Asymmetric Somatic Hybridization Between Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Bromus inermis

Asymmetric hybridization was conducted between wheat and Brorrats inermis keyss which is a distanfiy related intergeneric plant (belonging to different tribe) of wheat and possesses some favorable traits, such as resistant to cold, drought and disease. Protoplasts isolated from young embryo-derived calli of common wheat ( Triticura aestivum L., tv. 99P, (AABBDD), 2n = 42) were fused with UV-treated protoplasts isolated from young embryo-derived calli of Bromus inermis by PEG method. Three clones (No. 1 ~ No. 3) were regenerated from the fusion products and differentiated into albino seedlings. The clones and the seedlings were all verified as hybrids by chromosome counting, isozyme and RAPD analysis. Their isozyme and RAPD pattern contained the characteristic bands of both parents as well as new band(s). The chromosome numbers of albino were in the range of 42~54 with small chromosomes of Bromus inerm/s and chromosome fragments. The above results confirmed that hybrid albinos were obtained.     

因子与巢式交配设计群体近交率的比较研究

探讨了因子和巢式交配设计群体近交率的形成机理,结果表明,这两种交配设计群体结构本身并不导致基近交率累积的差异。在育种选择情况下因子交配设计比巢式设计群体的近交率上升慢,而在完全随机留种和限制随机种情形这两种酱地群体近交率的影响没有差异,但在交配设计情况下,限制随机留种比完全随机留有有交地控制群体近交率的提高。这一结果显示,在动物的家畜遗传留种比完全随机留各 效地控制群体近交率的提高。这一结果显示,     

SEM Observation on the Structure of Cuticles on Leaf Inner Surface of Abies (Pinaceae) and Its Significance in Systematics

Comparative investigation of the inner surface of the needle cuticle of 36 species and 2 varieties of Abies under SEM has revealed that the characteristics of the intercellular flanges are rather distinct and four types can be distinguished: (1) Straight and developed single flange. This type is only represented by Abies bracteata D. Don. Morphologically, this species is also quite unique in the genus Abies and was once treated as a subgenus by Franco and Liu. Its special structure of the leaf cuticle observed here seems to support their treatment. (2) Double flanges. This type was first discovered in a leaf fossil of Abies from England. In modern plants of Abies, it is found only in the species from Central America. (3) Undeveloped single flange. This type is represented by a small group of Abies from the west and east coastal area of the Pacific Ocean. (4) Undulate and developed single flange. This type is represented by most of the species of Abies, including all the species in Europe and most species in Asia and North America. The flange types mentioned above seem to have some relationships with the geographical distribution of the species in the genus Abies, and their occurrence might have not been completely influenced by the habitats, hence the features of the intercellular flanges may provide good evidence for the subgeneric division of Abies. Based on our results and those from the previously published literature about the infrageneric treatments of Abies and the distribution of the fossils, we consider that western North America might be the diversity center of modern Abies. Florin once pointed out that the characters of the leaf cuticle in gymnosperms are of great significance for the generic andinfrageneric division. This viewpoint is strongly supported by our study on modern Abies.     

家蚕分子连锁图谱的构建及分子标记育种研究进展

国际蚕分子育种计划(International Silkworm Project)是Rhode Island大学的M.R.Goldsmith在1991年提出来的,也叫基因标记育种计划[1].该计划主要包括两步工作:第一步是制作蚕的分子基因图, 第二步是数量性状定位分析(简称QTL分析,也叫数量性状定位作图:QTL Mapping).最后利用分子标记直接在DNA水平进行重要经济性状(数量性状)的选择、固定,即实施"分子育种",用很短时间育成兼具高抗、强健、丝多、质优、易繁等特性的新蚕品种,本文对此进行简要介绍.     

