全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21868篇 |
免费 | 2167篇 |
国内免费 | 3926篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 83篇 |
2023年 | 378篇 |
2022年 | 722篇 |
2021年 | 1142篇 |
2020年 | 859篇 |
2019年 | 1043篇 |
2018年 | 1006篇 |
2017年 | 743篇 |
2016年 | 942篇 |
2015年 | 1397篇 |
2014年 | 1761篇 |
2013年 | 1764篇 |
2012年 | 2177篇 |
2011年 | 2019篇 |
2010年 | 1325篇 |
2009年 | 1281篇 |
2008年 | 1410篇 |
2007年 | 1301篇 |
2006年 | 1099篇 |
2005年 | 939篇 |
2004年 | 800篇 |
2003年 | 662篇 |
2002年 | 596篇 |
2001年 | 418篇 |
2000年 | 400篇 |
1999年 | 313篇 |
1998年 | 220篇 |
1997年 | 179篇 |
1996年 | 166篇 |
1995年 | 104篇 |
1994年 | 132篇 |
1993年 | 75篇 |
1992年 | 93篇 |
1991年 | 74篇 |
1990年 | 68篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 40篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 20篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 8篇 |
1950年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 625 毫秒
151.
Floral color change in diverse plants has been thought to be a visual signal reflecting changes in floral rewards, promoting pollinator foraging efficiency as well as plant reproductive success. It remains unclear whether olfactory signals co-vary with floral color change. We investigated the production rhythms of floral scent and nectar associated with floral color change in Lonicera japonica. The flowers generally last 2–3 days. They are white on opening at night (N1) and become light yellow the following day (D1), yellow on the second night (N2), and golden on the second day of flowering (D2). Our measurements in the four stages indicated that nectar production decreased significantly from N1 and D1 to N2 and D2, tracking the floral color change. A total of 34 compounds were detected in floral scent and total scent emission was significantly higher in N2 than in the other three stages. The scent emission of three major compounds, Linalool, cis-3-Hexenyl tiglate, and Germacrene D was also significantly higher in N2, but the relative content of Linalool decreased gradually, cis-3-Hexenyl tiglate increased gradually, and the relative content of Germacrene D did not differ among the four measured stages. Greater scent emission by night than by day suggested a strong olfactory signal to attract nocturnal hawkmoths, the effective pollinators. However, floral scent rhythms in the four stages did not match the color change and nectar secretion, suggesting that floral color (visual) and scent (olfactory) in this species may play different roles in attracting or filtering various visitors. 相似文献
152.
Jing‐Fang Guo Baosheng Wang Zhan‐Lin Liu Jian‐Feng Mao Xiao‐Ru Wang Wei Zhao 《植物分类学报:英文版》2023,61(1):143-156
Endemic species are important components of regional biodiversity and hold the key to understanding local adaptation and evolutionary processes that shape species distributions. This study investigated the biogeographic history of a relict conifer Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. confined to central China. We examined genetic diversity in P. bungeana using genotyping-by-sequencing and chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA markers. We performed spatial and temporal inference of recent genetic and demographic changes, and dissected the impacts of geography and environmental gradients on population differentiation. We then projected P. bungeana's risk of decline under future climates. We found extremely low nucleotide diversity (average π 0.0014), and strong population structure (global FST 0.234) even at regional scales, reflecting long-term isolation in small populations. The species experienced severe bottlenecks in the early Pliocene and continued to decline in the Pleistocene in the western distribution, whereas the east expanded recently. Local adaptation played a small (8%) but significant role in population diversity. Low genetic diversity in fragmented populations makes the species highly vulnerable to climate change, particularly in marginal and relict populations. We suggest that conservation efforts should focus on enhancing gene pool and population growth through assisted migration within each genetic cluster to reduce the risk of further genetic drift and extinction. 相似文献
153.
The gene (alyVI) encoding an alginate lyase of marine bacterium Vibrio sp. QY101, which was isolated from a decaying thallus of Laminaria, was cloned using a strategy of combined degenerate PCR and long range-inverse PCR (LR-IPCR), then sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. Gene alyVI was composed of a 1014 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 338 amino acid residues. The calculated molecular mass of alyVI product is 38.4 kDa, but a signal peptide is cleaved off, leaving a mature protein of 34 kDa. AlyVI was purified from culture supernatants to electrophoretic homogeneity using affinity chromatography. AlyVI was most active at pH 7.5 and 40 degrees C in the presence of 1 mM ZnCl2. A nine-amino-acid consensus region (YXRESLREM), which was only found in polyguluronate lyases, was also observed in the amino-terminal region of AlyVI. However, AlyVI could degrade both M block and G block. These results indicate that a novel alginate lyase-encoding gene has been cloned. 相似文献
154.
The present experiments attempt to find the meridian phenomenon and how the needle feeling propagates along the given meridian channels. The neurobiological mechanisms of the meridian were studied with neuroelectrical recording from the motor neurons and CB-HRP retrograde histochemistry technique in both rats and cats. The results demonstrated that most, but not all, of alpha motor neurons supplying a muscle group of a given meridian were selectively activated by afferent inputs originating not only from homonymous or heterogeneous, but synergistic muscle, but also from the skin nerve overlying the muscle group of the homonymous meridian. However, the afferent inputs from the heterogeneous meridian have very weak or no effect. On the other hand, the labeled motor neurons supplying a given meridian muscles form a discrete longitudinal column with a definite bound in the lateral ventral horn. There are oriented dendro-dendristes projections between the labeled motor neurons.The characteristics of both sel 相似文献
155.
156.
Summary Triple-resonance experiments can be designed to provide useful information on spin-system topologies. In this paper we demonstrate optimized proton and carbon versions of PFG-CT-HACANH and PFG-CT-HACA(CO)NH straight-through triple-resonance experiments that allow rapid and almost complete assignments of backbone H, 13C, 15N and HN resonances in small proteins. This work provides a practical guide to using these experiments for determining resonance assignments in proteins, and for identifying both intraresidue and sequential connections involving glycine residues. Two types of delay tunings within these pulse sequences provide phase discrimination of backbone Gly C and H resonances: (i) C–H phase discrimination by tuning of the refocusing period a_f; (ii) C–C phase discrimination by tuning of the 13C constant-time evolution period 2Tc. For small proteins, C–C phase tuning provides better S/N ratios in PFG-CT-HACANH experiments while C–H phase tuning provides better S/N ratios in PFG-CT-HACA(CO)NH. These same principles can also be applied to triple-resonance experiments utilizing 13C-13C COSY and TOCSY transfer from peripheral side-chain atoms with detection of backbone amide protons for classification of side-chain spin-system topologies. Such data are valuable in algorithms for automated analysis of resonance assignments in proteins. 相似文献
157.
158.
159.
160.
国家自然科学基金评审程序剖析──1993年和1994年植物学科面上基金项目分析陈峰,朱大保(中国科学院武汉植物研究所武汉430074)(国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部北京100083)关键词基金,评审,科研立项,学科ANALYSLSFORJUDGE... 相似文献