大熊猫精清血小板激活因子乙酰水解酶(PAF-AH)活性影响因素的初步探讨

在2004年度2~5月大熊猫繁殖季节,对5只不同年龄雄性大熊猫的精液使用酶免法检测精清中的PAF-AH含量,并初步探讨了其含量高低的影响因素。结果在所有受检样品中均检测到PAF-AH活性的存在,浓度最低仅12.96 mmol/min.mL,最高达275.42 mmol/min.mL,大熊猫年龄不同、采精时间不同,精清PAF-AH含量存在一定差异;同时PAF-AH的含量表现出与精子活力呈极显著负相关(R=-0.73,P<0.001),与精子运动状态呈显著负相关(R=-0.58,P<0.05);与精子形态完整性也有一定相关性但差异不显著(R=-0.42,P>0.05)。结果表明,大熊猫精清中含有PAF-AH,其含量高低与大熊猫年龄、采精季节及精液质量有关。     

茴香薄翅野螟发生动态的调查

经调查研究表明:在青海省的油菜种植区,茴香薄翅野螟Evergestis extimalis Scopoli越冬幼虫从6月初开始化蛹,6月中旬化蛹率达为80%,到6月下旬化蛹率达到100%;成虫于7月上旬开始羽化,7月15～20日为成虫羽化高峰;田间卵始见期为6月下旬至7月上旬,7月中旬达到产卵高峰期;越冬幼虫平均死亡率为96.63%。     

驻某地武警机关干部体质指数与代谢性疾病的关系

目的:探讨健康体检的驻某地武警机关干部体质指数(BMI)与代谢性疾病的关系。方法:采用横断面调查方法对健康体检的1920名驻某地武警机关干部和270名地方机关干部的体质指数情况进行比较分析,探讨超重肥胖与代谢性疾病的关系。结果:1.军人组超重率及肥胖率均低于地方组(P<0.01)。2.<50岁人群组随年龄增加,超重及肥胖检出率有增高趋势(P<0.01),40~49岁人群超重率和肥胖率最高;50~65岁人群超重与肥胖率最低。3.两组机关干部随BMI升高,高总胆固醇、高甘油三酯、高尿酸血症、脂肪肝检出率增高(P<0.01);军人组高尿酸血症发病率明显高于地方组(P<0.05);高血压、高血脂发病率明显降低(P<0.05);与地方超重组比较,军人超重组脂肪肝发病率明显升高(P<0.05)。4.在30~50岁的军人中,随着年龄升高,高血压、高血糖、高血脂、高尿酸,脂肪肝发病率明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:健康体检人群超重、肥胖率较高,控制体重对高血压、高血糖、高血脂及脂肪肝等慢性病的防治具有重要意义。军人组超重与肥胖率均低于地方,但高尿酸血症和高脂肪肝发病率升高,故建议有代谢性疾病的军人限制饮酒可能会受益。     

人Neuritin在原核表达系统的构建及表达纯化

Neuritin是一种新发现能促进神经突起和轴突分支的蛋白,为了更清楚的研究它的生物学功能,我们在已克隆Neuritin cDNA的基础上, PCR扩增出Neuritin ORF,与原核表达载体pET32a重组后,成功的构建了Neuritin原核表达质粒pET32a-Neuritin。重组质粒转化BL21大肠杆菌, IPTG诱导后,表达产物用SDS-PAGE 和Western blot证实系Neuritin,用镍离子亲和层析的方法获得了纯化的Neuritin蛋白。     

Roles of individual enzyme-substrate interactions by alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase in catalysis and specificity

The retaining glycosyltransferase, alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha3GT), is mutationally inactivated in humans, leading to the presence of circulating antibodies against its product, the alpha-Gal epitope. alpha3GT catalyzes galactose transfer from UDP-Gal to beta-linked galactosides, such as lactose, and in the absence of an acceptor substrate, to water at a lower rate. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the roles in catalysis and specificity of residues in alpha3GT that form H-bonds as well as other interactions with substrates. Mutation of the conserved Glu(317) to Gln weakens lactose binding and reduces the k(cat) for galactosyltransfer to lactose and water by 2400 and 120, respectively. The structure is not perturbed by this substitution, but the orientation of the bound lactose molecule is changed. The magnitude of these changes does not support a previous proposal that Glu(317) is the catalytic nucleophile in a double displacement mechanism and suggests it acts in acceptor substrate binding and in stabilizing a cationic transition state for cleavage of the bond between UDP and C1 of the galactose. Cleavage of this bond also linked to a conformational change in the C-terminal region of alpha3GT that is coupled with UDP binding. Mutagenesis indicates that His(280), which is projected to interact with the 2-OH of the galactose moiety of UDP-Gal, is a key residue in the stringent donor substrate specificity through its role in stabilizing the bound UDP-Gal in a suitable conformation for catalysis. Mutation of Gln(247), which forms multiple interactions with acceptor substrates, to Glu reduces the catalytic rate of galactose transfer to lactose but not to water. This mutation is predicted to perturb the orientation or environment of the bound acceptor substrate. The results highlight the importance of H-bonds between enzyme and substrates in this glycosyltransferase, in arranging substrates in appropriate conformations and orientation for efficient catalysis. These factors are manifested in increases in catalytic rate rather than substrate affinity.     

