耐盐碱细菌DQSA1的分离鉴定及盐碱胁迫下对绿豆的促生作用

【背景】近年来,大庆地区土壤盐碱化程度逐渐加剧,而微生物改良盐碱土是当今的研究热点。【目的】从大庆盐碱土中筛选出耐盐碱菌株,验证其促生作用,为改良大庆盐碱土壤提供微生物资源。【方法】采用筛选培养基从大庆盐碱土中获得耐盐碱促生菌,对其进行形态学观察、生理生化和16S rRNA基因鉴定,并测试菌株在盐碱胁迫下对绿豆植株和土壤细菌群落结构的影响。【结果】筛选得到一株耐盐碱促生菌DQSA1,具有固氮、产ACC脱氨酶、产铁载体、产吲哚乙酸(Indole-3-Acetic Acid,IAA)功能;通过生理生化鉴定和系统发育分析,判定该菌株为卓贝尔氏菌属(Zobellella)。在盐碱土中种植绿豆后接种菌株DQSA1,处理后的绿豆较对照相比根系鲜重、根系干重及叶绿素含量分别增加了33%、32%和79%;植株叶部可溶性糖、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量分别升高了10%、80%和73%;根系的脯氨酸及可溶性蛋白含量分别增加了78%和44%。对种植绿豆的土壤细菌进行高通量测序,发现菌株DQSA1可以在盐碱环境下定殖并促进根瘤菌和鞘氨醇杆菌等有益菌的生长。【结论】菌株DQSA1可以在盐碱条件下调节土壤细菌群落结构并促进植物生长,为改良盐碱土地提供了有效的微生物资源。     

烟草连作障碍与土壤理化性质及微生物多样性特征的关联

【背景】烟草是我国最重要的经济作物之一,其忌连作的特点严重影响了我国烟草产业的发展。【目的】通过研究烟草连作障碍、土壤理化性质和微生物多样性特征的关系,为解决烟草连作障碍问题、制定有效的烟草生产技术提供理论基础。【方法】选择连作障碍严重烟田和克服连作障碍烟田作为研究对象,基于高通量测序技术,探究烟田连作障碍情况、烟田理化性质与土壤微生物多样性的联系。【结果】克服连作障碍的烟田土壤pH、总氮和有机质含量显著高于连作障碍严重的烟田土壤,克服连作障碍烟田和连作障碍严重烟田土壤微生物多样性之间不存在显著差异,但土壤微生物优势群落发生了显著改变,烟田土壤的pH、有机质、有效磷、总氮都与微生物群落显著相关。【结论】烟田克服连作障碍的差异,可能与烟田土壤的理化性质以及微生物组成的差异有关,此研究为解决湘西烟区连作障碍问题提供理论基础和技术支持。     

门巴族、珞巴族与夏尔巴人身体成分特点及比较

为研究门巴族、珞巴族和夏尔巴人的身体成分特点,2016年在西藏采用生物电阻抗法测量了门巴族276例(男性为98例,女性为178例)、珞巴族93例(男性为34例,女性为59例)和夏尔巴人181例(男性为97例,女性为84例)的19项身体成分指标。运用Excel2003和SPSS19对各项指标进行统计学分析。结果显示,门巴族女性和珞巴族女性体脂率均值处于肥胖范围。门巴族男性内脏脂肪等级均数为10.26,属于内脏肥胖型,这可能会导致相关疾病的高发。门巴族与珞巴族男性身体成分具有明显的一致性,且与藏族、木雅人男性接近。3个族群女性肌肉量接近,夏尔巴人男性肌肉量低于门巴族和珞巴族,但夏尔巴人体重轻,肌肉率远高于门巴族和珞巴族。目前国内对门巴族、珞巴族和夏尔巴人的体成分研究尚处于空白。此次调查研究,丰富了西藏地区人群的体质数据,对提高营养健康水平和身体素质具有一定参考意义。     

不同培养基和三种金属离子对桦褐孔菌培养菌丝体的羊毛甾醇和麦角甾醇积累的影响

Lanosterol and ergosterol are the active principles with potential pharmacological activities in Inonotus obliquus. However, the two sterols are less accumulated in cultured mycelia of the fungus. In this study, different carbon and nitrogen sources and pH levels together with three metal ions were assayed for their effects on accumulation of the two sterols in the fungus. Among the tested media the growth medium consisting of glucose (1.5%), rice powder (0.5%), yeast extract (0.4%), wheat bran (0.1%), KH2PO4 (0.01%) and MgSO4·7H2O (0.05%) with pH level at 6.5 yielded a maximum production of the two sterols, which can further be increased following the treatment of Ag+, Cu2+ and Ca2+. Supplementing Ag+ at concentrations of 0.28 and 0.35μmol partially inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis, leading to an enhanced accumulation of lanosterol, the presence of intermediates of ergosterol biosynthetic pathway and a reduced accumulation of ergosterol in cultured mycelia of I.     

