野生甜瓜'云甜-930'对白粉病抗性的遗传分析

以经过多代自交选育的高抗白粉病材料野生甜瓜'云甜-930'(P1)与感病栽培甜瓜'华莱士'(P2)组配,构建了P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2 6个世代,对大棚栽培条件下各世代材料的白粉病自然发病状况进行考察,用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型的多世代联合分析法,研究野生甜瓜'云甜-930'对白粉病的抗性遗传规律.结果显示:野生甜瓜'云甜-930'对白粉病的抗性遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型(E-0),2对主基因的加性效应相等,da和db均为-15.76,2对主基因的显性效应ha和hb分别为14.98和19.87,第2对主基因的显性效应大于第1对;2对主基因互作效应中除了显性×显性效应(l=-7.73)较小外,其它互作效应均较大,加性×加性效应i为31.46,加性×显性效应jab为-26.86,而显性×加性效应jba为-17.07.该组合的B1、B2和F2群体抗病性主基因遗传率分别为73.31%、69.15%和97.61%,多基因遗传率分别为18.83%、25.86%和0,环境变异在2.39%～7.86%之间.研究表明,野生甜瓜'云甜-930'对白粉病的抗性受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制,同时还受到环境的影响.在甜瓜抗白粉病育种中,在F2代主基因的选择效率最高.     

Structural and functional analysis of the ligand specificity of the HtrA2/Omi PDZ domain

The mitochondrial serine protease HtrA2/Omi helps to maintain mitochondrial function by handling misfolded proteins in the intermembrane space. In addition, HtrA2/Omi has been implicated as a proapoptotic factor upon release into the cytoplasm during the cell death cascade. The protein contains a C-terminal PDZ domain that packs against the protease active site and inhibits proteolytic activity. Engagement of the PDZ domain by peptide ligands has been shown to activate the protease and also has been proposed to mediate substrate recognition. We report a detailed structural and functional analysis of the human HtrA2/Omi PDZ domain using peptide libraries and affinity assays to define specificity, X-ray crystallography to view molecular details of PDZ-ligand interactions, and alanine-scanning mutagenesis to probe the peptide-binding groove. We show that the HtrA2/Omi PDZ domain recognizes both C-terminal and internal stretches of extended, hydrophobic polypeptides. High-affinity ligand recognition requires contacts with up to five hydrophobic side chains by distinct sites on the PDZ domain. However, no particular residue type is absolutely required at any position, and thus, the HtrA2/Omi PDZ domain appears to be a promiscuous module adapted to recognize unstructured, hydrophobic polypeptides. This type of specificity is consistent with the biological role of HtrA2/Omi in mitochondria, which requires the recognition of diverse, exposed stretches of hydrophobic sequences in misfolded proteins. The findings are less consistent with, but do not exclude, a role for the PDZ domain in targeting the protease to specific substrates during apoptosis.     

以茎尖组培苗检测甘蔗体内内生固氮菌的固氮活性

以巴西引进的甘蔗品种‘B1’、‘B3’、‘B5’、‘B8’以及广西地区栽培品种‘新台糖16号’和‘桂糖11号’的茎尖进行组织培养,对其继代4次的茎尖组培苗进行有氮与无氮培养比较以及于温室中无氮盆栽品种比较试验的结果表明,经茎尖培养的甘蔗品种其原有的固氮能力不丧失,4个巴西甘蔗品种的固氮能力和在无氮下的生长能力强于广西主栽品种‘新台糖16号’和‘桂糖11号’,无氮培养的巴西甘蔗品种氮含量较高,固氮活性较强,缺氮症状出现时间较迟;无氮盆栽的巴西甘蔗品种株高、分蘖、叶片的固氮活性等均优于‘新台糖16号’和‘桂糖11号’。     

肺腺癌组织中表皮生长因子受体基因突变的检测及其临床意义

目的:通过检测肺腺癌组织中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因的突变情况,研究EGFR突变与患者临床特征(性别、年龄和吸烟史)的相关性。方法:收集160例肺腺癌患者术前的石蜡组织标本,提取DNA后用实时定量PCR方法对EGFR基因18~21外显子进行突变检测;对基因突变结果与患者的性别、年龄和吸烟史分别做χ2检验。结果:160例肺腺癌组织标本中,有57例检测到EGFR基因突变,突变率为35.6%,且突变与患者性别、年龄和吸烟史均无显著相关性(P0.05);57例EGFR基因突变标本中,27例为19外显子缺失,22例为21外显子L858R点突变,这2种突变占总突变类型的85.96%,并且与患者性别、年龄及吸烟史无显著相关性(P0.05)。结论:EGFR基因在女性不吸烟肺腺癌中有较高的突变率,突变主要集中在19外显子缺失和21外显子L858R点突变,但突变率及突变类型与患者性别、年龄和吸烟史均不相关。     

Effect of natural zeolite on methane production for anaerobic digestion of ammonium rich organic sludge

