Pharmacokinetic properties of crocin (crocetin digentiobiose ester) following oral administration in rats

This study investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of crocin following oral administration in rats. After a single oral dose, crocin was undetected while crocetin, a metabolite of crocin, was found in plasma at low concentrations. Simultaneously, crocin was largely present in feces and intestinal contents within 24h. After repeated oral doses for 6 days, crocin remained undetected in plasma and plasma crocetin concentrations were comparable to the corresponding data obtained after the single oral dose. Furthermore, the absorption characteristics of crocin were evaluated in situ using an intestinal recirculation perfusion method. During recirculation, crocin was undetected and low concentrations of crocetin were detected in plasma. The concentrations of crocin in the perfusate were reduced through different intestinal segments, and the quantities of drug lost were greater throughout the colon. These results indicate that (1) orally administered crocin is not absorbed either after a single dose or repeated doses, (2) crocin is excreted largely through the intestinal tract following oral administration, (3) plasma crocetin concentrations do not tend to accumulate with repeated oral doses of crocin, and (4) the intestinal tract serves as an important site for crocin hydrolysis.     

The effect of neighboring amino acid residues and solution environment on the oxidative stability of tyrosine in small peptides

The effects of neighboring residues and formulation variables on tyrosine oxidation were investigated in model dipeptides (glysyl tyrosine, N-acetyl tyrosine, glutamyl tyrosine, and tyrosyl arginine) and tripeptide (lysyl tyrosyl lysine). The tyrosyl peptides were oxidized by light under alkaline conditions by a zero-order reaction. The rate of the photoreaction was dependent on tyrosyl pK(a), which was perturbed by the presence of neighboring charged amino acid residues. The strength of light exposure, oxygen headspace, and the presence of cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonia chloride had a significant effect on the kinetics of tyrosyl photo-oxidation. Tyrosine and model tyrosyl peptides were also oxidized by hydrogen peroxide/metal ions at neutral pH. Metal-catalyzed oxidation followed first-order kinetics. Adjacent negatively charged amino acids accelerated tyrosine oxidation owing to affinity of the negative charges to metal-ions, whereas positively charged amino acid residues disfavored the reaction. The oxidation of tyrosine in peptides was greatly affected by the presence of adjacent charged residues, and the extent of the effect depended on the solution environment.     

一株具有防病促生功能的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌SF327

【目的】筛选植物根际促生贝莱斯芽孢杆菌,分析菌株的生防潜力和全基因组特征。【方法】通过温室小青菜促生试验以及植物益生表型的分析,明确具有促生功能的菌株SF327。用滤纸片法测定菌株SF327对5种植物病原真菌以及4种植物病原细菌的拮抗活性。通过大田喷雾接种的方式评价菌株SF327对水稻白叶枯病的防治潜力。利用antiSMASH分析预测菌株SF327产生的二次代谢产物。通过比较基因组分析SF327与2株植物根际益生贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的代表性菌株FZB42和SQR9的亲缘关系、核心基因以及二次代谢产物合成基因簇。【结果】菌株SF327能够产生生长素吲哚-3-乙酸,是一株有益的根围促生菌;对稻瘟病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、辣椒疫霉菌、橡胶树胶孢炭疽菌、尖孢炭疽病菌都具有明显的拮抗作用;也具有防治水稻白叶枯病的生防潜力。菌株SF327基因组全长4.08 Mb,GC含量为46.49%,共编码4 033个基因,含有13个潜在的次生代谢产物编码基因簇,不含有质粒。SF327与FZB42和SQR9具有较近的亲缘关系,有87%以上的核心基因相同,但与SQR9的亲缘关系较近。【结论】B. velezensis SF327是一株具有宽广拮抗谱的多功能菌株,具有较好的生防应用潜力。     

Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer Based on TCGA Database

Biochemical Genetics - Previous studies have reported a cluster of aberrant promoter methylation changes associated with silencing of tumor suppressor genes in thyroid cancer (TC), but these...     

CircFBXW8 Acts an Oncogenic Role in the Malignant Progression of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma by miR-370-3p-Dependent Regulation of TRIM44

Biochemical Genetics - Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is an aggressive malignant tumor. Growing evidences have revealed that circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in NSCLC progression. This...     

Shelter availability reduces the effects of the invasive Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) on eelgrass-dominated clear-water lakes: a mesocosm approach

Hydrobiologia - Shelter availability is one of the key features governing crayfish habitat quality. It can directly influence crayfish’s individual survival of by lowering the risk of...     

microRNA-21-5p from M2 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles promotes the differentiation and activity of pancreatic cancer stem cells by mediating KLF3

Cell Biology and Toxicology - Given the fact that tumor-associated macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attributable to tumor aggressiveness, this research intends to decode the...     

The Effect of α7nAChR Signaling on T Cells and Macrophages and Their Clinical Implication in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases

Neurochemical Research - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune disease and until now, the etiology and pathogenesis of RA is not fully understood, although dysregulation of...