucrose and roots were colonized with fewer mutualistic Bacillus, supporting the role of GeSUT4 in regulating sugar allocation. This is not only the first documented carbon import system in a mycoheterotrophic interaction but also highlights the evolutionary importance of sucrose transporters for regulation of carbon flow in all types of plant‐microbe interactions.     

Antifungal Effect of Long Noncoding RNA 9708-1 in the Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Murine Model

Mycopathologia - Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida spp. affects 70–75% of women at least once during their lives. We aim to elucidate the potential mechanism of VVC and...     

Protective Effect of Piceatannol Against Cerebral Ischaemia–Reperfusion Injury Via Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway In Vivo and Vitro

Neurochemical Research - Piceatannol is a natural plant-derived compound with protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. However, its effect on cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury...     

Activation of Dopamine Signals in the Olfactory Tubercle Facilitates Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia in Mice

Neurochemical Research - Activation of dopamine (DA) neurons is essential for the transition from sleep to wakefulness and maintenance of awakening, and sufficient to accelerate the emergence from...     

柞蚕微粒子病潜在生物标志物的挖掘

【目的】挖掘柞蚕Antheraea pernyi微粒子病的潜在生物标志物,为开发该病害检测方法及研究柞蚕被微孢子虫Nosema pernyi侵染后体内代谢产物的差异及功能奠定基础。【方法】利用高效液相色谱和高分辨率质谱进行非靶向代谢组学分析,调查健康和患微粒子病柞蚕雌成虫血淋巴中代谢物差异。【结果】正离子模式下从健康和患微粒子病柞蚕雌成虫血淋巴中共获得8 870个代谢物,注释代谢物5 390个,筛选到差异表达代谢物472个(上调260个,下调212个),其中二级鉴定差异表达代谢物12个(上调8个,下调4个);负离子模式下获得6 716个代谢物,注释代谢物3 848个,筛选到差异表达代谢物301个(上调207个,下调94个),其中二级鉴定差异表达代谢物9个(上调8个,下调1个)。正离子模式下二级鉴定的差异表达代谢物包括缬氨酸(valine)、苯并噻唑(benzothiazole)、3-脱羟基肉碱(3-dehydroxycarnitine)、1 甲基鸟嘌呤(1-methylguanine)、2-乙氧基萘(2-ethoxynaphthalene)、N6-乙酰基-L-赖氨酸(N6-acetyl-L-lysine)、生物素(biotin)、桑色素(morin)、噻吗洛尔(timolol)、酰基肉碱15∶0(acylcarnitine 15∶0)、酰基肉碱18∶4(acylcarnitine 18∶4)和异槲皮苷(isoquercitrin);负离子模式下二级鉴定的差异表达代谢物包括二甲基丙二酸(dimethylmalonic acid)、戊二酸(glutaric acid)、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid)、1,3-二乙酰基丙烷(1,3-diacetylpropane)、3-(4-羟基苯基)乳酸(DL-p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid)、泛酸(pantothenate)、荧光素(fluorescein)、飞燕草素-3-O-beta-吡喃葡萄糖苷(delphinidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside)和溶血磷酯酰肌醇16∶1 (lysoPI 16∶1)。【结论】健康与患柞蚕微粒子病的柞蚕雌成虫血淋巴内代谢物具有显著差异,通过代谢组学挖掘出21个二级鉴定的差异表达代谢物,这些代谢物可作为潜在生物标志物用于开发柞蚕微粒子病的检测方法。     

Relationship Between Cuticular Waxes and Storage Quality Parameters of Korla Pear Under Different Storage Methods

Cuticular wax is an important factor that affects storage quality of fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have shown that cuticular wax of pears changes significantly during storage, whereas there are few studies on the effects of different storage methods on the wax changes and the relationship with storage quality. Cuticular wax of Korla pear stored using different methods, was measured to analyze its total wax content, chemical compositions and their relationship with storage quality. At the end of storage, the highest cuticular wax content was observed in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and the lowest in room temperature storage. The substances of the primary components with higher contents were nonacosane, (E, E)-ɑ-farnesene, dodecan-1-ol, 1,1-dimethoxynonane, nonanal, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. Total wax content, olefins and fatty acids were most significantly with the storage quality, followed by alkanes and esters. Moreover, total wax content, wax composition and weight loss were closely related to postharvest senescence. Overall, an understanding of variations in the cuticular wax under different storage methods could provide theoretical basis for further study on the storage and preservation technology of pears.