激光辐照花生种子的细胞学效应

本试验考察了用Ar (488 nm)激光辐照对花生种子胚轴细胞形态结构以及根尖细胞染色体的影响。研究结果表明:在辐照功率密度为5.12 W/cm2,时间为10 s、25 s、55 s情况下,胚轴细胞均有不同程度的损伤;且均能诱发根尖细胞染色体畸变。处理时间延长,细胞破坏加剧,主要表现在细胞中膜系统、脂体、蛋白体和细胞核,出现了异形、合并或结构混乱等现象。染色体畸变类型也随之增加。各激光处理剂量均对花生种子萌发产生抑制作用。     

基于单分子量子相干调制的细胞温度成像技术

目的 细胞温度成像可以帮助科学家研究和理解细胞内部的温度分布,揭示细胞代谢和生物化学过程的关键信息。目前,基于荧光温度探针的细胞温度成像技术存在低温度分辨率和有限测量范围等限制。本文旨在利用单分子量子相干过程依赖温度的特性,开发一种单细胞温度成像和实时检测技术。方法 基于飞秒脉冲激光制备延时和相位可调的飞秒脉冲对,调制的脉冲对通过显微系统激发细胞内标记的荧光单分子,之后收集并记录每个荧光光子的到达时间。利用单分子相干过程与周围环境温度的关系,定义单分子量子相干可视度（V）,建立V与环境温度的对应关系。通过调制解调荧光光子的到达时间,获取单分子周围环境温度,结合扫描成像,实现细胞的温度成像和实时检测。结果 该方法可以实现高精度（温度分辨率<0.1℃）和大范围温度（10～50℃）的温度成像和测量,并观测到了单个细胞代谢相关的温度变化。结论 该研究有助于深入了解细胞代谢、蛋白质功能和疾病机制,为生物医学研究提供重要工具。     

水淹对钉螺卵影响的透射电镜观察

春汛期钉螺繁殖期在洞庭湖现场进行水淹螺卵试验，观察螺卵结构的动态变化。结果显示，对照组螺卵胶膜由胶原纤维层和基底膜组成，卵细胞核大，呈圆形或椭圆形，染色质丰富，细胞内含丰富线粒体、内质网和分泌颗粒等。水淹１０ｄ时，结构尚未见明显变化；至２０ｄ时，胶膜胶原纤维横纹不清，断裂有空洞，线粒体肿胀，嵴结构不清，核内染色质减少；３０ｄ时，出现核固缩或崩解，线粒体消失。说明在螺卵发育期水淹能很快使其发生病理损     

金小蜂科一新属(膜翅目:小蜂总科)

本文记述了我国金小蜂科、寡金小蜂亚科的１新属和１新种。模式标本存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

关于"探究问题"的课题开展及思考

“探究问题”的课题研究,让学生学会如何收集、处理和提取信息,如何运用相关知识分析和解决实际问题,如何与他人交流与合作,如何表述或展示研究的成果等等,达到学以致用的目的。     

Isolation and functional analysis of a Brassica juncea gene encoding a com-ponent of auxin efflux carrier

Polar auxin transport plays a divergent role in plant growth and developmental processes including root and embryo development, vascular pattern formation and cell elongation. Recently isolated Arabidopsis pin gene family was believed to encode a component of auxin efflux carrier (G(?)lweiler et al, 1998). Based on the Arabidopsis pin1 sequence we have isolated a Brassica juncea cDNA (designated Bjpin1), which encoded a 70-kDa putative auxin efflux carrier. Deduced BjPIN1 shared 65% identities at protein level with AtPINl and was highly homologous to other putative PIN proteins of Arabidopsis (with highest homology to AtPIN3). Hydrophobic analysis showed similar structures between BjPINl and AtPIN proteins. Presence of 6 exons (varying in size between 65 bp and 1229 bp) and 5 introns (sizes between 89 bp and 463 bp) in the genomic fragment was revealed by comparing the genomic and cDNA sequences. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin1 was expressed in most of the tissues tested, with a relatively h     

