CO_2倍增对植物生长和土壤微生物生物量碳、氮的影响

关于大气ＣＯ２浓度倍增（即为７００μｍｏｌＣＯ２·ｍｏｌ－１空气）将对植物生长产生诸多影响,已有大量报道［１,２］。但ＣＯ２倍增对植物及所在土壤中微生物影响的研究甚少［３,４］。土壤微生物是陆地生态系统中最活跃的成分,担负着分解动植物残体的重要作用,...     

豆突眼长蝽发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

在恒温条件下 ,观察了不同温度对豆突眼长蝽ChauliopsfallaxScott生长发育的影响 ,用直接最优法和直线回归法分析数据 ,结果表明直接最优法能较好地反应实际情况。卵、1～ 5龄若虫和整个若虫期的发育起点温度分别为 7 98℃ ,7 1 6℃ ,6 5 3℃ ,8 81℃ ,6 75℃ ,8 2 7℃和 7 5 0℃ ,有效积温分别为85 8,60 8,5 2 0 ,71 4,1 0 1 5 ,66 3和 3 5 3 0日·度 ,发育速率最大时的温度分别为 3 4 84℃ ,3 4 48℃ ,3 4 1 6℃ ,3 4 1 2℃ ,3 4 75℃ ,3 5 1 1℃和 3 3 65℃。     

中国对虾荧光标记虾的大规模制作与养殖试验

以平均体长为2 cm以上的10 632只中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis),用红色荧光染料(visible implant elastomer,VIE)制作荧光标记对虾,与10万只非标记的中国对虾在同一池塘养殖。结果表明,VIE标记对虾和非标记对虾经2-3个月的养殖后,在生长发育和成活率等方面没有差异。尽管荧光标记的残留率随着虾体的生长有所下降以及分布的不均匀,但荧光标记的保持率为70%以上。红色VIE标记可以用于中国对虾的海洋增殖放流研究。     

二硝基氟苯修饰的黑色素瘤细胞激活树突状细胞诱导特异性T细胞反应

目的:探索半抗原二硝基氟苯(DNP)修饰的恶性黑色素瘤细胞(恶黑)激活树突状细胞(DC)后,在体外诱导特异性T细胞反应的抗肿瘤效应。方法:采用DNP修饰恶黑细胞M3(H-2d),然后在体外激活BALB/c小鼠(H-2d)外周血来源的DC,用于激发自体的T细胞,观察对T细胞的增殖和特异性T细胞的杀伤功能。结果:经DNP修饰的M3细胞激活的DC,其诱发的T细胞增殖能力和对M3细胞的特异性杀伤效应均明显高于未修饰的M3细胞组和DC组。结论:DNP修饰M3所激活的DC可以诱导更强的恶黑特异性T细胞效应。     

Casein kinase 1alpha interacts with retinoid X receptor and interferes with agonist-induced apoptosis

Agonists of retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which include the natural 9-cis-retinoic acid and synthetic analogs, are potent inducers of growth arrest and apoptosis in some cancer cells. As such, they are being used in clinical trials for the treatment and prevention of solid tumors and are used to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the anti-cancer effects of RXR agonists remain unclear. Here, we show that a novel pro-apoptotic pathway that is induced by RXR agonist is negatively regulated by casein kinase 1alpha (CK1alpha). CK1alpha associates with RXR in an agonist-dependent manner and phosphorylates RXR. The ability of an RXR agonist to recruit CK1alpha to a complex with RXR in cells correlates inversely with its ability to inhibit growth. Remarkably, depletion of CK1alpha in resistant cells renders them susceptible to RXR agonist-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Our study shows that CK1alpha can promote cell survival by interfering with RXR agonist-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of CK1alpha may enhance the anti-cancer effects of RXR agonists.     