The effect of an inorganic additive on the methane production from NH(4+)-rich organic sludge during anaerobic digestion was investigated using different kinds of inorganic adsorbent zeolites (mordenite, clinoptilolite, zeolite 3A, zeolite 4A), clay mineral (vermiculite), and manganese oxides (hollandite, birnessite). The additions of inorganic materials resulted in significant NH4+ removals from the natural organic sludge ([NH4+]=1, 150 mg N/l), except for the H-type zeolite 3A and birnessite. However, an enhanced methane production was only achieved using natural mordenite. Natural mordenite also enhanced the methane production from the sludge with a markedly high NH4+ concentration (4500 mg N/l) during anaerobic digestion. Chemical analyses of the sludge after the digestion showed considerable increases in the Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in the presence of natural mordenite, but not with synthetic zeolite 3A. The effect of Ca2+ or Mg2+ addition on the methane production was studied using Na(+)-exchanges mordenite and Ca2+ or Mg(2+)-enriched sludge. The simultaneous addition of Ca2+ ions and Na(+)-exchanged mordenite enhanced the methane production; the amount of produced methane was about three times greater than that using only the Na(+)-exchanged mordenite. In addition, comparing the methane production by the addition of natural mordenite or Ca2+ ions, the methane production with natural mordenite was about 1.7 times higher than that with only Ca2+ ions. The addition of 5% and 10% natural mordenite were suitable condition for obtaining a high methane production. These results indicated that the Ca2+ ions, which are released from natural mordenite by a Ca2+/NH4+ exchange, enhanced the methane production of the organic waste at a high NH4+ concentration. Natural mordenite has a synergistic effect on the Ca2+ supply as well on the NH4+ removal during anaerobic digestion, which is effective for the mitigation of NH4+ inhibition against methane production.     

Identification of a Bifunctional UDP-4-keto-pentose/UDP-xylose Synthase in the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum Strain GMI1000, a Distinct Member of the 4,6-Dehydratase and Decarboxylase Family

The UDP-sugar interconverting enzymes involved in UDP-GlcA metabolism are well described in eukaryotes but less is known in prokaryotes. Here we identify and characterize a gene (RsU4kpxs) from Ralstonia solanacearum str. GMI1000, which encodes a dual function enzyme not previously described. One activity is to decarboxylate UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-β-l-threo-pentopyranosyl-4″-ulose in the presence of NAD⁺. The second activity converts UDP-β-l-threo-pentopyranosyl-4″-ulose and NADH to UDP-xylose and NAD⁺, albeit at a lower rate. Our data also suggest that following decarboxylation, there is stereospecific protonation at the C5 pro-R position. The identification of the R. solanacearum enzyme enables us to propose that the ancestral enzyme of UDP-xylose synthase and UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase was diverged to two distinct enzymatic activities in early bacteria. This separation gave rise to the current UDP-xylose synthase in animal, fungus, and plant as well as to the plant Uaxs and bacterial ArnA and U4kpxs homologs.     

Roseibacterium beibuensis sp. nov., a Novel Member of Roseobacter Clade Isolated from Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea

A novel aerobic, bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria strain JLT1202r^T was isolated from Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea. Cells were gram-negative, non-motile, and short-ovoid to rod-shaped with two narrower poles. Strain JLT1202r^T formed circular, opaque, wine-red colonies, and grew optimally at 3–4?% NaCl, pH 7.5–8.0 and 28–30?°C. The strain was catalase, oxidase, ONPG, gelatin, and Voges–Proskauer test positive. In vivo absorption spectrum of bacteriochlorophyll a presented two peaks at 800 and 877?nm. The predominant cellular fatty acid was C_18:1 ω7c and significant amounts of C_16:0, C_18:0, C_10:0 3-OH, C_16:0 2-OH, and 11-methyl C_18:1 ω7c were present. Strain JLT1202r^T contained Q-10 as the major respiratory quinone and the genomic DNA G+C content was 76.3?mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of various species with validly published names showed that strain JLT1202r^T fell within the genus Roseibacterium, family Rhodobacteraceae, sharing the highest similarity with Roseibacterium elongatum OCh 323^T (97.9?% similarity), followed by Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12^T (95.4?% similarity). The phylogenetic distance of pufM genes between strain JLT1202r^T and R. elongatum OCh 323^T was 9.4?%, suggesting that strain JLT1202r^T was distinct from the only strain of the genus Roseibacterium. Based on the variabilities of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain JLT1202r^T stands for a novel species of the genus Roseibacterium and the name R. beibuensis sp. nov. is proposed with JLT1202r^T as the type strain (=JCM 18015^T?=?CGMCC 1.10994^T).     

中国胫管蓟马属一新纪录种(缨翅目,管蓟马科)(英文)

记述中国1新纪录种,安氏胫管蓟马Terthrothrips anantha krishnani Kud?,1978。详细描述了安氏胫管蓟马Terthrothrips ananthakrishnani Kud?,1978的形态特征,提供了胫管蓟马属中国已知种的检索表。研究标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

少花龙葵茎总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

采用乙醇浸提法对Solanum photeinocar pum茎总黄酮的提取工艺及其抗氧化性能进行了研究,探讨了溶剂浓度、温度、提取时间、料液比等因素对总黄酮含量提取的影响,并采用正交实验对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺参数乙醇浓度为40%,提取温度为80℃,时间为1h,料液比1:16(g:mL)。在此条件下测得总黄酮含量为4.39mg/g,提取物对羟自由基具有较好的清除效果。