禽源大肠杆菌耶尔森氏菌强毒力岛核心基因的检测及其irp2和int基因同源性

【目的】为了提高禽源大肠杆菌中耶尔森氏菌强毒力岛(HPI)的检测效率, 了解高分子量铁调节蛋白2基因(irp2)和整合酶基因(int)在不同株禽源HPI+大肠杆菌间的同源性, 进一步揭示禽源大肠杆菌HPI的转移规律。【方法】利用L16(44)正交试验设计, 建立针对HPI核心基因irp2和fyuA的双重PCR, 运用双重PCR方法检测禽源大肠杆菌临床分离株, 并对检出的7株HPI阳性(HPI+)大肠杆菌进行irp2和int基因测序及同源性分析, 同时结合这7株大肠杆菌的ERIC-PCR分析结果, 对比分析int基因的分布特点。【结果】结果显示, 新建立的双重PCR能特异性扩增出HPI核心基因; ERIC-PCR分析显示, HPI+大肠杆菌间差异均大于5%; HPI+大肠杆菌irp2基因高度保守(同源性大于99%), 而int基因虽然都位于asn-tRNA位点, 但基因序列在部分菌株间存在较大差异。【结论】建立了一种可以用于HPI的流行病学调查和实验室诊断的双重PCR方法, 并推测区域外同源重组可能是HPI基因在大肠杆菌间水平转移的主要方式。     

Iodine Excess Induces Hepatic Steatosis Through Disturbance of Thyroid Hormone Metabolism Involving Oxidative Stress in BaLB/c Mice

Iodine excess is emerging as a new focus. A better understanding of its hazardous effects on the liver will be of great benefit to health. The aim of this study is to illustrate the effects of iodine excess on hepatic lipid homeostasis and explore its possible mechanisms. One hundred twenty BaLB/c mice were given iodine at different levels (0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mg I/L) in drinking water for 1 or 3 months. Lipid parameters and serum thyroid hormones were measured. Hepatic type 1 deiodinase activity and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. The mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Dose-dependent increase of hepatic triglyceride content was detected (r?=?0.680, P?<?0.01) in iodine-loaded groups. Evident hepatic steatosis was observed in 2.4 and 4.8 mg I/L iodine-loaded groups. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were decreased, and the malondialdehyde level was increased by excessive iodine in both serum and liver in a dose-dependent manner, accompanying the decrease of hepatic D1 activity. That resulted in the increase of serum total thyroxine and the decrease of serum total triiodothyronine in iodine-loaded groups. The mRNA expression of SREBP-1c and FAS was increased in iodine-loaded groups in response to the change of serum triiodothyronine. Present findings demonstrated that iodine excess could dose dependently induce hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, our data suggested that the disturbance of thyroid hormone metabolism involving oxidative stress may play a critical role in iodine excess-induced hepatic steatosis.     

大规模蛋白质相互作用组实验技术及其应用

大规模蛋白质相互作用研究的主要实验技术包括酵母双杂交技术、串联亲和纯化技术和蛋白质芯片技术,随着这些技术的不断发展和完善,科学家们在模式生物、哺乳动物、病原微生物中展开了大规模的蛋白质相互作用组研究,并进行了药物研发方面的研究,绘制了多种生物的蛋白质相互作用连锁图,揭示了多种蛋白质的新功能,为全面研究蛋白质（群）的分子作用机制、药物研发和疾病的临床预防与治疗等提供了崭新的线索。     

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1H-1,2,4-triazole,benzothiazole and indazole-based derivatives as potent FGFR1 inhibitors viafragment-based virtual screening

Abstract

Fibroblast growth-factor receptor (FGFR) is a potential target for cancer therapy. We designed three novel series of FGFR1 inhibitors bearing indazole, benzothiazole, and 1H-1,2,4-triazole scaffold via fragment-based virtual screening. All the newly synthesised compounds were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activities against FGFR1. Compound 9d bearing an indazole scaffold was first identified as a hit compound, with excellent kinase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 15.0?nM) and modest anti-proliferative activity (IC₅₀ = 785.8?nM). Through two rounds of optimisation, the indazole derivative 9?u stood out as the most potent FGFR1 inhibitors with the best enzyme inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 3.3?nM) and cellular activity (IC₅₀ = 468.2?nM). Moreover, 9?u also exhibited good kinase selectivity. In addition, molecular docking study was performed to investigate the binding mode between target compounds and FGFR1.     

利用三阶段葡萄糖添加策略减少乙酸合成并促进重组大肠杆菌生产L-苯丙氨酸

为了降低副产物乙酸的积累和提高L-苯丙氨酸的产量,分别优化了L-苯丙氨酸发酵的初始葡萄糖浓度和葡萄糖的指数流加策略.结果表明,20 g/L的初始葡萄糖浓度可以控制细胞的比生长速率低于临界值0.3 h-1,显著地降低了乙酸的积累,提高了L-苯丙氨酸的产量.采用预设比生长速率μ3* =0.4(h-1)进行葡萄糖的指数流加取得了实际最大比生长速率0.29 h-1,使细胞的比生长速率低于临界值,促进了L-苯丙氨酸的合成,最终获得L-苯丙氨酸的产量达48.45 g/L,比本实验室原有水平提高了37％.     