鲨活性成分及其分离和应用

我国海域分布有相当丰富的鲨资源,而鲨体内中具有许多重要的生理活性物质。本文概述了鲨体内的生理活性物质及其分离纯经技术和应用现状,并展望其开发利用前景。     

Binding of activator SyrM to the site of nodD3 P1 region of Rhizobium meliloti

The nodD3 gene ofRhizobium meliloti is transcribed via promoter P1 or P2. Gel retardation assay showed binding of SyrM to the P1 upstream region of nodD3. DNaseI footprint analysis demonstrated that the binding site of SyrM in nodD3 P1 region consists of two inverted repeat sequences arranged in tandem. SyrM seems to bind to DNA in the form of dimer or tetramer and requires the two inverted repeat sequences for binding. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39370027).     

枫香叶片变色期全长转录组测序及分析

枫香因其树形优美,入秋后叶色红艳或橙黄,极具观赏价值,是优良的景观生态树种。为了解枫香叶片变色及其次级代谢过程的遗传基础,该文以枫香5个叶片变色期叶片混合样品为材料,利用单分子实时测序技术(PacBio平台)对其进行全长转录组测序。结果表明:(1)全长转录组测序共获得41.04 Gb的高质量数据,从中鉴定出全长非嵌合序列563 180条,通过聚类和去冗余,获得27 269条高质量全长转录本。在27 269条全长转录本中预测到2 035条长链非编码RNA(lncRNA),并检测出14 892个简单重复序列(SSR)位点和1 856个转录因子。(2)基因注释结果表明,NR、GO、COG、KEGG 等8个数据库共注释了24 857条转录本,KEGG数据库共获得了124个条代谢途径,主要有核糖体、碳代谢、氨基酸生物合成等,在类黄酮和叶绿素代谢途径中分别有49和71个转录本参与。上述结果初步揭示了枫香叶片变色期转录组信息以及功能特性,为后续研究枫香叶片变色分子机制、色素代谢合成途径和调控、相关功能基因克隆以及叶色改良提供基础数据。     

Environmental controls over carbon exchange of three forest ecosystems in eastern China

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was continuously measured using the eddy covariance (EC) technique from 2003 to 2005 at three forest sites of ChinaFLUX. The forests include Changbaishan temperate mixed forest (CBS), Qianyanzhou subtropical coniferous plantation (QYZ), and Dinghushan subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest (DHS). They span wide ranges of temperature and precipitation and are influenced by the eastern Asian monsoon climate to varying extent. In this study, we estimated ecosystem respiration (RE) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP). Comparison of ecosystem carbon exchange among the three forests shows that RE was mainly determined by temperature, with the forest at CBS exhibiting the highest temperature sensitivity among the three ecosystems. The RE was highly dependent on GEP across the three forests, and the ratio of RE to GEP decreased along the North–South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) (i.e. from the CBS to the DHS), with an average of 0.77 ± 0.06. Daily GEP was mainly influenced by temperature at CBS, whereas photosynthetic photon flux density was the dominant factor affecting the daily GEP at both QYZ and DHS. Temperature mainly determined the pattern of the interannual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange at CBS. However, water availability primarily controlled the interannual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange at QYZ. At DHS, NEP attained the highest values at the beginning of the dry seasons (autumn) rather than the rainy seasons (summer), probably because insufficient radiation and frequent fog during the rainy seasons hindered canopy photosynthesis. All the three forest ecosystems acted as a carbon sink from 2003 to 2005. The annual average values of NEP at CBS, QYZ, and DHS were 259 ± 19, 354 ± 34, and 434 ± 66 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively. The slope of NEP that decreased with increasing latitude along the NSTEC was markedly different from that observed on the forest transect in the European continent. Long‐term flux measurements over more forest ecosystems along the NSTEC will further help verify such a difference between the European forest transect and the NSTEC and provide insights into the responses of ecosystem carbon exchange to climate change in China.