锐孔菌属一新种

本文报道了多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)锐孔菌属(Oxyporus)一新种:长白锐孔菌(Oxyporus changbaiensis Y.P.Bai et X.L.Zeng)。本种在形态特征上与黄白锐孔菌[Oxy-porus cervino-gilvus(Jungh.)Ryv.]相近,但菌丝具有大量横隔膜,且孢子较宽;亦与宽边锐孔菌[Oxyporus latemaginatus(Dur.et Mont.)Donk]相似,但孢子较大,有时有菌盖,囊状体上部被以结晶。文中有拉丁文及中文描述。     

Synergistic Impaired Effect between Smoking and Manganese Dust Exposure on Pulmonary Ventilation Function in Guangxi Manganese-Exposed Workers Healthy Cohort (GXMEWHC)

PurposeThe aims of this study were to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) dust exposure on lung functions and evaluate the potential synergistic effect between smoking and Mn dust exposure among refinery workers.MethodsA retrospective study including 1658 workers in a ferromanganese refinery was conducted, with subjects who were from the Guangxi manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort (GXMEWHC). Based on the Mn manganese cumulative exposure index (Mn-CEI), all subjects were divided into the low exposure group (n = 682) and the high exposure group (n = 976). A pulmonary function test was performed using an electronic spirometer, including the values and percentages of FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, MMEF, PEFR, MVV, respectively.ResultsNo significant effect of Mn dust exposure on the pulmonary function was found in the female workers (all p>0.05). However, there was an obvious decrease in the male workers in the high exposure group compared with those in the low exposure group (FVC -60 ml, FEV₁ -120 ml, MMEF -260 ml/s, MVV -5.06 L, all p<0.05). In the high exposure group, the reduction in FVC% predicted, MMEF and MMEF% predicted was 1.0%, 210 mL/s, and 4.9%, respectively. In particular, among the exposed subjects smokers had a statistically significant decrease in lung function compared with non-smokers and the reduction in FVC% predicted, MMEF and MMEF% predicted was 1.0%, 210 mL/s, and 4.9%, respectively (p<0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed that there was also negative correlation between Mn-CEI and decreased changes in MMEF (r = -0.159, p = 0.018) and also MMEF% predicted (r = -0.163, p = 0.015).ConclusionsMn dust can impair the pulmonary ventilation function of male workers but not females, and individual smoking habits and manganese exposure had a synergistic effect on the lung function decrease.     

饲料铜水平对斑节对虾血细胞中酚氧化酶原系统相关基因表达的影响

以不同铜离子添加水平(0 mg·kg-1、10 mg·kg-1、25 mg·kg-1、40 mg·kg-1、55 mg·kg-1和110 mg·kg-1)的饲料喂养斑节对虾Penaeus monodon 8周,测定对虾血细胞中酚氧化酶原系统相关基因(pro PO1、pro PO2、PE、PPAF和BGBP)表达水平的变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,当铜添加水平为40~55 mg·kg-1时,proPO1的表达量显著上升;当铜添加水平为25~55 mg·kg-1时,pro PO2、PE和PPAF的表达量显著上升;铜添加水平对BGBP的表达量没有显著影响。血清PO活力也在铜添加水平为25~55 mg·kg-1时显著提高。这些结果表明,饲料中添加一定量的铜离子可诱导pro PO1、pro PO2、PE和PPAF表达量的上调,从而提高血清PO活力。根据上述结果,针对提高酚氧化酶原系统免疫功能,在本基础饲料配方中适宜的铜添加水平为25~55 mg·kg-1。     

Suppression of Sox4 protects against myocardial ischemic injury by reduction of cardiac apoptosis in mice

Sox4 participates in the progression of embryo development and regulation of apoptosis in tumors. However, the effect and mechanism of Sox4 in myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed at examining the role and molecular mechanism of Sox4 in the process of cardiomyocytes apoptosis during MI. The expression of Sox4 were obviously increased both in MI mice and in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes treated with H₂O₂. Overexpression of Sox4 promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis with or without H₂O₂, whereas knocking down of Sox4 alleviated H₂O₂‐induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, silencing Sox4 by AAV‐9 carried short hairpin RNA targeting Sox4 (AAV‐9‐sh‐Sox4) markedly decreased cardiac infarct area, imprfoved cardiac dysfunction, and reversed apoptosis in MI mice. Mechanistically, there is a potential Sox4‐binding site in the promoter region of Bim, and forced expression of Sox4 significantly promoted Bim expression in cultured cardiomyocytes with or without H₂O₂, whereas knocking down of Sox4 inhibited the expression of Bim. Further studies showed that silencing Bim attenuated Sox4‐induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, indicating that Sox4 promoted cardiomyocytes apoptosis through regulation of Bim expression, which can be used as a potential therapeutic target for MI.