Using Bosentan to Treat Paraquat Poisoning-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Background

Paraquat poisoning is well known for causing multiple organ function failure (MODS) and high mortality. Acute lung injury and advanced pulmonary fibrosis are the most serious complications. Bosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist. It plays an important role in treating PF. There is no related literature on the use of bosentan therapy for paraquat poisoning.

Objective

To study the use of bosentan to treat acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis as induced by paraquat.

Method

A total of 120 adult Wister male rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the paraquat poisoning group (rats were intragastrically administered with paraquat at 50 mg/kg body weight once at the beginning); the bosentan therapy group (rats were administered bosentan at 100 mg/kg body weight by intragastric administration half an hour after paraquat was administered, then the same dose was administered once a day); and a control group (rats were administered intragastric physiological saline). On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days following paraquat exposure, rats were sacrificed, and samples of lung tissue and venous blood were collected. The levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and hydroxyproline (HYP) in the plasma and lung homogenate were determined. Optical and electronic microscopes were used to examine pathological changes.

Result

The TGF-β1, ET-1, and HYP of the paraquat poisoning group were significantly higher than in the control group, and they were significantly lower in the 21st day therapy group than in the paraquat poisoning group on the same day. Under the optical and electronic microscopes, lung tissue damage was observed to be more severe but was then reduced after bosentan was administered.

Conclusion

Bosentan can reduce inflammation factor release. It has a therapeutic effect on acute lung injury as induced by paraquat.     

SUMOylation of PPARγ by Rosiglitazone Prevents LPS-Induced NCoR Degradation Mediating Down Regulation of Chemokines Expression in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells

Rosiglitazone (RGL), a synthetic agonist for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), exhibits a potent anti-inflammatory activity by attenuating local infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes in the renal interstitium. To evaluate the mechanisms that account for inhibiting inflammatory cells infiltration, we investigated the effect of RGL on chemokines secretion and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs). We demonstrated that RGL significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production in a dose-dependent manner, without appreciable cytotoxicity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays clearly revealed that, RGL inhibited p65 binding to IL-8/MCP-1 gene promoters in LPS-stimulated PTCs. Interestingly, further experiments showed RGL reversed LPS-induced nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) degradation. In addition, knockdown of protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1), an indispensable small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, abrogated the effects of RGL on antagonizing LPS-induced IL-8/MCP-1 overexpression and NCoR degradation. These findings suggest that, RGL activates PPARγ SUMOylation, inhibiting NCoR degradation and NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated PTCs, which in turn decrease chemokines expression. The results unveil a new mechanism triggered by RGL for prevention of tubular inflammatory injury.     

Revealing Pseudocapacitive Mechanisms of Metal Dichalcogenide SnS2/Graphene‐CNT Aerogels for High‐Energy Na Hybrid Capacitors

SnS₂ nanoplatelet electrodes can offer an exceptionally high pseudocapacitance in an organic Na⁺ ion electrolyte system, but their underlying mechanisms are still largely unexplored, hindering the practical applications of pseudocapacitive SnS₂ anodes in Na‐ion batteries (SIBs) and Na hybrid capacitors (SHCs). Herein, SnS₂ nanoplatelets are grown directly on SnO₂/C composites to synthesize SnS₂/graphene‐carbon nanotube aerogel (SnS₂/GCA) by pressurized sulfidation where the original morphology of carbon framework is preserved. The composite electrode possessing a large surface area delivers a remarkable specific capacity of 600.3 mA h g^?1 at 0.2 A g^?1 and 304.8 mA h g^?1 at an ultrahigh current density of 10 A g^?1 in SIBs. SHCs comprising a SnS₂/GCA composite anode and an activated carbon cathode present exceptional energy densities of 108.3 and 26.9 W h kg^?1 at power densities of 130 and 6053 W kg^?1, respectively. The in situ transmission electron microscopy and the density functional theory calculations reveal that the excellent pseudocapacitance originates from the combination of Na adsorption on the surface/Sn edge of SnS₂ nanoplatelets and ultrafast Na⁺ ion intercalation into the SnS₂ layers.     

Electronic and Defective Engineering of Electrospun CaMnO3 Nanotubes for Enhanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Rational design and massive production of bifunctional catalysts with superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities are essential for developing metal–air batteries and fuel cells. Herein, controllable large‐scale synthesis of sulfur‐doped CaMnO₃ nanotubes is demonstrated via an electrospinning technique followed by calcination and sulfurization treatment. The sulfur doping can not only replace oxygen atoms to increase intrinsic electrical conductivity but also introduce abundant oxygen vacancies to provide enough catalytically active sites, which is further demonstrated by density functional theory calculation. The resulting sulfur‐modified CaMnO₃ (CMO/S) exhibits better electrocatalytic activity for ORR and OER in alkaline solution with higher stability performance than the pristine CMO. These results highlight the importance of sulfur treatment as a facile yet effective strategy to improve the ORR and OER catalytic activity of the pristine CaMnO₃. As a proof‐of‐concept, a rechargeable Zn–air battery using the bifunctional catalyst exhibits a small charge–discharge voltage polarization, and long cycling life. Furthermore, a solid‐state flexible and rechargeable Zn–air battery gives superior discharge–charge performance and remarkable stability. Therefore, the CMO/S nanotubes might be a promising replacement to the Pt‐based electrocatalysts for metal–air batteries and fuel cells.