中国大陆天麻属(兰科)新资料

报道中国大陆兰科(Orchidaceae)天麻属(Gastrodia R. Brown)二新记录种——折柱天麻(Gastrodia flexistyla T. C. HsuC. M. Kuo)和叉脊天麻(Gastrodia shimizuana Tuyama)。折柱天麻与日本天麻[Gastrodia nipponica(Honda) Tuyama]相似,但前者花被筒长、疣状凸起不明显,唇瓣绿黄色等特征可与后者相区分。叉脊天麻与冬天麻(Gastrodia pubilabiata Sawa)相近,但前者花被筒浅黄褐色至淡红褐色,唇瓣三角状、白色等特征易与后者相区别。该文提供了新记录种的形态描述及图版。     

大腹园蛛管状腺丝重组蛋白的克隆表达及纺丝

TuSp1蛋白(tubuliform spidroin 1)是管状腺丝(tubuliform silkfiber)的主要组成成分。管状腺丝作为蛛丝卵袋的外层包卵丝,其结构具有很好的耐腐蚀性和良好的力学性能。目前国内外对大腹园蛛TuSp1蛋白的研究很少,仅有一条基因序列的报道。本课题首次构建含大腹园蛛N端非重复结构域、重复单元以及C端非重复结构域的重组管状腺丝蛋白TuSp1 NT-Rp-CT,并经湿法纺丝获得重组蛋白丝纤维。重组蛋白液圆二色谱分析结果显示,pH由7.0降低到5.5的过程中,始终保持稳定的α-螺旋构象;重组蛋白丝纤维的傅里叶变换红外光谱结果显示,丝纤维中主要二级结构为β-折叠及β-转角;经扫描电镜观察发现,冻干的絮状重组蛋白能自组装成丝纤维,且表面光滑纤细;湿纺后的重组蛋白丝纤维直径较粗,但表面较平整均匀,具有类似天然管状腺丝的形态特征,这些为TuSp1蛋白的成丝机理及仿生纺丝研究提供了理论依据。     

微生态制剂在早期结直肠癌根治术后的作用

目的探讨微生态制剂在早期结直肠癌(CRC)根治术后的作用,并为此类患者提供一种术后康复支持疗法。方法选取2017年6月-2019年6月于本院接受早期CRC根治术术后97例患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表分为观察组50例和对照组47例。两组术后均接受常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上接受双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗,比较两组治疗前后细胞免疫指标、肠道微生态复杂度及属水平相对丰度、肠道菌群OTU数量、肠道黏膜屏障功能。结果治疗后观察组NK细胞、CD3~+T、CD4~+T、CD4~+/CD8~+T均提高(P0.05),观察组CD8~+T治疗前后相近(P0.05);治疗后对照组上述指标与治疗前差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组NK细胞、CD3~+T、CD4~+T、CD4~+/CD8~+T均高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组Chao1指数、Shannon指数、肠道菌群OTU数均升高(P0.05),对照组Chao1指数、Shannon指数、肠道菌群OTU数量治疗前后差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组Chao1指数、Shannon指数、肠道菌群OTU数量均高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组大肠杆菌、肠球菌、葡萄球菌属水平相对丰度均下降(P0.05),对照组均升高(P0.05),且观察组均低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、梭菌、类杆菌、链球菌属水平相对丰度均升高(P0.05),对照组均下降(P0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组血浆D-乳酸、DAO、I-FABP、内毒素水平分别为(6.94±1.23)mg/L、(3.45±0.65)U/L、(43.95±7.99)μg/L、(4.48±0.85)U/L,均较治疗前下降(P0.05),对照组各项指标水平分别为(15.59±2.79)mg/L、(7.74±1.35)U/L、(74.21±13.82)μg/L、(8.68±1.65)U/L,均较治疗前升高(P0.05),治疗后观察组血浆D-乳酸、DAO、I-FABP、内毒素水平均降低(P0.05)。结论微生态制剂可有效改善早期CRC患者根治术后的细胞免疫水平,有效纠正早期CRC术后患者肠道菌群失调,增强早期CRC根治术后患者肠黏膜屏障功能。     

铜藻岩藻黄素提取及纯化工艺研究

为了对岩藻黄素的提取、纯化进行系统研究,进而为高纯度岩藻黄素的工业化生产提供研究基础,筛选了适用于提取铜藻（Sargassum horneri）鲜藻中岩藻黄素的有机溶剂,并通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了最佳的提取溶剂浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比等工艺参数。随后采用硅胶柱层析法进行纯化,并通过单因素实验确定了最佳的硅胶柱床高度、上样量和洗脱流速。最后采用制备液相法对经层析纯化的岩藻黄素进一步纯化。结果表明,有机溶剂萃取的最佳工艺条件为：甲醇浓度90%,提取温度50 ℃,提取时间1 h,料液比1∶10,此条件下岩藻黄素提取率达到(0.258 9±0.003 6) mg·g-1鲜重（FW）［(1.078 8±0.015 0) mg·g-1干重（DW）］。硅胶柱层析的最佳工艺条件为：硅胶柱床高度10 cm,上样量6 g,洗脱流速10 mL·min-1,此条件下岩藻黄素得率为0.176 5 mg·g-1FW（0.735 3 mg·g-1 DW）,纯度为87.01%±0.88%。经制备液相进一步纯化后,岩藻黄素得率为0.127 1 mg·g-1 FW（0.529 4 mg·g-1 DW）,纯度为99.27%±0.22%。研究所用工艺简单,岩藻黄素得率高,为高纯度岩藻黄素的制备提供了实验基础。     