秦岭南坡森林有蹄类群落组成与垂直分布特征

野生动植物种群和生物多样性的垂直分布模式是生态学研究中的重要问题,而目前对于大型兽类的垂直分布模式却了解较少。本研究以秦岭南坡森林生态系统中的有蹄类动物为对象,使用相机陷阱调查技术（camera-trapping）,系统的调查了研究区域内大中型兽类的分布情况。我们将研究区域按300 m垂直间隔划分为5个海拔段,分别计算各海拔段内目标物种的相对多度指数（Relative Abundance Index, RAI）和物种丰富度（species richness）,研究有蹄类动物群落的组成和垂直分布特征。2008年3~12月,共调查123个有效位点,在4 307个有效相机工作日中共记录到7种森林有蹄类动物。其中,羚牛（Budorcas taxicolor）为秦岭南坡有蹄类动物群落中的优势物种（平均RAI = 110.66）,种群数量最多;其次是野猪（RAI = 28.25）和斑羚（RAI = 25.10）;林麝（Moschus berezovskii）则是群落中种群数量最少的物种（RAI = 1.33）。在本研究所涉及的海拔梯度内,各物种种群数量的垂直分布模式为：羚牛和林麝为单峰型,种群数量在中间海拔段存在一个峰值,两侧递减;斑羚（Naemorhedus goral）为单调递增型（R2 = 0.84）,种群数量大体随着海拔梯度的升高而增加;小麂（Muntiacus reevesi）（R2 = 0.94）和鬣羚（Capricornis sumatraensis）（R2 = 0.79）为单调递减型,种群数量随着海拔梯度的升高而减少;野猪（Sus scrofa）和毛冠鹿（Elaphodus cephalophus）为复合型,分布模式较为复杂。整个有蹄类群落的物种丰富度的垂直分布表现为中峰模式,在1 700~2 300 m的中等海拔段最高,符合中域效应假说的预测。     

共聚焦激光扫描显微镜活体观察动脉粥样硬化家兔模型大脑皮质血管内血液缘流厚度的改变

目的:探讨在兔脑皮层动脉粥样硬化时血管内缘流厚度的变化。方法:用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜比较家兔脑皮质动脉内缘流厚度在正常、粥样硬化病理状态下的不同。结果:在血管直径为74.87±3.26μm的血管中血液缘流厚度在病理状态下随血管的舒张、收缩而发生改变;而在血管直径为94.33±2.84μm的缘流厚度在血管收缩时发生改变。结论:动脉粥样硬化的家兔模型中血液缘流厚度随血液的流变性质改变而改变。     

沙枣果总黄酮类化合物的富集研究

通过对9种型号大孔吸附树脂静态筛选,最终确定AB-8型大孔吸附树脂用于沙枣果总黄酮化合物的富集,并通过动态实验,确定沙枣果总黄酮最优富集条件为：样品浓度2.43 mg·mL^-1,上样速率2 BV·h^-1,乙醇浓度70%,洗脱速率2 BV·h^-1。在最优工艺条件下,沙枣果总黄酮浓度由9.73%增加到49.52%;其中金丝桃苷含量由0.53%增加到3.07%,提高5.79倍。本研究为沙枣果总黄酮的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

跨越生境的资源补贴对生态系统的影响研究进展

跨越不同生态系统之间的物质、能量和营养元素流动,即资源补贴,是生态系统的基本属性,也是生态学研究的基本问题之一.常见的资源补贴包括落入水体的树叶凋落物和陆地昆虫、水生昆虫成虫、从海洋生殖洄游的鲑鱼等,这些外源性的资源补贴对接收生态系统的生物个体、种群、群落、生物多样性和生态系统功能都有影响,包括促进个体生长、增加物种丰度和多样性、改变群落结构、增加生态系统的生产力、改变食物链长度及影响食物网、影响生态系统的稳定性等.随着未来人类活动对环境扰动的增加,尤其在土地利用、气候变化、生物入侵方面,对跨越生态系统资源补贴的时空动态影响将加剧,因而生态系统将面临更加严峻的威胁.鉴于此,未来在该领域的基础研究应着重开展以下几方面研究:单一和多重环境胁迫对资源补贴和生态系统的影响;动态资源补贴在生态系统修复及管理中的应用;关注与污染物相关的资源补贴的负面影响;加强跨越生境资源补贴在热带和亚热带以及在我国的生态学基础研究.