生态植被建设对黄土高原农林复合流域景观格局的影响

自1999年以来,黄土高原大规模地实施了退耕还林工程,生态环境呈显著恢复态势。采用2002年和2008年两期Spot5遥感影像,评估了退耕还林工程实施前后黄土高原典型农林复合流域土地利用与景观格局的动态变化。结果表明:在退耕还林工程实施的驱动下,流域土地利用变化剧烈,总变化率高达36.77%,主要变化的土地利用类型包括耕地、果园、幼林地、林地等。28.95%的耕地转为其他土地利用类型,其中48.83%转为果园,44.69%转为幼林地。景观格局变化呈明显的空间分布规律,山腰缓坡区以转化为果园为主,中、高海拔多转化为幼林地。退耕后流域生态景观得以优化,呈现良好发展态势。     

马里苷、黄诺玛苷对db/db小鼠肠道菌群的影响及相关性

目的探索两色金鸡菊中黄酮类成分马里苷、黄诺玛苷对db/db小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法将db/m小鼠作为正常对照组,db/db小鼠分为db/db模型组、db/db+恩格列净(db/db+Empagliflozin)组、db/db+马里苷(db/db+Marein)组、db/db+黄诺玛苷(db/db+Flavanomarein)组,每组8只。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)的方法检测小鼠粪样中Bacteroides ovatus、Ruminococcus gnavus的变化,并运用Pearson检验分析Bacteroides ovatus、Ruminococcus gnavus的变化与2型糖尿病相关表型的相关性。结果 (1)干预12周后与db/m组相比,db/db组小鼠粪样中Bacteroides ovatus水平显著降低(P0.010);恩格列净(P0.001)、马里苷(P0.050)、黄诺玛苷(P0.001)干预后能显著升高其含量,差异具有统计学意义。(2)与db/m组相比,db/db组小鼠粪样中Ruminococcus gnavus水平显著升高(P0.050);恩格列净(P0.050)、马里苷(P0.050)干预后能显著降低其含量,差异具有统计学意义。(3)Bacteroides ovatus水平与空腹血糖(FBG)、三酰甘油(TG)呈负相关(r=-0.420,P=0.021;r=-0.474,P=0.008);Ruminococcus gnavus水平与FBG、TG呈正相关(r=0.397,P=0.030;r=0.404,P=0.027)。结论马里苷、黄诺玛苷可以调节小鼠肠道菌群的变化,这可能是其抗糖尿病的重要机制。     

城镇化背景下深圳典型流域鱼类群落特征及驱动因子

理解城镇的快速发展对河流鱼类群落结构的影响,是城镇河流科学管理和生物多样性保护的关键基础。本研究于2019年丰水期（8月）和枯水期（11月）,选取我国城镇化典型城市-深圳域内两个处于不同城镇化程度的代表性流域,应用多重统计方法比较分析了流域间鱼类群落结构的差异,并探讨了驱动鱼类群落变异的关键环境要素。结果发现,城镇化程度高的观澜河流域其鱼类种类组成、优势类群、生物多样性指数与城镇化程度低的坪山河流域有明显差别。 具体表现为：城镇化程度高的流域土著敏感种类如异鱲、吸鳅等几近消失,优势类群为外来入侵耐受种类,其物种多样性显著低于城镇化程度低的流域（P<0.05）。同时,外来鱼类在城镇河段其数量占比平均达92.5%,广泛分布于深圳城镇河流中。在环境因素方面,城镇化程度高的观澜河流域水体理化指标总氮、总磷、氨氮、化学需氧量、生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数均显著性高于城镇化程度低的坪山河流域（P<0.05）。基于Bray-Curtis距离的冗余分析显示：城镇用地占比和总氮是影响观澜河和坪山河流域鱼类群落差异的主要因素。城镇化进程中河流生境的改变已影响到土著鱼类的生物多样性。因此,推动以恢复土著鱼类生物多样性的河流生态治理与保护是今后水生态目标管理的重要方向。     

