壳聚糖酶结构与功能的研究进展

壳聚糖酶是一类对壳聚糖具有较高催化活性而几乎不水解几丁质的糖苷水解酶,其可将高分子量的壳聚糖转化为低分子量的功能性壳寡糖。近年来,对壳聚糖酶的相关研究取得了显著进展,因此,本文对其生化性质、晶体结构、催化机制和蛋白质工程改造进行总结和探讨,并对酶法制备壳寡糖纯品进行展望,这将加深研究者对壳聚糖酶作用机制的认识,推动壳聚糖酶的工业应用。     

草菇子实体多肽提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

为了优化草菇子实体多肽的提取工艺和探究其抗氧化活性,以草菇子实体为原料,采用酶解法提取草菇子实体多肽,通过单因素试验得出最佳的酶解工艺,并使用Box-Behnken设计试验组合。结果表明：草菇子实体提取多肽的最佳工艺为料液比1:52 (g/mL)、加酶量7 200 U/g、酶解温度43 ℃,此工艺条件下的多肽得率为67.76%。从1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和羟自由基清除能力4个方面研究其体外抗氧化能力,结果表明,草菇子实体多肽对DPPH自由基清除率为74.11%,超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基清除率分别在69.64%和91.83%达到稳定,草菇子实体多肽还具有一定的还原力,说明草菇子实体多肽可以作为优质抗氧化肽的良好来源。该研究为草菇多肽的高效制备和抗氧化肽等高附加值产品的研发提供理论依据。     

Neurobiological mechanisms of the meridian and the propagation of needle feeling along the meridian pathway

The present experiments attempt to find the meridian phenomenon and how the needle feeling propagates along the given meridian channels. The neurobiological mechanisms of the meridian were studied with neuroelectrical recording from the motor neurons and CB-HRP retrograde histochemistry technique in both rats and cats. The results demonstrated that most, but not all, of alpha motor neurons supplying a muscle group of a given meridian were selectively activated by afferent inputs originating not only from homonymous or heterogeneous, but synergistic muscle, but also from the skin nerve overlying the muscle group of the homonymous meridian. However, the afferent inputs from the heterogeneous meridian have very weak or no effect. On the other hand, the labeled motor neurons supplying a given meridian muscles form a discrete longitudinal column with a definite bound in the lateral ventral horn. There are oriented dendro-dendristes projections between the labeled motor neurons.The characteristics of both sel     

Dynamic changes of mechanically activated channels and K+ channels at injury site of peripheral nerve in rat

Ectopic ion channels developed locally at the injury site after nerve damage by light ligation around common sciatic nerve of the rats. Different channel types have different processes of formation, accumulation and degeneration. During the first three days after injury, mechanically activated channels that are modulated by Ca++ channel activities first appeared. As the nerve fibers begin to be excited by TEA, a blocker of K+ channels, suggesting that the accumulation of K+ channels, the responsibility of mechanically activated channels was declining. Onset of K+ channels was from the 3rd postoperative day and lasted up to the fiftieth day. This time course of K+ channel development was closely related to allodynia and hyperalgesia of neuropathic animal behaviour. The results suggest that chronic contraction injury induces a dynamic change in the ectopic mechanically activated channels and K+ channels at the injury site of nerve and there is an interchange in the development time courses of the mechanic     

刺激家兔中脑导水管周围灰质抑制束旁核伤害性放电的脊髓上机制

本工作比较了家兔脊髓背侧1/2进行横切前后刺激中脑中央灰质对束旁核伤害性放电的抑制率的改变。实验表明中央灰质既可通过公认的脊髓下行纤维抑制脊髓水平的痛传递,减弱束旁核单位的痛敏放电,也可通过某种脊髓上机制实现对束旁核的抑制。我们对这两种机制的相对重要性作了分析。用直11个束旁核痛敏单位所作的计算表明,在脊髓切割前,刺激中央灰质可使束旁核痛敏放电抑制67.5%,脊髓背侧1/2横切后,同样的中脑刺激只能使痛敏放电抑制42.9%。如以切割前的抑制率作为直100%,则切割可使抑制减弱36.5%,这一部分抑制应当是由被切断的脊髓下行纤维实现的,其余63.5%则可能主要通过脊髓上机制来实现。考虑到脊髓背半部横切不可能全部切断下行纤维,故实际上脊髓上机制的重要性不会有上述数值表示的那么大。     

A Brief Contact with Early Embryonic Cells Induces the Differentiation of Embryonal Carcinoma Cells

An assay system was developed to detect a switch of mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells to the pathway for normal cell differentiation after a brief contact with normal embryonic cells. The system consisted of (1) the mixed aggregation of AT805 EC cells with 8-cell stage mouse embryos, (2) the stationary culture of the mixed aggregates into blastocysts and (3) the cell culture of inner cell masses isolated from chimeric blastocysts containing EC cells at 2, 3 and 4 days after the initiaion of chimeric aggregation. The number of foci of EC cells which appeared in the cultures of inner cell masses was decreased with a length of contact of EC cells with normal embryos as the mixed aggregates. After 4 days' contact, only fibroblastic and epithelial cells appeared in most cultures of inner cell masses. Examination of isozyme markers of GPI revealed that such cell cultures consisting of nonmalignant cells contained cells of tumor origin. Thus, it was concluded that a brief exposure to the environment of normal embryos can regulate the tumor cells to differentiate into non-malignant cells. This conclusion was substantiated by comparing the pattern of protein spots of the tumor cells with that of non-malignant cells of the tumor origin by two dimensional gel electrophoresis.     

裂新蚤的厘订及雄性形态描述（蚤目：多毛蚤科）

本文将裂新蚤Neopsylla schismatosa Li,1980改订为特新蚤裂亚种N.specialis schismatosa Li,1980,并首次记述其雄性,同时对雌性形态作了补充。     

赤眼蜂的产卵行为

赤眼蜂能在多种宿主卵中产卵寄生,并且还具有在人工物体上产卵的习性。Holloway早在1912年即观察到秋葵植物汁滴干燥结膜后,广赤眼蜂(Trichogramma evanescen)企图在其表面产卵。Salt(1935)观察到赤眼蜂有企图将产卵器插入玻璃珠,水银滴,植物种子等表面的行为。Hagen等(1965)试制人工蜡卵饲喂草蛉幼虫时,偶然发现赤眼蜂可以产卵在这种蜡卵内。近年来,Rajendram和Hagen(1974)曾用上述蜡卵引诱赤眼蜂产卵于盐水或氨基酸溶液内。总之,赤眼蜂可在不少的非天然的宿主或物体上产卵,并且所报道产过卵的物体都是球形的。Salt(1937)认为决定赤眼蜂产卵的因素是化学感觉,夜蛾中促使赤眼蜂产卵的物质是22—25碳的直链烷烃成分。但影响产卵行为的各种因素尚缺乏详细的分析。