基于文献计量学的百合属植物研究态势分析

基于Web of Science（简称WoS）核心数据库检索了1998-2018年间百合属植物文献,利用CiteSpace软件从国家、机构、作者、期刊以及高被引文章等方面进行了文献计量学统计分析。1998-2018年间共发表百合属植物文章1 058篇,2006年后中国发表文章数量居榜首并呈波动增长,中国科学院发表的文章数量在研究机构中排名第一。排名前2位的作者均来自荷兰瓦赫宁根大学。发文量及影响力最大的期刊是Scientia Horticulturae。发文量前10位的研究百合属植物的文章80%属于基础科学和技术科学,研究热点集中于形态学、细胞和分子生物学方向。近5年被引频次最多的高被引论文集中在百合属植物活性物质的功能验证、活性成分及其在营养健康方面的功效等方向,这些领域成为百合属植物研究的新趋势。     

The complete chloroplast genome of Myriophyllum spicatum reveals a 4‐kb inversion and new insights regarding plastome evolution in Haloragaceae

Myriophyllum, among the most species‐rich genera of aquatic angiosperms with ca. 68 species, is an extensively distributed hydrophyte lineage in the cosmopolitan family Haloragaceae. The chloroplast (cp) genome is useful in the study of genetic evolution, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular dating of controversial taxa. Here, we sequenced and assembled the whole chloroplast genome of Myriophyllum spicatum L. and compared it to other species in the order Saxifragales. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of M. spicatum is 158,858 bp long and displays a quadripartite structure with two inverted repeats (IR) separating the large single copy (LSC) region from the small single copy (SSC) region. Based on sequence identification and the phylogenetic analysis, a 4‐kb phylogenetically informative inversion between trnE‐trnC in Myriophyllum was determined, and we have placed this inversion on a lineage specific to Myriophyllum and its close relatives. The divergence time estimation suggested that the trnE‐trnC inversion possibly occurred between the upper Cretaceous (72.54 MYA) and middle Eocene (47.28 MYA) before the divergence of Myriophyllum from its most recent common ancestor. The unique 4‐kb inversion might be caused by an occurrence of nonrandom recombination associated with climate changes around the K‐Pg boundary, making it interesting for future evolutionary investigations.     

Migration sources and pathways of the pest species Sogatella furcifera in Yunnan,China, and across the border inferred from DNA and wind analyses

The migration sources and pathways of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) in topologically complex regions like Yunnan, China, and adjacent montane areas have long been a challenging task and a bottleneck in effective pest forecast and control. The present research reinvestigated this issue using a combination of mtDNA and long‐term historical wind field data in an attempt to provide new insights. Genetic analyses showed that the 60 populations of S. furcufera collected across Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan lack genetic structure and geographic isolation, while spatial analysis of haplotype and diversity indices discovered geographic relevance between populations. Migration rate analysis combined with high‐resolution 10‐year wind field analysis detected the following migration sources, pathways, and impacted areas which could explain the outbreak pattern in Yunnan. (a) Dominating stepwise northward migrations originated from northern Indochina, southern Yunnan, and central‐eastern Yunnan, impacting their northern areas. (b) Concurring summer–autumn southward (return) migration originated from nearly all latitude belts of Sichuan and Yunnan mainly impacting central and southern Yunnan. (c) Regular eastward and summer–autumn westward migrations across Yunnan. The northward migration reflects the temporal rhythm of gradual outbreaks from the south to the north in a year, while the return migration may explain the repeated or very severe outbreaks in the impacted areas. To form a better pest forecast and control network, attention must also be paid to the northern part of Yunnan to suppress the impact of return migration in summers and autumns.     

Land masses and oceanic currents drive population structure of Heritiera littoralis,a widespread mangrove in the Indo‐West Pacific

Phylogeographic forces driving evolution of sea‐dispersed plants are often influenced by regional and species characteristics, although not yet deciphered at a large spatial scale for many taxa like the mangrove species Heritiera littoralis. This study aimed to assess geographic distribution of genetic variation of this widespread mangrove in the Indo‐West Pacific region and identify the phylogeographic factors influencing its present‐day distribution. Analysis of five chloroplast DNA fragments’ sequences from 37 populations revealed low genetic diversity at the population level and strong genetic structure of H. littoralis in this region. The estimated divergence times between the major genetic lineages indicated that glacial level changes during the Pleistocene epoch induced strong genetic differentiation across the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In comparison to the strong genetic break imposed by the Sunda Shelf toward splitting the lineages of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the genetic differentiation between Indo‐Malesia and Australasia was not so prominent. Long‐distance dispersal ability of H. littoralis propagules helped the species to attain transoceanic distribution not only across South East Asia and Australia, but also across the Indian Ocean to East Africa. However, oceanic circulation pattern in the South China Sea was found to act as a barrier creating further intraoceanic genetic differentiation. Overall, phylogeographic analysis in this study revealed that glacial vicariance had profound influence on population differentiation in H. littoralis and caused low genetic diversity except for the refugia populations near the equator which might have persisted through glacial maxima. With increasing loss of suitable habitats due to anthropogenic activities, these findings therefore emphasize the urgent need for conservation actions for all populations throughout the distribution range of H. littoralis.