Increment of hFIX expression with endogenous intron 1 in Vitro

This paper probes into the feasibility of increasing expression level of hFIX gene with endogenous intron 1 sequence.hFIX minigene was obtained with middle sequence truncated intron 1 inserted into the relative site of hFIX cDNA,and plasmid vector pKG5i‘IX,retroviral vector G1NaCi‘IX were constructed.These vectors were transduced into target cells of PA317,C2C12,primary rabbit skin fibroblasts (RSF) and primary human skin fibroblasts (HSF).The expression level of mixed colonies are PA317/pKG5i‘IX,151 ng/10^6 cells/24h;PA317/G1NaCi‘IX,308 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;C2C12/G1NaCi‘IX,186 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;RSF/G1NaCi‘IX,1929 ng/10^6 cells/24 h;HSF/G1NaCi‘IX,1646 ng/10^6 cells/24 h.These results indicated that hFIX minigene with intron l is able to increase the expression level to about 3 times of that of hFIX cDNA.Meanwhile,in order to study the application of hFIX minigene in the retroviral-mediated gene transfer system and refrain from intron splicing during viral production,a retroviral vector G1NaCi‘IXR with reversely inserted hFIX minigene expression cassette was constructed.The expression level of reverse constructor in PA317 cells was 390 ng/10^6 cells/24 h with 79% of bioactivity.PCR detection of HT/G1NaCi‘IXR cells infected with PA317/G1NaCi‘IXR supernatant confirmed the existence of intron 1 sequence.These results suggested that expression vector with forward-inserted intronl-carrying hFIX expression cassette can be used in directed gene transfer,but when using the retroviral-mediated gene transfer system,reversely-inserted intronl-carrying hFIX expression cassette should be considered.     

Effect of osmotic shock on the redox system in plasma membrane of Dunaliella salina

The unicellular halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina had the ability to oxidize NADH and reduce Fe(CN)6^3-.The redox reactions were to some extent stimulated by slight hyperosmotic shock (2.0mol/L→2.6mol/L NaCl),but markably inhibited by abrupt hyperosmotic shock (2.0mol/L→3.5mol/L NaCl) and hypoosmotic shock (2.0mol/L→1.0mol/L NaCl;2.0mol/L→0.67mol/L NaCl).With the adaptation of algal cells to osmotic shock by accumulating or degraging intracellular grycerol,the plasmalemma redox activities were also restored.The O2 uptake stimulated by NADH could be promoted by FA and SHAM.Hypoosmotic shock increases the basal respiration rate of alga cells,but weakened the stimulating effects of NADH,FA and SHAM on O2 uptake.On the other hand,hyperosmotic shock reduced the basal respiration rate,but relatively enhanced the above effects of NADH,FA and SHAM.H^ extrusion of alga cells was inhibited by NADH and stimulated by Fe(CN)6^3-.Vanadate and DES could inhibit H^ efflux,but had little effect in the presence of NADH and Fe(CN)6^3-.Both hyperand hypoosmotic shock stimulated H^ extrusion.This effect could be totally inhibited by vanadate and DES,but almost unaffected by 8-hydroxyquinoline.It was suggested that H^ -ATPase probably played a more important role in H^ extrusion and osmoregulation under the conditions of osmotic shock.     

Transgenic overexpression of BAFF regulates the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Danio rerio</Emphasis>