氮素减施对茶树光合作用和氮肥利用率的影响

为探讨当前茶园施肥水平下氮素减施对茶树的生长与氮肥利用率的影响,在大田条件下设置不施氮(空白对照CK),纯氮16 kg·667 m^-2(减氮55.6%,处理A)、纯氮26kg·667 m^-2(减氮27.8%,处理B)、纯氮36 kg·667 m^-2(常规施氮CF)4个施氮处理,研究氮素用量减施对茶树光合作用、产量、氮素吸收及其利用效率的影响。结果表明:与CF比较,处理B能提高茶树的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r),降低胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)和水分利用率(WUE);各施氮肥处理中以处理B的产量最高,氮肥农学效率最高,土壤养分剩余较少,氮素的利用效率较高;CF产量较处理B增加不显著,氮肥农学效率降低,土壤未利用养分较多。因此,减氮27.8%的施肥能保证与常规施肥的茶叶产量,氮素利用率明显提升,有利于茶业的可持续发展。     

A third species of the relict family Epiophlebiidae discovered in China (Odonata: Epiproctophora)

Epiophlebia sinensis sp.n. , a third species of the relict odonatan family Epiophlebiidae, is described from two male adults collected in Heilongjiang province, China. The new species lives in an environment rather similar to that of the two other species, E. superstes and E. laidlawi, i.e. along cold streams in a coniferous and deciduous forest. Possible explanations for the lack of fossil Epiophlebiidae and the biogeography of these damsel‐dragonflies are proposed.     

Ash2l-1调控小鼠卵黄囊早期造血

作为甲基转移酶MLL/SET1复合体的核心成分之一,ASH2L能够促进组蛋白H3K4me3修饰的形成,并在小鼠早期胚胎发育过程中行使重要功能.在小鼠中,由于启动子的选择性使用,Ash2l会转录成两种不同长度的转录本并形成两种蛋白质亚型:ASH2L-1和ASH2L-2.目前有关该基因在小鼠胚胎发育中的作用机制及不同亚型的功能还不清楚.本文利用CRISPR/Cas9技术特异敲除Ash2l-1并研究该亚型的生理学功能.研究结果发现,当Ash2l-1缺失时,小鼠胚胎在E9.5~E10.5时发生致死.特别是Ash2l-1-/-E9.5胚胎的卵黄囊血管和早期造血发育存在明显缺陷.转录组测序结果显示,Ash2l-1的缺失影响红细胞发育和成熟、血管发生和形成相关基因的表达.H3K4me3的CUT&RUN结果显示,在一些表达下调关键基因的启动子区,H3K4me3修饰水平出现下降.以上结果表明,Ash2l-1在小鼠卵黄囊的早期造血和血管形成过程中是必不可少的,它可能是通过调控关键基因启动子区的H3K4me3修饰水平而控制这些基因的表达,从而在相关过程中行使功能.     

Effects of maternal diet on offspring fitness in the bird cherry‐oat aphid

1. Maternal and offspring diet effects on life‐history traits of the bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi were tested on three wheat varieties. Using nine reciprocal combinations of wheat varieties, the effects of previous experience (maternal diet effect) on the aphid's response to resistant and susceptible varieties (offspring diet effect) were tested. Batis was susceptible, and Xiaoyan22 and Ww2730 were both resistant, but with different mechanisms. 2. Aphids produced the most alatae in the treatments with the most resistant maternal diet variety Xiaoyan22. The fecundity (F) and intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) of these alatae were at their greatest in the most resistant offspring diet variety, but these traits were not influenced in the apterae. 3. There were significant interactions in the alatae production and apterae life‐history traits, such as r_m, development time, weight gain, and mean relative growth rate, between the maternal and offspring diet varieties. The interactions in apterae responses between varieties, some of which were reciprocal, indicated phenotypic plasticity in these parthenogenetic aphids. 4. Rhopalosiphum padi produced more alatae on the most resistant variety; the alatae would disperse and were more fecund. The growth responses of the apterae showed phenotypic plasticity to the different combinations of maternal and offspring diet varieties. The phenotypic plasticity would allow R. padi to better utilise the variable environments represented by the small wheat plots of different varieties in China.     

Some New Records of Ferns from Vietnam ( 2)

Nine species of ferns are reported for the first time from Vietnam: Cyrtomium pachyp hyllum ( Rosenst. ) C. Chr. , C1 shingianum H. S. Kung et P. S. Wang, Dryopteri bodinieri ( Christ) C. Chr. , D1 gymnosora (Makino) C. Chr. , Teratop hyllum aculeatum ( Bl. ) Mett. ex Kuhn, Elaphoglossunm sinii C. Chr. ex Wu, Tectaria herpetocaulos Holtt. , T1 hokouensis Ching et C. H. Wang, Boniniella cardiophylla ( Hance) Tagawa, distributions are discussed.