Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic investigations of selenium-containing phycocyanin from selenium-rich algae ( Spirulina platensis )

The selenium-containing phycocyanin from the selenium-rich algae (Spirulina platensis) has been crystallized in two crystal forms by the hanging-drop vapor diffusion techniques. A chromatographic procedure of gel filtration and anion exchange was used for purification. Form I crystal with space group P2₁ and cell parameters a =108.0 ?, b= 117.0 ?, c = 184.0?, β= 90.2° and 12(αβ) units in the asymmetric unit was obtained by using (NH₄)₂SO₄ as precipitant. These crystals diffract up to 2.8 ?. Form II crystal obtained by using PEG4000 as precipitant belongs to space group P6₃ with unit cell constants a = 155.0 ?, c = 40.3 ?, γ =120.0° and one(αβ) unit in the asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract beyond 2.9 ?. The possible stacking forms of phycocyanin molecules in the first crystal form were discussed.     

A green and effective method for the determination of metalaxyl enantiomers in tobacco and soil by supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

We reported a new methodology for the stereoselective determination of metalaxyl enantiomers in tobacco and soil. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was used for the extraction and clean-up of the tobacco and soil samples. Separation of the metalaxyl enantiomers was performed on an ACQUITY UPC2 Trefoil CEL1 chiral column coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS), and the run time was only 5 minutes. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries for the enantiomers were between 78.2% and 93.3% with intraday relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 1.1% to 5.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) for the enantiomers in tobacco and soil varied from 0.005 to 0.007 mg/kg, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.017 to 0.020 mg/kg. In this method, only a small amount of methanol was consumed to obtain a rapid stereoselective separation. This proposed method showed good accuracy and precision and might be suitable for fast enantioselective determination of metalaxyl in food and environmental samples. The developed method was further validated by application to the analysis of authentic samples.     

中国野生动物调查存在的问题与改进建议

一百余年前,人类就开始了相对系统的野生动物调查。目前已经建立了成熟的方法体系,并制定了相应的调查规范。最近几十年来,我国科研人员进行了大量的野生动物调查。但是,当前我国的野外调查规范还不够细致,调查者在调查时缺乏必要的约束,导致调查数据不规范、不可靠,很多重要信息缺失。突出问题有：样线信息不全,只有起点和终点的经纬度,没有自动记录的详细样线信息（如每秒记录一次的连续点位信息,含经纬度和时间）;动物位点信息缺乏可信度指标（如距观测者的距离）;调查时间不合理;调查地点的空间取样不均衡;记录的标准化不够（如每个观测点的观测时长不确定）等等。对此,我们参考国际通用的调查规范,提出了一些简单易行的调查要点,以便提高野外调查数据的质量。另外,我们提倡野外记录的无纸化,充分利用现有的手机应用软件（APP）和模型工具提高野外记录以及后期数据处理的效率。最后,我们提议建立固定的中国生物多样性监测样线体系,以便消除每年调查时空间取样的不确定性,更好地量化野生动物的时间动态,为野生动物的保护和管理提供依据。     

重组人GM-CSF/MCAF融合蛋白的构建及其体内外抗肿瘤研究

以单核细胞趋化激活因子(MCAF)作为导向效应细胞(单核细胞)到靶部位的因子,与粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CFS)融合构建成细胞因子融合蛋白rhGM-CSF/MCAF.它分别保留各自较高的生物学活性及具有协同与增强功能.体外抗肿瘤试验表明,它激活单核细胞后能抑制多种肿瘤细胞的生长.裸鼠抗肿瘤试验同样显示明显的抑瘤效应,且优于rhGM-CSF.病理组织学检查提示这种抗肿瘤作用是通过将大量的单核细胞募集到肿瘤部位来实现的.     

0.21nm分辨率BO-(L-精氨酸)牛胰岛素晶体结构研究

应用差值Fourier技术,立体化学最小二乘技术和XPLOR程序并辅以电子密度图的人工拟合,以三方二锌猪胰岛素模型为起点,解析了0.21nm分辨率BO-(L-精氨酸)牛胰岛素的晶体结构,最终R因子为18.2%,与标准键长与键角的均方根偏差分别为0.0022nm和 4.3°.从电子密度图与模型的拟合来看,独立区两个分子中B链N端加长的L-精氨酸清晰可见.相对于三方二锌猪胰岛素分子,B链N端晶体学微环境发生了变化.     

Hypocrellin derivative with improvements of red absorption and active oxygen species generation

A novel diamino-substituted hypocrellin derived from hypocrellin B (HB) was synthesized by a mild method. The red absorption of the resulting product was significantly enhanced relative to the parent hypocrellins and any other hypocrellin derivatives, and the active oxygen species generating abilities were enhanced distinctly, which will remarkably improve its photodynamic therapy effectiveness.     

中药益智的化学成分研究

采用正反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶、MCI树脂等层析技术从中药益智95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到13个化合物,运用现代波谱技术分别鉴定为:益智酮甲(1,yakuchinone A)、益智醇(2,oxyphyllacin-ol)、白杨素(3,chrysin)、rhamnocitrin(4)、oxyphyllenodiol A(5)、oxyphyllenodiol B(6)、nootkatone(7)、dehydro-noot-katone(8)、7-epi-teucrenone(9)、oxyphyllenone A(10)、oxyphyllenone B(11)、原儿茶酸(12,protocatechuic acid)和琥珀酸(13,succinic acid)。其中化合物4、13为首次从该植物中分得,化合物8为新的天然产物。     

Efficient Inhibition of wear debris-induced inflammation by locally delivered siRNA

Aseptic loosening is the most common long-term complication of total joint replacement, which is associated with the generation of wear debris. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on wear debris-induced inflammation. A local delivery of lentivirus-mediated TNF-α siRNA into the modified murine air pouch, which was stimulated by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles, resulted in significant blockage of TNF-α both in mRNA and protein levels for up to 4 weeks. In addition, significant down-regulation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was observed in TNF-α siRNA-treated pouches. The safety profile of gene therapy was proven by Bioluminescent assay and quantitative fluorescent flux. Histological analysis revealed less inflammatory responses (thinner pouch membrane and decreased cellular infiltration) in TNF-α siRNA-treated pouches. These findings suggest that local delivery of TNF-α siRNA might be an excellent therapeutic candidate to inhibit particle-induced inflammation.