The B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a member of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily that specifically regulates B lymphocyte proliferation and survival. Excess BAFF leads to overproduction of antibodies for secretion, anti-dsDNA antibodies and a lupus-like syndrome in mice. To investigate whether transgenic overexpression of the zebrafish BAFF leads to immunoglobulin changes and/or early maturing of the immune system, a Tol2-GFP-2A-BAFF/His recombinant plasmid was constructed by inserting a 2A peptide between the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and BAFF sequences. Functional GFP and BAFF proteins were expressed separately and confirmed in HeLa cells. The relative expression of immune-related genes (IgLC-1, IgLC-2, IgLC-3, IgD, IgM and IL-4), early lymphoid markers (Ikaros, Rag-1 and TCRAC), and the protooncogene Bcl-2 were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in F0 founder of transgenic zebrafish juveniles and adults. Ectopic expression of BAFF in adults was confirmed using Western blots and was shown to upregulate IgLC-1, IgLC-2, IgD, IgM, IgZ/T, Ikaros, Rag-1, TCRAC, IL-4 and Bcl-2 expression in juveniles on day 21 and IgLC-1, IgLC-2, IgD, IgM, IgZ/T, Rag-1, TCRAC and Bcl-2 expression in zebrafish three months postfertilization. The relative titers of specific IgM against Edwardsiella tarda WED were assessed using modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the whole body homogenate of zebrafish and demonstrated a significant increase in BAFF-transgenic group. Therefore, our findings provided novel insight into further exploration of modulating adaptive immunity and studying autoimmune diseases caused by regulating BAFF.     

寄生在蚜虫上的足绒螨属一新种：真螨目：绒螨科

足绒螨属 Podothrombium 隶属绒螨科(Trombidiidae)。在已知的34种7亚种,只有4种有幼螨的描述。本文描述了寄生在蚜虫上的一种足绒螨属的幼虫新种,寡毛足绒螨 Podothrombium paucisetarum sp.nov.。与已知的4种足绒螨幼螨相比,该新种在背腹毛总数(NDV)、须跗节毛数、足指数(Ip)、盾板长(SD)、跗节Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的普通毛数、跗节Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的荆毛数等各主要特征上都与其它种不同。     

牦牛miR-378前体克隆及组织表达分析

旨在克隆牦牛miR-378的前体序列,阐明其组织表达规律,结合bta-miR-378靶基因的生物信息学预测和分析,探讨miR-378在牦牛生长发育过程中的调控功能。采用PCR方法成功克隆类乌齐牦牛miR-378前体序列,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测miR-378-3p在各组织中的表达模式,结合生物信息学软件TargetScan、DAVID以及数据库NCBI、miRbase等对miR-378进行保守性分析、靶基因预测及其生物学功能分析。结果表明,miR-378在各物种间高度保守,且miR-378-3p在各组织中广泛表达,其中在臀大肌中表达水平最高,显著高于其他组织(P<0.01),在臀脂中的表达高于卵巢、大脑、乳腺和肝脏。获得的272个靶基因主要参与细胞分化、细胞发育、大分子代谢等多个生物学过程,涉及孕酮介导的卵母细胞成熟、促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)信号通路等,由此推测,miR-378可能在卵泡发育、卵母细胞成熟过程中起关键作用,进而影响母牦牛的繁殖性能。     

异质生境对荒漠草原植物群落组成和种群生态位的影响

为揭示荒漠草原不同植物种群生态位特征以及对有限资源的利用状况,以围栏内外不同土壤类型下植物群落为研究对象,运用经典生态位理论,探讨其群落组成和种群生态位特征。结果表明：在调查样方中共记录到15科36属42种植物,以豆科、禾本科、菊科和藜科的草本植物为主。风沙土生境中的植被生物量和密度最高,一年生植物生态位宽度值往往较高,以猪毛蒿的重要值最大。灰钙土生境中植被盖度较高,多年生植物生态位宽度值相对较高,以牛枝子和针茅的重要值最大。放牧会减少多年生草本的种类和数量,而一年生草本有所增加,对半灌木数量则影响不大。在不同生境下猪毛蒿生态位宽度和总宽度值均居首,是该区域主要优势种和典型的泛化种。在放牧和短期围栏内猪毛蒿与其他物种的生态位重叠指数均较高,但在长期围封样地中,特别是灰钙土生境下,重叠指数比重有所降低。基岩风化沉积土中物种间的重叠程度最大,而风沙土中则最小。猪毛蒿分布在生态位重叠指数DCA排序图的中心,说明其在群落中占有重要地位,对有限资源的竞争能力和对环境的适应能力较强。综上,生境的异质性是导致群落组成及生态位不同的关键因子,因此在荒漠草原进行植被恢复建设和保护措施时,应考虑不同土壤类型条件下各物种生态适应性,避免生态位功能冲突。