Effect of imitated global warming on Δ<Superscript>13</Superscript>C values in seven plant species growing in tibet alpine meadows

Open-top chambers were used to estimate the possible effects of global warming on δ¹³C of seven plant species grown in alpine meadow ecosystem. The δ¹³C values of plant species were lower after long-term growth in open-top chambers. In the course of experiment, temperature significantly increased inside the chambers by 4°C. Plant species grown at a lower elevation above sea level had higher δ¹³C values as compared to those grown at a higher elevation. This was in accordance with the effect of open-top chamber on δ¹³C values in plants. Greater availability of CO₂ and lower water vapor pressure at higher temperature inside the chambers, as indicated by an increase in discrimination against ¹³CO₂, probably result in more negative δ¹³C values of plants because higher stomatal conductance increases availability of CO₂ and causes greater discrimination against ¹³CO₂. The plant species studied could be the indicator species for testing global warming by the change in carbon isotope ratios at the two growth temperatures. This text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Stability of entomopathogenic bacteria, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xenorhabdus nematophila</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Photorhabdus luminescens</Emphasis>, during in vitro culture

The entomopathogenic nematode–bacteria complexes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora/Photorhabdus luminescens and Steinernema carpocapsae/Xenorhabdus nematophila are mass produced for use as biological insecticides. Stability of the bacterial partner in culture is essential for maintaining traits important for both biological control and production. Two geographically distinct strains of each bacterial species were isolated from their nematode partners and serially subcultured on in vitro media to assess trait stability. Subculturing resulted in a shift to secondary cell production in one P. luminescens strain and both X. nematophila strains within ten in vitro culture cycles. However, when cell phenotypic variation was controlled in X. nematophila strains by regular selection for primary variants, no trait change was detected in the primary variant after prolonged subculture. When P. luminescens cell phenotypic variation was controlled by selection for primary variants, changes in the primary variant of both strains were noted including reductions in cell and inclusion body size and inclusion body prevalence. Bacterial ability to cause lethal infections following injection into the hemocoel of Tenebrio molitor larvae declined by more than half in primary variants of one P. luminescens strain. Conversely, yield was enhanced, with the subcultured P. luminescens strains showing 53.5 and 75.8% increases in primary cell density. Field adapted traits of primary variant P. luminescens strains tend to deteriorate during in vitro culture as tradeoffs for gains in yield. In vitro producers of the P. luminescens/H. bacteriophora complex must weigh the need for superior bacterial yield against the need to preserve traits important for biological control.     

大鼠小脑缺血再灌注损伤的细胞凋亡及尼莫通的保护作用

采用四血管闭塞法制作全脑缺血再灌动物模型, 再灌后４８ 小时取小脑, 石蜡包埋切片。应用末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法原位检测到小脑皮质及小脑核有阳性反应的凋亡细胞, 表明细胞凋亡是迟发性神经元损伤的主要形式。缺血前３０ 分钟给以尼莫通能有效地减少细胞凋亡, 尼莫通对小脑缺血再灌注损伤有显著性保护作用     

Homogenous assays for Escherichia coli DnaB-stimulated DnaG primase and DnaB helicase and their use in screening for chemical inhibitors

Escherichia coli DnaG primase is a single-stranded DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA primer to initiate DNA replication at the origin and to initiate Okazaki fragment synthesis for synthesis of the lagging strand. Primase activity is greatly stimulated through its interaction with DnaB helicase. Here we report a 96-well homogeneous scintillation proximity assay (SPA) for the study of DnaB-stimulated E. coli primase activity and the identification of E. coli primase inhibitors. The assay uses an adaptation of the general priming reaction by employing DnaG primase, DnaB helicase, and ribonucleotidetriphosphates (incorporation of [(3)H]CTP) for in vitro primer synthesis on single-stranded oligonucleotide and M13mp18 DNA templates. The primase product is captured by polyvinyl toluene-polyethyleneimine-coated SPA beads and quantified by counting by beta-scintography. In the absence of helicase as a cofactor, primer synthesis is reduced by 85%. The primase assay was used for screening libraries of compounds previously identified as possessing antimicrobial activities. Primase inhibitory compounds were then classified as direct primase inhibitors or mixed primase/helicase inhibitors by further evaluation in a specific assay for DnaB helicase activity. By this approach, specific primase inhibitors could be identified.